Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Chemical and Biological Changes Under Force Degradation and Acceleration Condition of the Combination of Ha-Rak Remedy, <i>Piper betle,</i> and <i>Garcinia mangostana</i> Extracts for Atopic Dermatitis.","authors":"Ubonwan Saesiw, Srisopa Ruangnoo, Arunporn Itharat, Pattama Sriumpai","doi":"10.1155/2024/4297596","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/4297596","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Herbal medicine could be an option for atopic dermatitis (AD) treatment for those suffering from global public health. HMB is a new combination of three herb extracts, consisting of the Ha-Rak (HR) remedy extract, <i>Piper betle</i> (PB) extract, and <i>Garcinia mangostana</i> (GM) extract in equal proportions, using Thai traditional medicine theory, that uses a combination of medications that can improve therapeutic efficacy and reduce side effects and toxicity. HMB extract has anti-inflammatory and antiallergic properties, is a component for AD treatment, and tends to develop topical products. Drug registration requires stability data. Results from drug stability testing affect not only the efficacy of the drug but also its safety. The aim of this study was to investigate stability through forced degradation and an accelerated study of extracts. Chemical content analysis and <i>in vitro</i> biological activities such as anti-inflammatory and antiallergic activities determined the effects of all examined samples. Anti-inflammatory and antiallergic effects were assessed by inhibiting nitric oxide synthesis in RAW 264.7 cells and <i>β</i>-hexosaminidase release in RBL-2H3 cells, respectively. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assessed content indicators. Moisture and temperature hydrolysis had no significant differences in the chemical or biological properties of the HMB. However, the HMB demonstrated sensitivity to alkaline hydrolysis, showed low anti-inflammatory activity, and decreased hydroxychavicol, eugenol, and <i>α</i>-mangostin contents. The contents of the three compounds also decrease with acid hydrolysis. For the accelerated study, anti-inflammatory and antiallergic effects and hydroxychavicol amount were not significantly different after 180 days at 40°C and 75% RH. Therefore, the contents of eugenol and <i>α</i>-mangostin were changed. Eugenol in HMB decreased significantly from the 15^th day until the 180^th day of storage. In addition, <i>α</i>-mangostin amounts in HMB decreased slightly on 180^th day. Fortunately, reducing the two chemicals did not affect anti-inflammatory or antiallergic effects. For stability, combination extract should be stored in a closed container in the refrigerator at a low temperature and protected from light, high temperature, oxygen, and pH. Further HMB development should avoid pH or oxidation processes or components.</p>","PeriodicalId":7369,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"2024 ","pages":"4297596"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11535183/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142580959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>In Vitro</i> Evaluation of Wound Healing, Stemness Potentiation, Antioxidant Activity, and Phytochemical Profile of <i>Cucurbita moschata</i> Duchesne Fruit Pulp Ethanolic Extract.","authors":"Preeyaporn Plaimee Phiboonchaiyanan, Saraporn Harikarnpakdee, Thanapat Songsak, Verisa Chowjarean","doi":"10.1155/2024/9288481","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/9288481","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wound healing comprises an intricate process to repair damaged tissue. Research on plant extracts with properties to expedite wound healing has been of interest, particularly their ability to enhance the stemness of keratinocyte stem cells. Hence, the present study aims to determine the wound healing and stemness potentiation properties of an ethanolic extract derived from <i>Cucurbita moschata</i> fruit pulp (PKE). Human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and primary skin fibroblast cells were used in this study. The migration of the cells was examined by using a scratch wound healing assay, and spheroid behavior was determined by using a spheroid formation assay. The proteins related to migration and stemness were further measured by using Western blotting to explore the mechanism of action of PKE. The methods used to evaluate PKE's antioxidant properties were 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging, ABTS radical scavenging activity, and superoxide anion radical scavenging (SOSA) assays. The phytochemistry of the PKE was investigated using phytochemical screening and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. The results of this study indicate that nontoxic concentrations of PKE increase the rate of migration and spheroid formation. Mechanistically, PKE increased the expression of the migratory-related protein active FAK (phosphorylated FAK), and the subsequence increased the level of p-AKT. The expression