Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences最新文献

{"title":"The Ethanol-Insoluble Low-Molecular-Weight Fraction LEP-4 Derived From <i>Lentinula edodes</i> Mycelia Extract Attenuates Oxaliplatin-Evoked Allodynia in Mice.","authors":"Masanobu Tsubaki, Taira Matsuo, Rie Komori, Tomoya Takeda, Noriaki Nagai, Toshio Morikawa, Shozo Nishida","doi":"10.1155/adpp/4435116","DOIUrl":"10.1155/adpp/4435116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is an adverse event caused by drugs such as bortezomib, vincristine, paclitaxel, and oxaliplatin (L-OHP). This condition can lead to the discontinuation of anticancer drug administration and a diminished quality of life, posing a significant clinical problem. However, the only currently recognized effective treatment is duloxetine, and new therapeutic options are urgently required. <i>Lentinula edodes</i> mycelia extract (LEM) has been reported to improve CIPN in mouse models and alleviate numbness in patients with persistent neuropathy following L-OHP treatment. However, the active ingredients responsible for the attenuation of neuropathy remain unknown. We extracted the fractions from LEM, and an L-OHP-evoked allodynia mouse model was used to investigate which fraction contained the active ingredient. LEM was separated into an ethanol-soluble fraction (LES), an ethanol-insoluble fraction (LEP), and LEM(-), a hot water extract from the LEM-free medium. LEP abolished L-OHP-evoked allodynia, whereas LES and LEM(-) did not. In addition, fractionation of LEP based on molecular weight sieving yielded fractions LEP-1 (molecular weight ≥ 100,000) and LEP-2 (molecular weight < 100,000), the latter of which was found to inhibit L-OHP-evoked allodynia. Similarly, fractionation of LEP-2 gave rise to LEP-3 (molecular weight 3500-50,000) and LEP-4 (molecular weight ≤ 3500), the former of which had no inhibitory effects on L-OHP-evoked allodynia, whereas an inhibitory effect was observed in response to the administration of LEP-4. In addition, LEP-4 was found to abrogate the expression of NR2A and Cav3.2 mRNAs in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG), and inhibited the activation of extracellular regulated-protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) in both the spinal cord and DRG. Moreover, oral administration of 0.25 g/kg LEP-4 ameliorated allodynia, which had developed following L-OHP administration. These findings indicate that the active component preventing CIPN in LEM resides in LEP-4. This compound has prophylactic and therapeutic potential for L-OHP-evoked allodynia by abrogating NR2A and Cav3.2 mRNA expression and activating ERK1/2.</p>","PeriodicalId":7369,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"2026 ","pages":"4435116"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13479112/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148787018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bazedoxifene and Beyond: Identifying This SERM's Targets and Deciphering Its Molecular Mechanisms.","authors":"Juliette Bherer, Alisson Clemenceau, Caroline Diorio, Francine Durocher","doi":"10.1155/adpp/3028716","DOIUrl":"10.1155/adpp/3028716","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bazedoxifene (BZA), a third-generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) approved for osteoporosis treatment, is attracting attention for drug repurposing, especially in cancer research. While designed primarily for estrogen receptors, BZA exhibits in vitro off-target interactions that may explain novel therapeutic benefits or account for potential side effects. This review comprehensively examines both established and newly identified targets of BZA beyond estrogen receptors. To gather relevant data, we reviewed over 1500 articles selecting key studies proposing insights into BZA targets and mechanisms. This review details BZA's roles in estrogen receptor signaling and its interactions with glycoprotein 130, elaborating on vital components of each signaling pathway. It also compiles its potential interactions with cannabinoid receptors, as well as BZA targets related to biotransformation, absorption/transport, DNA cycle, Sars-CoV-2, ferroptosis, ROS production, and cholesterol biosynthesis. For each target, we discuss evidence from computational studies, direct interaction assay, and functional testing. This work provides the most complete overview of BZA's molecular mechanisms to date and suggests new avenues for future research and potential applications beyond osteoporosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":7369,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"2026 ","pages":"3028716"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13435104/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148672823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ibuprofen and Palmitic Acid-Based Solvent Exchange-Induced In Situ Forming Matrices With Gentian Violet for Oropharyngeal Candidiasis and Periodontitis Treatment.","authors":"Thawatchai Phaechamud, Panadda Phattanawasin, Setthapong Senarat, Utsana Puapermpoonsiri, Pimjai Pimbaotham, Siriporn Jungsuttiwong, Sai Myo Thu Rein, Kritamorn Jitrangsri","doi":"10.1155/adpp/1580663","DOIUrl":"10.1155/adpp/1580663","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gentian violet (GV) is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent with documented efficacy against oropharyngeal candidiasis and periodontal pathogens, but its clinical use is limited by poor local retention. In situ forming matrices (ISMs) offer a promising strategy for sustained, localized drug delivery.