Journal of community medicine & public health最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors among Qatari Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Attending Primary Health Care Centres, 2014","authors":"Anees Alyafei, S. Osman, Nagah Selim, Noora Alkubaisi, Rajvir Singh","doi":"10.29011/2577-2228.100073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29011/2577-2228.100073","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus experience a substantial risk of cardiovascular disease owing to modifiable risk factors. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors among Qatari patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus attending primary health care centres 2014. Method: Cross sectional design was used. Total of 532 Qatari diabetic patients attending primary healthcare were enrolled. Data was collected using interview administered questionnaire, anthropometric & blood pressure measurement and medical records. Cardiovascular risk was assessed by using General Framingham Risk Prediction Score (GFRP). Results: GFRP score categorized (12.2%) of participants as low risk and (57.6%) as in high and very high risk for cardiovascular disease in 10-years. Lifestyle-related risk factors were dominant among participants. The majority of patients did not consume recommended daily fruit and vegetables (94.2%) and (91.2%) respectively. Additionally, they did not practice recommended frequency of physical activity and were currently smoking in (71.4%) and (4.1%) respectively. Metabolic factors were second common risk factors. The combined overweight and obesity were leading metabolic factors as calculated in (94%) of them. More than two thirds showed uncontrolled diabetes status and (27.6%) were within undesirable range for HDL. The third common cardiovascular disease risk factors were medical and family history. Three quarters of them found to have hyperlipidaemia and (72.7%) were with history of hypertension. The family history of premature cardiovascular disease occurrence in father and/or brother was reported in (16.9% and 13%) of participants respectively. Conclusion: Reduction of cardiovascular disease burden necessitate further focus on preventive interventions especially the lifestyle related risk factors.","PeriodicalId":73682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community medicine & public health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46942073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health Financing Trends and Universal Health Coverage","authors":"S. L. Mahajan, Sarvesh Tandon, Kartikay Mahajan, A. Kahlon","doi":"10.29011/2577-2228.100080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29011/2577-2228.100080","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: About half of world’s population still does not have full coverage of essential health services. All UN Member States have agreed to achieve universal health coverage (UHC) by 2030. UHC means that all individuals receive needed quality essential health services without financial hardship. Aim and objectives: To assess global health financing trends from year 2000 to 2014 and its projections to 2040. Material and Methods: Data collected on health spending and its projections from 1995 to 2040 were analyzed to find its trends and UHC. Results: In 2000 to 2014 PEH grew more than income. Deterioration occurred in domestic public funds and prioritization of budget for health from MDGs to SDGs, especially in LICs. Less domestic public funds were spent for PHC. In 2016, UHC index ranged from 85·7 in Switzerland to 26·9% in Somalia. Per capita health spending in 2040 was expected to be 45·9 times larger in high- income than in low-income countries. Global health-related SDG index in 2017 was 59·4. No countries projected to meet NCD and suicide SDG targets for 2030. Political economy of UHC reforms hastened the achievement of UHC. Discussion: Study 2000-2014 highlighted the role of domestic PEH. It drew attention to separate domestic public and external source expenditures. It proposed enhanced collaboration between Health policy makers, Ministries of Health and Finance; and to use domestic public funds in LMICs to help policy makers for budget allocation. Studies on health sector reforms showed the need to understand the political economy reforms. Health Ministers of all countries should incorporate health reforms in their governments. Conclusion: In LMICs, per capita PEH from domestic sources should be enhanced. The domestic public funds should be mainly spent on PHC. Advocacy for health needs to be done to influence decisions within political, economic, and social systems.","PeriodicalId":73682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community medicine & public health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69474017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community Mental Health Interventions during the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Shimnaz Nazeer, S. Issa","doi":"10.29011/2577-2228.100098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29011/2577-2228.100098","url":null,"abstract":"The Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disrupted or