Journal of experimental neurology最新文献

Mechanical Thrombectomy for All LVO – Is It Feasible? – Recent Evidence to Expand the Current Stroke Guidelines 机械血栓切除术治疗所有 LVO - 可行吗？- 扩展现行卒中指南的最新证据

Journal of experimental neurology Pub Date : 2024-01-30 DOI: 10.33696/neurol.5.084

Jindong Xu, Cortney de la Torre, Devon Shafer, Margely Carrion-Carrero, Pramod Sethi

引用次数: 0

Could Neonatal Electroclinical Syndromes Orchestrate Diagnosis and Treatment? 新生儿临床电综合征能否协调诊断和治疗？

Journal of experimental neurology Pub Date : 2024-01-30 DOI: 10.33696/neurol.5.083

Rene Andrade Machado

{"title":"Could Neonatal Electroclinical Syndromes Orchestrate Diagnosis and Treatment?","authors":"Rene Andrade Machado","doi":"10.33696/neurol.5.083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/neurol.5.083","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Neonatal seizures are associated with neurodevelopmental impairments. Implementing long-term video-EEG monitoring in the neonatal intensive care unit became the gold standard for seizure diagnosis. During the neonatal period, seizures can be associated with an acute brain insult called acute symptomatic seizures (ASS) or being part of neonatal epilepsy that may have a structural, metabolic, or genetic cause. This distinction impacts patient workup and management. Objectives: To facilitate a guide to differentiate ASS from neonatal epilepsy, and to correlate different electroclinical seizure patterns with a specific etiology. Methods: A narrative review was performed. MEDLINE, Embase, and PubMed were used to gather data for this narrative review. The following keywords were applied to focus on original research and case reports: epileptic encephalopathy, developmental Epileptic encephalopathy and neonatal seizures, neonatal genetic encephalopathies, Otahara syndrome, neonatal channelopathies, and neonatal seizure classification. Conclusions: Strict electroclinical semiology is the backbone for diagnosing neonatal seizures. The EEG and ictal semiology help with the diagnosis and the treatment. The neonatal seizure classification should be expanded to include the EEG pattern. Lumping them in a better classificatory system will prevent unnecessary and hazardous medication.","PeriodicalId":73744,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental neurology","volume":"66 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140481193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Definition and Characteristics of Multiple Sclerosis with Predominant Cognitive Presentation 以认知为主要表现的多发性硬化症的定义和特征

Journal of experimental neurology Pub Date : 2024-01-30 DOI: 10.33696/neurol.5.086

Amanda Fiori Cavassani, Álix Djone Berté, Andressa Ribeiro Pinto, Marcus Vinicius Magno Gonçalves, Gabriel de Deus Vieira

引用次数: 0

Diagnosis and Treatment of Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus and Repeated Subdural Hematoma and Effusion after Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt in the Elderly: A Case Report 老年人脑室腹腔分流术后正常压力脑积水和反复硬膜下血肿及渗出的诊断与治疗：病例报告

Journal of experimental neurology Pub Date : 2024-01-30 DOI: 10.33696/neurol.5.085

Qing-Yong Wang, Qingjun Li

{"title":"Diagnosis and Treatment of Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus and Repeated Subdural Hematoma and Effusion after Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt in the Elderly: A Case Report","authors":"Qing-Yong Wang, Qingjun Li","doi":"10.33696/neurol.5.085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/neurol.5.085","url":null,"abstract":"Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a special type of hydrocephalus that is characterized by cognitive decline, gait disturbance, and urinary incontinence. It can lead to dementia and bedridden within 1-3 years. Without surgical treatment in time, the prognosis was bleak. We report an iNPH case misdiagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease, with a disease course of 3 years. The main manifestations of the patient were walking impairment, memory loss, urinary incontinence, repeated falls, and hallucinations, bedridden in the late stage, with a modified Rankin Scale (mRS):5. After undergoing the ventriculoperitoneal shunt, due to the low shunt pressure, the patient developed severe headache, repeated and severe subdural hemorrhage and effusion. After adjusting the shunt pressure in time, the patient recovered well with an mRS: 3, which was inconsistent with the previous belief that the operation was ineffective for patients with a disease course of more than 3 years. This case suggests that elderly patients with iNPH can still benefit from timely surgery even if the disease course of more than 3 years. Special attention should be paid after the operation, and the CSF shunt pressure should avoid setting too low, which may induce serious complications such as subdural hemorrhage or effusion.","PeriodicalId":73744,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental neurology","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140484582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Case Report of Rheumatoid Meningitis – A Rare Condition Presenting with Neurological Deficits 类风湿性脑膜炎病例报告--一种表现为神经功能缺损的罕见疾病

Journal of experimental neurology Pub Date : 2024-01-10 DOI: 10.33696/neurol.4.081

Arun Swaminathan, Arvind Ramesh

引用次数: 0

CCR3 Expression in Relation to Delayed Microbleeds in a Rat Model of Large Vessel Occlusion. 大血管闭塞大鼠模型中 CCR3 表达与延迟性微出血的关系

Journal of experimental neurology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.33696/neurol.5.082