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to develop and evaluate GV-loaded ISMs using ibuprofen (IBU) and palmitic acid (PA) as dual-function matrix-forming agents in DMSO and NMP solvents for the localized treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis and periodontitis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>ISM formulations were prepared by simple mixing and characterized for viscosity, rheological behavior, injectability, mechanical properties, and in situ matrix formation. In vitro drug release of GV and IBU was quantified by a validated simultaneous HPLC method using an ACE C18 column with UV detection at 590 and 222 nm, respectively. Drug-release kinetics were modeled using zero-order, first-order, Higuchi, Korsmeyer-Peppas, and Peppas-Sahlin models. Antimicrobial activity against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Candida albicans</i>, <i>C. tropicalis</i>, and <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> was assessed by agar diffusion over 15 days. Molecular interactions were investigated using density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the B3LYP-D3BJ/6-31G(d,p) level.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All formulations showed Newtonian-flow behavior and acceptable injectability (0.78-1.50 N). GV and IBU release followed the Peppas-Sahlin model, with NMP-based systems releasing GV and IBU faster due to more porous matrix architecture, while DMSO-based systems formed denser matrices with slower release. All GV-containing formulations maintained antimicrobial inhibition zones for up to 15 days. DFT calculations revealed strong GV-IBU (-1.63 eV) and GV-PA (-1.53 eV) binding energies, supporting sustained drug entrapment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>GV-loaded IBU/PA-based ISMs demonstrate sustained antimicrobial efficacy for up to 15 days with solvent-dependent release behavior. These systems show potential as localized, single-injection therapies for oral infections. Stability evaluation and in vivo biocompatibility studies are identified as necessary future steps.</p>","PeriodicalId":7369,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"2026 ","pages":"1580663"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13372568/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148468260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective Role of Linagliptin in Cisplatin-Mediated Liver Injury: Involvement of STAT3 and AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1alpha Mitochondrial Energy Sensing Networks.","authors":"Marawan A Elbaset, Bassim M S A Mohamed, Passant E Moustafa, Yosra Assem Hussien, Zeinab A El-Gendy, Sherif M Afifi, Tuba Esatbeyoglu, Alyaa Farouk Hessin, Reda Korany M S, Hany M Fayed","doi":"10.1155/adpp/6457551","DOIUrl":"10.1155/adpp/6457551","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cisplatin (Cis), a commonly used chemotherapy drug, is associated with liver toxicity, which restricts its broader clinical use. This study investigated the potential protective effects of linagliptin (Lina), a DPP-4 inhibitor, in preventing liver damage induced by Cis in rats. There were four groups of male rats: a control group, a Cis group (8 mg/kg, IP), and cotreated groups given Lina (5 and 10 mg/kg, orally) with Cis. Lina was administered daily for 15 days, with Cis injected on Day 8. Liver function, oxidative stress markers, inflammatory mediators, energy metabolism indicators, and key signaling proteins were assessed. Cis administration resulted in significant hepatotoxicity, evidenced by elevated liver enzymes, increased oxidative stress, enhanced inflammatory response, and disrupted energy metabolism. Lina treatment, particularly at the 10-mg/kg dose, demonstrated marked hepatoprotective effects. It significantly reduced liver enzyme levels, improved antioxidant status, attenuated inflammatory markers, and restored energy metabolism indicators. Moreover, Lina positively modulated essential signaling proteins involved in cellular stress response and metabolism, including signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β), silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α). The results indicate that Lina protects against Cis-induced liver damage by leveraging its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic regulation