halted critical community mental health services in 93% of countries worldwide while the demand for mental health is increasing, according to a new World Health Organization (WHO) survey [1]. This comes at a time when an essential part of the strategy for tackling the COVID-19 infection has been self-isolation and social distancing to protect from the risk of infection and minimize spread. It is important that the population’s mental health as well as physical health is prioritized at this time. Many people are understandably worried by the current situation and may feel frightened of COVID-19, confused, anxious, or low. Others have suffered deterioration in pre-existing mental illness, while some developed new mental health issues related to lock-down rules and restrictions applied across many countries. During such times, the symptoms of depression and anxiety can often go undetected, but the impact on an individual and their loved ones must not be underestimated. We report on changes implemented in our Primary care setting during the COVID-19 pandemic to help address mental health issues in the community. Screening of all patients for anxiety and depression using the validated tools of Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2-item (GAD2) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ2) questionnaires at every clinical encounter with a doctor or nurse enabled early identification of mental health concerns, and appropriate early support. Additionally, availability of easy and no-cost accessible Mental Health telephone helplines during the COVID-19 pandemic helped reduce the mental health implications caused by the lack of face to face access to Primary care services.","PeriodicalId":73682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community medicine & public health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69474844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep Duration Related to its Effect on Blood Pressure, Blood Glucose and BMI- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"S. Bhuiyan, Housneara Begum, Kavita Panchoo, N. Khalid, Anicka Vijeyanathan, V. Effiom, S. Kaul, Sallam Saki","doi":"10.29011/2577-2228.100074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29011/2577-2228.100074","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Sleep quality and its relation with optimal health is still controversial. So, The aim was to examine and gain insight into sleep duration and its impact on blood pressure, body mass index and blood glucose in adults. Methods: No RCTs were found between 1997 to 2019. A systematic review was then performed using cohort and cross-sectional studies including quantitative and qualitative data. Results: A total of 186921 patients from 19 eligible studies were included. Significant findings were seen for patients who slept <8 hours in association with hypertension (OR 0.88; 95% CI 0.86-0.91) as well as, obesity (OR 0.78; 95% CI 0.73-0.84). No significant difference was noted regarding sleep duration and impaired blood glucose. Conclusions: There is possibly a link between shorter hours of sleep (<8 hours a night) and the development of hypertension and obesity but not impaired glucose tolerance. Further research must be conducted with consistently reproducible methods and results in order to definitively conclude causation","PeriodicalId":73682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community medicine & public health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69474420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Associated with Glycemic Control among Type 2 Diabetic Patients Attending Primary Health Care Centers in Qatar, a Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"H. Mohamed, Sadriya Al-Kohji, M. Makhlouf, S. Osman, M. Al-Kuwari, Abduljaleel Abdullatif Zainel","doi":"10.29011/2577-2228.100083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29011/2577-2228.100083","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction/Aim: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a major global public health problem affecting huge number of the population with multiple complications that decrease the quality of life and contribute to earlier mortality. A lot of evidence suggests a link between poor glycemic control, diabetic complications and poor patient’s outcome. Therefore, it is critical for us to identify factors associated with poor glycemic control among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients as we aimed by this study. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted and included 510 type 2 diabetic patients attending non-communicable disease clinics at nine primary health care centers in Qatar aiming to explore some associated factors of poor glycemic control among them. A stratified cluster sampling technique with proportional allocation was utilized. HbA1c level >7% was considered as poor control, while HbA1c ≤ 7% was categorized as good control. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Pre-coded structured interviewing questionnaire was utilized. Review of medical records was done to collect the required information. Results: About two thirds (63.7%) of patients had poor glycemic control was high. Poor glycemic control was higher among patients with duration of diabetes of ≥ 10 years (73.4%) compared to those with duration of < 5 years (51.9%) and the difference was found to be statistically significant (χ2 = 14.498, p = 0.001). also, the differences were statistically significant regarding the management strategies of diabetes and the self-monitoring of blood glucose. The relation between the number of diabetic complications and glycemic control was statistically significant with poor control of 100% among patients had > 3 complications. Patients who were on diet, oral hypoglycemic drugs and insulin had 6.90 times higher risk of having poor glycemic control compared to those who were on diet and oral hypoglycemic drugs only (OR = 6.90, CI = 3.60-13.20). Finally, patients who don’t practice selfmonitoring of blood glucose had 3.66 more risk of having poor glycemic control compared to those practicing self-monitoring of blood glucose (OR = 3.66, CI = 2.40-5.60). Conclusion: Based on the findings of the study, it can be concluded that about two thirds of patients with T2DM in Qatar had a poor glycemic control with HbA1c level of > 7%. Comorbidities were highly prevalent among them and about 25% of them were developed one or more complications of diabetes. The duration of T2DM, the strategy used in management and the self-monitoring of blood glucose are critical factors in glycemic control. Citation: Mohamed HAE, Al-Kohji SM, El-Din Makhlouf MM, Osman SO, Al-Kuwari MG, et al. (2020) Factors Associated with Glycemic Control among Type 2 Diabetic Patients Attending Primary Health Care Centers in Qatar, a Cross-Sectional Study. J Community Med Public Health 4: 183. DOI: 10.29011/2577-2228.100083 2 Volume 4; Issue 02 J Community Med Public Health, an open acce","PeriodicalId":73682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community medicine & public health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69474194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Barriers and Facilitators for Regular Physical Exercise among Adult Females: Narrative Review 2020","authors":"Anees Alyafei, Wadha Albaker","doi":"10.29011/2577-2228.100078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29011/2577-2228.100078","url":null,"abstract":"Females have a higher burden of physical inactivity compared to males. Despite the volumes of qualitative studies that investigate the facilitators and barriers for physical exercise among adults, there are few reviews on the subject. This review aims to investigate the facilitators and barriers to regular physical exercise among adult females based on existing qualitative studies. The available data, which are mostly qualitative in design, could categorize all barriers and facilitators into three themes. They are physical body related factors, psychosocial and physical exercise environmental factors. Physical body related factors include this theme is more related to determinants of gender & age, and health status of individual female. Psychosocial theme is related to social determinants of health which involve interpersonal factors, financial income & employment, educational level, and family & social support. Physical exercise environmental factors include both the workplace surroundings and accessibility to regular physical exercise facility.","PeriodicalId":73682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community medicine & public health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69473950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Journal of Community Medicine & Public Health","authors":"","doi":"10.29011/2577-2228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29011/2577-2228","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community medicine & public health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69474169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carotid Artery Stenting: A Single-Center Experience of a Tertiary Care Hospital","authors":"Refan Alajmi, Riyadh Alokaily","doi":"10.29011/2577-2228.100091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29011/2577-2228.100091","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Carotid Artery Stenting (CASt) is a method of carotid revascularization, which has developed rapidly over the last 3 decades. CASt now used as an alternative to endarterectomy. Although excellent results from centers with high-volume experience seem to demonstrate CASt as technically feasible and safe, there is an ongoing debate about the complications in terms of early outcomes in patients. Methods: This study was a retrospective study on patients diagnosed with carotid artery stenosis (CASs). The data collected from Jan 2011 to Dec 2019. The patient data screened for inclusion in the study based on findings from contrast angiography. Primary complications to be assessed were major or minor embolic stroke, cardiac arrest, and death within 30 days of the procedure. Minor stroke, myocardial infarction, acute hypotension and bradycardia, noncerebral bleeding, access-site bleeding were considered secondary outcomes. Results: A total of 77 patients were included in the study with a mean age of 