of stem cell marker CD133, upstream protein signaling <i>β</i>-catenin, and self-renewal transcription factor Nanog was increased. The PKE also possessed scavenging properties against DPPH, ABTS, and SOSA. The phytochemistry analyses exhibited the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, xanthones, triterpenes, and steroids. Additionally, bioactive compounds such as ɑ-tocopherol, riboflavin, protocatechuic acid, <i>β</i>-carotene, and luteolin were detected. The presence of these chemicals in PKE may contribute to its antioxidant, stem cell potentiation, and wound-healing effects. The findings could be beneficial in the identification of valuable natural resources that possess the capacity to be used in the process of wound healing through the potentiation of stemness via a readily detectable molecular mechanism.</p>","PeriodicalId":7369,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"2024 ","pages":"9288481"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11535185/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142580934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Anti-Inflammatory Potential of <i>Ajuga integrifolia</i> Leaves Extract: In Vitro Dual Inhibition of Cyclooxygenase and Lipoxygenase Enzymes.","authors":"Sisay Awoke Endalew, Belete Tesfaw Abebaw","doi":"10.1155/2024/2938314","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/2938314","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the anti-inflammatory properties of <i>Ajuga integrifolia</i>, an herbal preparation. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analyses were conducted to identify active compounds in the preparation. The researchers also assessed its ability to inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory enzymes, cyclooxygenases (COX-1, COX-2), and lipoxygenase (5-LOX) in vitro. The extracts demonstrated dose-dependent inhibition of these enzymes, with some extracts showing IC₅₀ values comparable to standard anti-inflammatory drugs. The ethanol extract exhibited significant inhibition of 5-LOX (52.99 μg/mL), compared to the standard drug zileuton (32.41 μg/mL), while the inhibition of COX-1 (66.00 μg/mL) and COX-2 (71.62 μg/mL) was comparable to the standard drug indomethacin (40.57 and 54.39 μg/mL, respectively). These findings suggest that <i>A. integrifolia</i> has the potential to be used as a herbal remedy for treating inflammatory conditions. By inhibiting pro-inflammatory enzymes, the extracts may effectively reduce inflammation and promote tissue healing or repair. The inhibition potential of extract of this plant can be taken as a good candidate of anti-inflammatory agent.</p>","PeriodicalId":7369,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"2024 ","pages":"2938314"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11535186/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142581061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Ganoderma tuberculosum</i> Liquid Culture With Vineyard Pruning Extracts for Bioactive Composite Production With Antiproliferative Activity.","authors":"Lucia T Angulo-Sanchez, María C Cruz-Félix, Max Vidal-Gutiérrez, Heriberto Torres-Moreno, Óscar A Muñoz-Bernal, Emilio Álvarez-Parrilla, Ramón E Robles-Zepeda, Osiris Álvarez-Bajo, Aldo Gutiérrez, Martín Esqueda","doi":"10.1155/2024/5245451","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/5245451","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Ganoderma</i> species have been studied for their pharmacological approaches, such as anticancer, antitumor, antiproliferative, and antioxidant activity. Elicitors are used to increase <i>Ganoderma</i> bioactive composite production. This study aims to evaluate the antiproliferative activity of ethanolic extracts from mycelium of <i>Ganoderma tuberculosum (G. tuberculosum)</i> grown in a liquid medium with vineyard pruning waste (VPW) extracts as elicitors. Ethanolic and aqueous VPW extracts contain resveratrol dimer 4, resveratrol tetramer 1, and naringenin, while toluene and chloroform extracts contain tetradecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, and octadecanoic acid. Polar and nonpolar extracts could be promising elicitors for increasing bioactive molecules. Catechin gallate showed the highest correlation (<i>r</i> = 0.66) with biomass. Mycelial ethanolic extracts of <i>G. tuberculosum</i> (native strain from the Sonoran Desert) and <i>Ganoderma lucidum</i> (<i>G. lucidum</i>) (control) were analyzed by ESI-IT-MS, and 27 molecules were identified for the two species. They showed antiproliferative activity against the A549 and C-33 A cell lines but not for ARPE-19. <i>G. tuberculosum</i> culture with VPW had quinic acid, ganodermenonol, ganoderic acid I (GA-I), C2 (GA-C2), and 20-hydroxylucidenic acid P, among others. Molecular docking of ganodermenonol, GA-I, and GA-C2 demonstrates significant interaction with tumor necrotic factor (TNF-<i>α</i>). These ethanolic extracts of <i>Ganoderma</i> are promising sources of bioactive triterpenoids. Their antiproliferative activity did not change between species or treatment. Likewise, the <i>G. tuberculosum</i> and <i>G. lucidum</i> extracts only affected cancer cell lines. This property seems promising for pharmacological applications of these fungal extracts.