properties. This study offers new insights into potential strategies for mitigating Cis-induced hepatotoxicity and enhancing its therapeutic index in cancer treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":7369,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"2026 ","pages":"6457551"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13342701/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148410009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fingerroot Extract Oral Spray for Anticariogenic Purpose: Integration of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction and Solvent System Optimization.","authors":"Chaowalit Monton, Thaniya Wunnakup, Jirapornchai Suksaeree, Laksana Charoenchai","doi":"10.1155/adpp/5407088","DOIUrl":"10.1155/adpp/5407088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fingerroot (<i>Boesenbergia rotunda</i> (L.) Mansf.), a member of the Zingiberaceae family, exhibits anticariogenic activity against <i>Streptococcus mutans</i>. This study aimed to optimize ultrasound-assisted extraction and solvent system selection for oral spray development. Extraction conditions were optimized using a Box-Behnken design, evaluating ultrasonication time, solvent-to-solid ratio, and ethanol concentration. The optimal conditions-45-min ultrasonication, 30:1 solvent-to-solid ratio, and 85% ethanol-yielded the highest contents of pinocembrin, pinostrobin, and panduratin A. The optimized extract was then subjected to solvent system optimization using an I-optimal design to identify combinations of water, polyethylene glycol 400, and 95% ethanol for effective flavonoid recovery and solubilization. Three solvent systems (12:13:75, 10:30:60, and 6:60:34) were selected for oral spray formulation. Each formulation contained 0.03% sucralose, 0.3% menthol, 0.02% sodium methylparaben, and 0.18% sodium propylparaben. The resulting sprays demonstrated anticariogenic activity against <i>S. mutans</i>. Stability studies showed a decline in pH and flavonoid content over time, whereas viscosity and antimicrobial activity remained stable, as evidenced by inhibition zones. In summary, this study successfully combined extraction and solubilization optimization strategies to develop a fingerroot oral spray with potential anticariogenic properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":7369,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"2026 ","pages":"5407088"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13310385/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148343625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Term Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Associated With Topical Corticosteroid Use: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study in Korea.","authors":"Seungwoo Kim, Ji Hui An, In Sun Ryou, Yongho Jee","doi":"10.1155/adpp/8843438","DOIUrl":"10.1155/adpp/8843438","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Steroid-induced diabetes mellitus (SIDM) is a well-known side effect of corticosteroid agents. While diabetes induced by systemic corticosteroids has been extensively studied for over 60 years, evidence regarding the association between topical corticosteroids and Type 2 diabetes remains limited. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between topical corticosteroid use and the risk of Type 2 diabetes. A nationwide, population-based cohort study was conducted using data from the Korea National Health Insurance Service National Sample Cohort Database (NHIS-NSC2). A total of 186,057 adults without prior Type 2 diabetes were included in the cohort for follow-up. Among these, 14,944 adults who had been treated with topical corticosteroids and 171,113 adults with no history of topical corticosteroid use were included and followed prospectively for approximately 9 years. The primary outcome was the incidence of Type 2 diabetes following topical corticosteroid use, with additional analyses by frequency and potency of corticosteroid use. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) for Type 2 diabetes. The use of topical corticosteroids was significantly associated with an increased risk of Type 2 diabetes (adjusted HR [aHR] 1.13, 95% CI 1.06-1.20). The high-frequency corticosteroid group demonstrated the highest risk (aHR 1.27, 95% CI 1.09-1.48), while the moderate-potency corticosteroid group also showed a significant increase in risk (aHR 1.15, 95% CI 1.04-1.27). Notably, the diabetes risk in the moderate-potency group was comparable to that observed in the systemic corticosteroid group (aHR 1.20, 95% CI 1.14-1.26). In this study, the use of topical corticosteroids was significantly associated with the incidence of Type 2 diabetes. These findings highlight the importance of considering diabetes risk factors when prescribing topical corticosteroids.