74.4±11.3years. The technical procedure of CASt was 100% successful for all the patients. Overall post-procedural stroke rate at 30 days was 7.7% (six out of 77). One (1.3%) patient died due to cardiac arrest. There were two cases (2.6%) of acute hypotension and bradycardia and one case (1.3%) of Access-site bleeding within 30 days of stent implantation. Comorbid conditions were not significantly (p>0.05) associated with the post- pro cedural complications in CASt. Conclusion: In this study, we found that CASt is the most reliable technique for CASs and appears feasible and comparatively safe with least post-procedural complications. However, advanced techniques are required to further reduce the death/stroke rate within 30 days of stent implantation.","PeriodicalId":73682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community medicine & public health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69474311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CT Scan Findings of COVID-19 Infection and its Utility as Screening Tool in Lebanon","authors":"J. Ghosn, Fayssal Trad, J. Berberi, M. Hijazi, J. Dib, Layale Olaywan, Habib Jaafoury, Mahmoud, Hassoun, A. Geara","doi":"10.29011/2577-2228.100097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29011/2577-2228.100097","url":null,"abstract":"Rationale and objectives: Emerging evidence is increasingly supporting the COVID-19 diagnostic capacity of CT scan. This study aims to examine the applicability of chest CT scan for the diagnosis of COVID-19 and to determine the association between CT scan manifestations and COVID-19 infection. Patients and Methods: A retrospective study of hospital records included all patients who underwent a CT scan and RT PCR for suspected COVID-19 infection presenting to the Rafic Hariri University Hospital (RHUH) in Beirut, Lebanon between 6 March and 17 April 2020. Results: 881 patients were included in the study. COVID-19 patients were significantly more likely to be older (p value= 0.008), have moderate and severe criteria (p value <0.001), be hospitalized (p value<0.001), and die (p value= 0.004). Various CT find - ings were significantly associated with RT PCR results, including bilateral lesions (p value <0.0001), both round and non-round ground glass opacities (GGO), mixed consolidation and GGO, as well as crazy paving. Ancillary CT scan findings correlated with confirmed COVID-19 cases included subpleural line, septal thickening, reverse halo, and pleural thickening. The clinical applica - bility of chest CT scans for the diagnosis of COVID-19 was most evident in patients with moderate to severe criteria. CT scan had a sensitivity of 69.6% and a specificity of 63.7% for COVID-19, as confirmed by RT PCR. Conclusion: Chest CT shows potential as a first-line diagnostic tool for COVID-19, particularly for moderate to severe cases. Establishing disease-specific imaging patterns and reliable indicators is critical for the accurate diagnosis of COVID-19 through chest CT.","PeriodicalId":73682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community medicine & public health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69474834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monoclonal Antibodies for Migraine Treatment. What do Brazilian Patients Want from them, Know about them and How Much Would they Pay for them?","authors":"A. Krymchantowski, A. G. Krymchantowski, R. Silva-Néto, C. Jevoux","doi":"10.29011/2577-2228.100067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29011/2577-2228.100067","url":null,"abstract":"Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against CGRP are a new hope for migraine. Better adherence rates, good tolerability and effectiveness have been demonstrated. As of this writing, two has been approved in Brazil and one is likely to be shortly, but none are available. The aim of this study was to evaluate among migraineurs being treated in a tertiary center what patients want from them, know about them and how much would they pay for them? Patients with episodic migraine were interviewed about their current treatment, satisfaction, expectations and knowledge about the use of mAbs for migraine and willingness to pay for it. Seventy-nine migraine patients (67 women and 12 men) were evaluated. Regarding the use of daily preventive medications, 34.2% of the patients were very satisfied, while 65.8% were unsatisfied with such intake. The mAbs were known as migraine prophylactic treatment by 48.1% of the patients. If they could eliminate headache attacks, 77.2% of patients would switch to this new option, regardless of price and route of administration. Regarding willingness to pay, 40.5% of patients would spend US$ 250, while 59.5% up to US$ 450 each month. The mAbs are still unknown to more than half of migraine patients, despite its current treatment in a headache clinic, but two-thirds of patients would change to these pharmacological agents, even injectable and more expensive if proven more effective.","PeriodicalId":73682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community medicine & public health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47152559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}