</p>","PeriodicalId":7369,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"2024 ","pages":"5245451"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11527534/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142556886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Evaluation of an Orodispersible Tablet Formation for the Delivery of a Hydrophobic Drug.","authors":"Razan Haddad, Ahmed R Gardouh","doi":"10.1155/2024/7914860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/7914860","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Orodispersible tablet (ODT) is a promising avenue for drug delivery, offering a dosage form that can be disintegrated instantaneously in the mouth and released the drug that dissolves or disperses in the saliva without the addition of water. ODT can effectively boost the dissolution rate and consequently the bioavailability of several hydrophobic drugs. Additionally, ODT is very attractive and suitable for specific patients who are unable to swallow the traditional tablet. The basic approach in the fabrication of oral tablets for hydrophobic drugs relies on the utilization of superdisintegrants which allow prompt disintegration of tablets after swallowing. In the present investigation, escitalopram oxalate was chosen as a model drug, which is a hydrophobic, antidepressant, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) drug. Nine formulas of escitalopram oxalate ODTs were prepared by varying the concentrations of three different superdisintegrants: sodium starch glycolate, croscarmellose sodium, and crospovidone to improve the dissolution and release of escitalopram oxalate. Each was used in three different concentrations (2.5%, 5%, and 7.5%), and all the ODTs were prepared by the direct compression method. The micrometric characterization of the powder blend used in the formulations was investigated such as angle of repose, bulk and tapped densities, compressibility percent (Carr's index), and Hausner ratio. Furthermore, the prepared ODTs were characterized in terms of weight variation, thickness, diameter, hardness, friability, in vitro disintegration, wetting time, water absorption ratio, drug content, in vitro dissolution, and accelerated stability study. The results showed that the formula (ODT9) that contained 7.5% of the superdisintegrant sodium starch glycolate had superior characteristics in almost all the tests, with a dissolution rate of 100% after 6 minutes. Also, it was stable under the accelerated stability conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":7369,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"2024 ","pages":"7914860"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11502129/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142492806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microencapsulation Techniques in HIV Pediatric Formulations: Advances and Future Outlook.","authors":"Nnamdi Ikemefuna Okafor","doi":"10.1155/2024/5081655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/5081655","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in children has persistently been complex and tedious on a global scale. This is because adult and pediatric HIV treatments follow a similar therapeutic approach. Due to the dearth of clinically licensed pediatric antiretroviral drug (ARVD) therapy, children with HIV worldwide are prescribed unlicensed drugs each year. This has triggered likelihood of poor drug adherence, therapeutic failure, and even adverse reactions brought on by a variety of factors, including pill size and quantity, which is the main cause of swallowing difficulties, repeated administration of these various ARVDs, many of which have poor solubility and cause severe side effects in children, and unpalatability of the drug, which is one of the criteria for pediatric formulations. Thus, there is a necessity for investigation into several advanced microencapsulation techniques that could curb these challenges. Microencapsulation techniques have explored in drug delivery for encapsulation and manufacture of different nanoparticles that have shown significant potential in mitigating and surmounting different constraints, such as taste masking, enhanced drug solubility and bioavailability, and production of micronized fine powders for treatment of varying diseases. Nevertheless, the usage of these technologies in HIV pediatric formulations has garnered relatively little attention. Thus, this review has paid a keen interest in examining several microencapsulation strategies for potential utilization in the development of HIV pediatric formulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":7369,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"2024 ","pages":"5081655"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11483870/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142455770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential Nephroprotective Effect of Kaempferol: Biosynthesis, Mechanisms of Action, and Clinical Prospects.","authors":"Maulana Yusuf Alkandahri, Asman Sadino, Barolym Tri Pamungkas, Zulpakor Oktoba, Maya Arfania, Nia Yuniarsih, Eko Sri Wahyuningsih, Yuliani Dewi, Sri Ayu Winarti, Sri Tantia Dinita","doi":"10.1155/2024/8907717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/8907717","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Kidney is an essential organ that is highly susceptible to cellular injury caused by various toxic substances in the blood. Several studies have shown that untreated injuries to this organ can cause glomerulosclerosis, tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and tubular cell apoptosis, leading to kidney failure. Despite significant advancements in modern treatment, there is no fully effective drug for repairing its function, providing complete protection, and assisting in cell regeneration. Furthermore, some available medications have been reported to exacerbate injuries, showing the need to explore alternative treatments. Natural drugs are currently being explored as a new therapeutic strategy for managing kidney diseases. Kaempferol, a polyphenol found in plants, including vegetables, legumes, and fruits, has been extensively studied in various nephrotoxicity protocols. The compound has been reported to have potential as a nephroprotective agent with beneficial effects on various physiological pathways, such as CPL-induced kidney injury, DOX, LPO, ROS, RCC, and diabetic nephropathy. Therefore, this study aims to provide a brief overview of the current nephroprotective effects of kaempferol, as well as its molecular mechanisms of action, biosynthesis pathways, and clinical prospects.</p>","PeriodicalId":7369,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"2024 ","pages":"8907717"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11458287/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142387227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Bilayer Scaffold Containing Chitosan/Gelatin/Diclofenac and Bovine Hydroxyapatite on Cartilage/Subchondral Regeneration in Rabbit Joint Defect Models.","authors":"Andhi Suyatno, Wa O Nurfinti, Chika P A Kusuma, Yusuf A Pratama, Chrismawan Ardianto, Samirah Samirah, Erreza Rahadiansyah, Junaidi Khotib, Aniek S Budiatin","doi":"10.1155/2024/6987676","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/6987676","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Subchondral defects are often caused by trauma involving cartilage damage, leading to subsequent damage to the underlying bone, specifically the subchondral region. Bilayer scaffolds made from biomaterials, such as bovine hydroxyapatite, possess biocompatible and biodegradable properties that mimic the natural environmental conditions of target tissues so that they can support the formation of new tissues. On the other side, diclofenac as an anti-inflammatory drug potentiates to inhibit the inflammatory excess regarding the damage. This study aims to study the effectiveness of diclofenac scaffold to rabbit joint defect model. The scaffold was implanted in the rabbit femoral trochlear bone hole, which had a diameter of 5 mm and a depth of 4 mm. After 28 days of intervention, the animals were examined using macroscopic evaluation, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for type I collagen and type II collagen. Subsequently, the cartilage was evaluated using the International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) scoring system. The macroscopic ICRS scores were significantly higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in the bilayer scaffold implantation group compared to the monolayer scaffold and control groups. Histological ICRS scores were also significantly higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in the bilayer scaffold group compared to the control group. Type II collagen expression was higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in the bilayer scaffold group compared to the monolayer scaffold and control groups, although type I collagen expression was lower in comparison. In conclusion, this research suggests that the diclofenac-loaded bilayer scaffold effectively enhances cartilage and subchondral bone regeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":7369,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"2024 ","pages":"6987676"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11449564/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142370731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cilostazol Combats Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Hippocampal Injury in Rats: Role of AKT/GSK3<i>β</i>/CREB Curbing Neuroinflammation.","authors":"Doaa Abou El-Ezz, Waleed Aldahmash, Tuba Esatbeyoglu, Sherif M Afifi, Marawan Abd Elbaset","doi":"10.1155/2024/3465757","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/3465757","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuroinflammation is important in the pathophysiology of several degenerative brain disorders. This study looked at the potential neuroprotective benefits of cilostazol, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, against LPS-induced hippocampus damage in rodents and the principal molecular involvement of AKT/GSK3<i>β</i>/CREB signaling pathways. Behavioral tests revealed that cilostazol successfully corrected LPS-induced neurobehavioral impairments. Furthermore, cilostazol therapy lowered hippocampal levels of amyloid beta 1-42 (A<i>β</i>1-42) and p-tau protein, both of which are critical pathological indicators of neurodegenerative disorders. Furthermore, cilostazol administration suppressed LPS-induced rises in hippocampus caspase-3 and NF-<i>κ</i>B levels while elevating rat B-cell/lymphoma 2 (BCL2) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, which are implicated in neuronal survival and synaptic plasticity. Cilostazol treatment also restored the decreased phosphorylation of protein kinase B (p-AKT) and reduced the elevated levels of phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (p-GSK3<i>β</i>) and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) in the hippocampus of LPS-treated rats. Histopathological examination revealed that cilostazol ameliorated LPS-induced brain damage with reduced neuronal loss and gliosis. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed a decrease in Iba-1 expression, indicating a reduction in microglial activation in the cilostazol-treated group compared to the LPS group. The findings advocate that cilostazol exerts neuroprotective effects against LPS-induced hippocampal injury by modulating the AKT/GSK3<i>β</i>/CREB pathway and curbing neuroinflammation. Cilostazol may hold promise as a therapeutic agent for neuroinflammatory conditions associated with neurodegenerative diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":7369,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"2024 ","pages":"3465757"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11449543/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142370730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness and Safety of the Coadministration of Rifampin and Warfarin versus Direct Oral Anticoagulants: A Cohort Study.","authors":"Ju-Chieh Wung, Chia-Chen Hsu, Chi-En Wang, Yaa-Hui Dong, Chia-Chieh Lin, Szu-Yu Wang, Shih-Lin Chang, Yuh-Lih Chang","doi":"10.1155/2024/9694592","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/9694592","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Pharmacokinetic studies have shown that rifampin reduces the levels of oral anticoagulants during the initiation of coadministration, raising concerns about an increased thrombotic risk, but there are limited comparative clinical outcomes between rifampin and warfarin compared with direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of concurrent use of rifampin and warfarin versus DOACs, with assessments of outcome-associated factors and oral anticoagulant (OAC) management quality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 142 patients given rifampin plus warfarin (<i>n</i> = 56) or DOACs (<i>n</i> = 86) for over 7 days were included, and their clinical data and outcomes were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median Charlson Comorbidity Index and HAS-BLED (hypertension, abnormal renal/liver function, stroke, bleeding history or predisposition, labile INR, elderly, drugs/alcohol concomitantly) score of the two groups were 2 and 3, respectively. The incidence rate of composite ischemic or thromboembolic events was 2.16 and 1.44 per 10,000 patient-days in the warfarin and DOAC groups, respectively, with an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 0.41 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.02-7.34). The incidence rate of composite major bleeding or clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding events was 1.58 and 1.52 per 10,000 patient-days in the warfarin and DOAC groups, respectively, with an adjusted HR of 1.12 (95% CI 0.32-4.45). The risk of composite bleeding events increased with a higher HAS-BLED score (HR: 1.62, 95% CI: 1.02-2.63). Moreover, 34.3% of warfarin users maintained a percent time in therapeutic range of above 50%. Furthermore, 77.9% of DOAC users received appropriate dosing.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>No significant differences were observed in terms of the incidence of thrombotic or bleeding events between the two groups during coadministration. In addition, a higher HAS-BLED score was associated with a greater risk of bleeding events regardless of the class of OACs used. Finally, close monitoring of bleeding events should be considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":7369,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"2024 ","pages":"9694592"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11446616/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142363948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}