</p>","PeriodicalId":7369,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"2026 ","pages":"8843438"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13216858/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148136362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nrf2/GPX4-Dependent Ferroptosis Inhibition: The Central Mechanism Underpinning Germacrone-Induced Cardioprotection in Myocardial Infarction.","authors":"Jiaxiang Liao, Zitian Wang, Zhou Huang, Jincheng Li, Jie Yang, Chunyun Fang, Dongling Huang, Fan Wang, Xueling Lu, Yiling Zhai, Wei Wang","doi":"10.1155/adpp/7893262","DOIUrl":"10.1155/adpp/7893262","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Myocardial infarction (MI) involves a pathological process in which its association with ferroptosis is notably pronounced, and targeted regulation of ferroptosis presents a promising approach for treating MI. This work delineates the molecular basis by which the natural sesquiterpene germacrone protects against cardiomyocyte ferroptosis following isoproterenol (ISO)-induced MI. We established a murine model of ISO-induced MI, paired with an injured H9c2 cardiomyocyte model in vitro. Mice in the experimental group received daily oral germacrone (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) for 7 consecutive days. We profiled myocardial injury markers and key nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) axis proteins. The mechanism of action was confirmed by utilizing ML385, the Nrf2-specific inhibitor. Germacrone significantly reduced ISO-induced myocardial injury in mice, improving cardiac function and decreasing myocardial histopathological damage. Germacrone universally attenuated the elevation of myocardial injury and inflammatory markers in all experimental models. It also decreased the apoptosis rate of H9c2 cells. Germacrone inhibited myocardial ferroptosis and upregulated the abundance of pivotal regulatory proteins, including Nrf2, GPX4, and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), along with solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11). ML385, an Nrf2 antagonist, can block germacrone's protective effect against ISO-induced myocardial ferroptosis and reverse its upregulation of these pathway proteins. These findings provide a new potential target and experimental foundation for MI treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":7369,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"2026 ","pages":"7893262"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13202446/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148040624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of <i>Sesamum indicum</i> L. Seed Extract on Male Reproductive Parameters and In Silico Anti-Infertility Insights.","authors":"John I Ogbu, Efe Omorodion-Osagie, Funmileyi O Awobajo, Ibiyemi I Olatunji-Bello","doi":"10.1155/adpp/9519972","DOIUrl":"10.1155/adpp/9519972","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The etiological contribution of male factors to infertility remains a significant concern in reproductive health. Natural dietary products are gaining attention as promising interventions to improve male infertility. This study investigates the effects of aqueous extract of <i>Sesamum indicum</i> L<i>. (S. indicum)</i> on male reproductive parameters and potential anti-infertility mechanisms. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to five groups: a control group (distilled water), two treatment groups receiving aqueous <i>S. indicum</i> extract (1.5 and 3.0 g/kg) for 30 days, and corresponding recovery groups. Reproductive organs were assessed for weight and sperm parameters. Blood serum was analyzed for luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone, and lipid profile parameters. Incorporating in silico approaches, bioactive compounds of <i>S. indicum</i> were screened from a database, and their targets were predicted via network pharmacology, followed by functional enrichment analyses and molecular docking. Findings show that <i>S. indicum</i> significantly increased (<i>p</i> < 0.05) the weights of the hearts, adrenal glands, livers, and accessory reproductive organs. Sperm count and morphology, as well as LH and testosterone levels, were significantly increased (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Network pharmacology identified linoleic acid, oleic acid, biotin, and esculentic acid as key contributors to the extract's anti-infertility effects, potentially via interactions with EGFR, HIF1, BCL2, TNF, and AKT1. These interactions, supported by favorable binding affinities, may involve antioxidative pathways. Although the exposure duration, differences in extraction methods, paucity of experimental molecular data, and algorithmic constraints represent potential limitations, the present findings provide pharmacological insights into the therapeutic role of <i>S. indicum</i> in male infertility.