Sydney M Claypoole, Jacqueline A Frank, Sarah J Messmer, Keith R Pennypacker

{"title":"CCR3 Expression in Relation to Delayed Microbleeds in a Rat Model of Large Vessel Occlusion.","authors":"Sydney M Claypoole, Jacqueline A Frank, Sarah J Messmer, Keith R Pennypacker","doi":"10.33696/neurol.5.082","DOIUrl":"10.33696/neurol.5.082","url":null,"abstract":"Thirty percent of ischemic stroke patients develop vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) within 1 year of stroke onset. The expression of C-C motif chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3) is associated with endothelial dysfunction and memory impairment. CCR3 has been reported to increase after experimental stroke and in human stroke patients. Using an in vivo model of stroke, our study aims to link CCR3 expression with endothelial dysfunction in this rodent stroke model.Methods: 5-hour transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (5t-MCAO) or sham surgery was performed on rats and tissue collected at 3- and 30-days post-stroke. We measured the change in expression of CCR3 and its ligands in the venous blood before and after occlusion in the rat model.Immunohistochemistry was performed on consecutive coronal brain sections using Prussian blue to visualize microbleeds and DAB to visualize CCR3. Images were quantified using HALO.Results: Using linear regression, we found that increased expression of CCR3 and its ligands after stroke were positively correlated with infarct volume. CCR3 expression was significantly increased in the ipsilateral hemisphere at 30 days post 5t-MCAO. Prussian blue staining was significantly increased in ipsilateral sections at 30 days post-stroke. Immunostaining for CCR3 was primarily detected in endothelium in areas of Prussian blue staining.Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that CCR3 expression is associated with the presence of microbleeds at 30 days but not 3 days post-stroke in the ipsilateral hemisphere, and further supports the link between CCR3 and the endothelial dysfunction that is associated with VCID. CCR3 and its inflammatory pathway is a potential target for reducing endothelial dysfunction after ischemic stroke that may lead to VCID.","PeriodicalId":73744,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental neurology","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10852049/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139708746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cerebrovascular Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease and Transgenic Rodent Models. 阿尔茨海默病和转基因啮齿动物模型中的脑血管功能障碍

Journal of experimental neurology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.33696/neurol.5.087

Xing Fang, Fan Fan, Jane J Border, Richard J Roman

{"title":"Cerebrovascular Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease and Transgenic Rodent Models.","authors":"Xing Fang, Fan Fan, Jane J Border, Richard J Roman","doi":"10.33696/neurol.5.087","DOIUrl":"10.33696/neurol.5.087","url":null,"abstract":"Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Alzheimer's Disease-Related Dementia (ADRD) are the primary causes of dementia that has a devastating effect on the quality of life and is a tremendous economic burden on the healthcare system. The accumulation of extracellular beta-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and intracellular hyperphosphorylated tau-containing neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in the brain are the hallmarks of AD. They are also thought to be the underlying cause of inflammation, neurodegeneration, brain atrophy, and cognitive impairments that accompany AD. The discovery of APP, PS1, and PS2 mutations that increase Aβ production in families with early onset familial AD led to the development of numerous transgenic rodent models of AD. These models have provided new insight into the role of Aβ in AD; however, they do not fully replicate AD pathology in patients. Familial AD patients with mutations that elevate the production of Aβ represent only a small fraction of dementia patients. In contrast, those with late-onset sporadic AD constitute the majority of cases. This observation, along with the failure of previous clinical trials targeting Aβ or Tau and the modest success of recent trials using Aβ monoclonal antibodies, has led to a reappraisal of the view that Aβ accumulation is the sole factor in the pathogenesis of AD. More recent studies have established that cerebral vascular dysfunction is one of the earliest changes seen in AD, and 67% of the candidate genes linked to AD are expressed in the cerebral vasculature. Thus, there is an increasing appreciation of the vascular contribution to AD, and the National Institute on Aging (NIA) and the Alzheimer's Disease Foundation recently prioritized it as a focused research area. This review summarizes the strengths and limitations of the most commonly used transgenic AD animal models and current views about the contribution of Aβ accumulation versus cerebrovascular dysfunction in the pathogenesis of AD.","PeriodicalId":73744,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental neurology","volume":"5 2","pages":"42-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10906803/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140023598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Protein Citrullination in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Other Neurodegenerative Diseases. 肌萎缩性侧索硬化症和其他神经退行性疾病的瓜氨酸化蛋白。

Journal of experimental neurology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.33696/neurol.5.101

Issa O Yusuf, Webb Camille, Paul R Thompson, Zuoshang Xu

{"title":"Protein Citrullination in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Other Neurodegenerative Diseases.","authors":"Issa O Yusuf, Webb Camille, Paul R Thompson, Zuoshang Xu","doi":"10.33696/neurol.5.101","DOIUrl":"10.33696/neurol.5.101","url":null,"abstract":"Protein citrullination (PC) is a posttranslational modification (PTM) that converts a peptidyl arginine into a peptidyl citrulline. Aberrant PC is a hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, prion disease, and multiple sclerosis. Common among these diseases is a dramatic increase of PC in reactive astrocytes. Some citrullinated proteins have been identified. The most prominent are astrocytic cytoskeletal proteins such as GFAP and vimentin, and myelin protein MBP. Recent investigation in ALS has revealed new changes, including a decreased PC in neurons and an association of PC with myelin protein aggregates. These findings suggest that PC contributes to protein aggregation, neuronal dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and axonal degeneration. However, how PC impact neurodegeneration remains to be understood. Further studies are needed to understand a range of questions, from how PC modulates individual protein functions to its impact on diseases. Because of the PC's robust changes in neurodegenerative diseases, there are also prospects that this PTM may be harnessed as biomarkers, and modulation of this PTM may be an avenue for therapy. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of PC in ALS and other neurodegenerative diseases, the investigative methods for PC, and PC's potential as a biomarker and a therapeutic target.","PeriodicalId":73744,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental neurology","volume":"5 4","pages":"183-191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11661818/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142878334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Association of Conformationally Altered Tau with α-1-antichymotrypsin in the Nuclei of Neurons in the Alzheimer's Disease Brain 阿尔茨海默病大脑神经元细胞核中构象改变的 Tau 与 α-1-antichymotrypsin 的关系

Journal of experimental neurology Pub Date : 2023-11-24 DOI: 10.33696/neurol.4.080

Perla H. Horta-López, Jan Rícny, B. Florán-Garduño, F. García-Sierra

{"title":"Association of Conformationally Altered Tau with α-1-antichymotrypsin in the Nuclei of Neurons in the Alzheimer's Disease Brain","authors":"Perla H. Horta-López, Jan Rícny, B. Florán-Garduño, F. García-Sierra","doi":"10.33696/neurol.4.080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/neurol.4.080","url":null,"abstract":"Conformational changes of Tau have been described to occur during its fibrillary and non-fibrillary aggregation inside neurons affected in the brain of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. Two consecutive conformations have been described during the progression of the disease: an early conformation detected with the Alz-50 antibody, recognizing Tau molecules folding its amino terminus over its third repeated domain, and a later conformation involving the bending of the proline-rich region over the third repeated domain. α-1-antichymotrypsin (ACT) is an acute phase serum glycoprotein that is overexpressed in the brain of AD cases and associated with extracellular amyloid-ß aggregates. We have recently reported that in a large population of neurons affected in AD brains, Tau protein undergoing the conformational change detected by Tau-66 antibody accumulates as non-fibrillary aggregates and colocalizes with extensive accumulations of granular diffuse intracellular deposits of ACT. In this report, we further analyzed Tau-ACT interactions in the neurons from the hippocampus of AD brains. By using superresolution confocal microscopy and quantitative colocalization analysis, we corroborated the mutual association and mislocalization of conformationally altered Tau protein and ACT to the nuclear compartment. These results suggest that ACT can play an abnormal pathological role in AD by contributing to the abnormal transport of truncated and conformationally altered Tau protein to the nucleus.","PeriodicalId":73744,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental neurology","volume":"104 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139239491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Change in Prevalence of Meningitis among Children with Febrile Seizure after the Pentavalent Vaccination 五价疫苗接种后发热性惊厥儿童脑膜炎患病率的变化

Journal of experimental neurology Pub Date : 2023-11-14 DOI: 10.33696/neurol.4.079

Shadi Shiva, Shokoufeh Khanzadeh, Vahid Shohanizad, Arshin Ghaedi, Brandon Lucke-Wold

{"title":"Change in Prevalence of Meningitis among Children with Febrile Seizure after the Pentavalent Vaccination","authors":"Shadi Shiva, Shokoufeh Khanzadeh, Vahid Shohanizad, Arshin Ghaedi, Brandon Lucke-Wold","doi":"10.33696/neurol.4.079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/neurol.4.079","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: One of the most significant current discussions in pediatrics is whether lumbar puncture (LP) should be performed in children with febrile seizure (FS) as in the past. Objectives: We compared the prevalence of meningitis among FS children before and after the pentavalent vaccine to determine the importance of the LP in these children. Methods: We performed a retrospective cross-sectional study on the prevalence and etiology of bacterial meningitis (BM) in 1314 children with FS before and after pentavalent vaccination. Results: We found that complex FS was more prevalent in patients aged under 12 months compared to other patients. The peak incidence of aseptic meningitis and BM was in the age group of 12- to18- and 18- to 36-month-old, respectively (P value <0.001 and <0.05, respectively). Children with complex FS had a significantly higher rate of BM and a lower rate of seizure recurrence than those with simple FS (P value <0.05). There was a significant relationship between getting the pentavalent vaccine and reducing the prevalence of BM and Hib-induced BM, but no SP-induced BM (P value <0.05 and 0.05 and 0.104, respectively). Conclusion: This study offers some insights into the effectiveness of the pentavalent vaccine. In addition, the low prevalence of BM in vaccinated FS cases does not support strong recommendations for LP in FS children.","PeriodicalId":73744,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental neurology","volume":"17 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134991530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0