</p>","PeriodicalId":7369,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"2026 ","pages":"9519972"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13200056/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148025596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanistic Insights Into House Dust Mites Immunotherapy-Induced Desensitization for Sustained Protection of Allergic Rhinitis in Mice.","authors":"Ahmad Dzulfikri Nurhan, Yu-Wen Cheng, George Hsiao, Honey Dzikri Marhaeny, Yusuf Alif Pratama, Chrismawan Ardianto, Mahardian Rahmadi, Junaidi Khotib","doi":"10.1155/adpp/7002987","DOIUrl":"10.1155/adpp/7002987","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The worldwide prevalence of allergic rhinitis (AR) is substantial and is considered a global health problem. Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is the only approach that treats the underlying cause of allergy by inducing a desensitization response to the allergen. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness and the possible desensitization mechanisms of house dust mite (HDM) allergen extract-based IT against mice models of AR. The experimental mice were divided into six groups: normal group, normal group with HDM challenge, AR group, and three AR groups that received HDM-IT at low, moderate, and high doses. The effectiveness of HDM-IT was evaluated based on nose-rubbing and sneezing behavior, IL-4 mRNA expression, eosinophil infiltration into nasal mucosal tissue, serum IgE levels, serum IgG2a levels, and serum IgE/IgG2a ratio. This study discovered that the administration of HDM-IT reduced nose-rubbing and sneezing behavior, decreased IL-4 mRNA expression and eosinophil infiltration into nasal mucosal tissue, decreased serum IgE levels, increased serum IgG2a levels, and decreased serum IgE/IgG2a ratio in AR mice. Thus, HDM-IT effectively promotes a desensitization response to HDM allergens in mouse models of AR.</p>","PeriodicalId":7369,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"2026 ","pages":"7002987"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13199593/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148025659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Anti-Nociceptive, Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Pyretic, and Anti-Arthritic Activity of Methanolic Extract of <i>Desmos chinensis</i> and Its Different Solvent Fractions: In Vivo, In Vitro, and In Silico Intervention.","authors":"Nigar Sultana Prithy, Ainun Nahar, Md Jahirul Islam Mamun, Md Hossain Rasel, Fahmida Akter, Kazi Sanjida Tahrim, Raina Islam, Md Emdadul Hossain Emon, Abu Bin Ihsan","doi":"10.1155/adpp/3277644","DOIUrl":"10.1155/adpp/3277644","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong><i>Desmos chinensis</i> (Annonaceae) is an underexplored medicinal plant from Southeast Asia with limited pharmacological validation. This study investigated, for the first time, the analgesic, anti-pyretic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-arthritic potential of the methanolic extract of <i>D. chinensis</i> leaf and its solvent-soluble fractions (n-hexane, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate) using in vivo, in vitro, and in silico approaches.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Analgesic activity was assessed using the acetic acid-induced writhing method; anti-pyretic activity was assessed using the brewer's yeast-induced pyrexia model; anti-inflammatory activity was assessed using protein denaturation; and anti-arthritic activity was assessed using the human red blood cell membrane stabilization method.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>In the writhing test, the ME and ethyl acetate fractions at 400 mg/kg produced marked analgesic effects, with 86.36% and 65.91% inhibition of writhing, respectively, compared with diclofenac (90.45%). In the anti-pyretic model, ME significantly reduced yeast-induced hyperthermia, achieving up to 100% reduction in pyrexia within 4 h at 400 mg/kg (<i>p</i> < 0.001). In vitro assays showed concentration-dependent anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activities. ME inhibited protein denaturation with an IC₅₀ of 337.42 μg/mL, while HRBC membrane stabilization revealed strong anti-arthritic potential with an IC₅₀ of 246.34 μg/mL, comparable to diclofenac sodium. Docking analysis revealed favorable interactions between phytoconstituents and inflammation-related targets.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides the first integrated pharmacological evidence that <i>D. chinensis</i> leaves possess significant analgesic, anti-pyretic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-arthritic activities. The quantitative efficacy and in silico findings highlight <i>D. chinensis</i> as a promising source of bioactive compounds, warranting further isolation, mechanistic, and preclinical investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":7369,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"2026 ","pages":"3277644"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13175195/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147961804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}