Journal of community medicine & public health最新文献

{"title":"Health and Racial Disparities in Diabetes Mellitus Prevalence, Management, Policies, and Outcomes in the United States.","authors":"Clement G Yedjou, Jennifer N Sims, Sylvianne Njiki, Ariane M Chitoh, Manica Joseph, Ashenafi S Cherkos, Paul B Tchounwou","doi":"10.29011/2577-2228.100460","DOIUrl":"10.29011/2577-2228.100460","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a severe and chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycaemia and various complications, including cardiovascular disease. It is diagnosed when fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level is126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L) or higher [1]. Notable differences in DM prevalence are evident among populations in the United States. While DM affects 13% of the general adult population, specific groups, including American Indians/Alaska Natives (14.7%), Hispanics (12.5%), and non-Hispanic Blacks (11.7%), experience disproportionately higher rates. Conversely, lower prevalence rates are observed among non-Hispanic Asians (9.2%) and non-Hispanic Whites (7.5%). Black Americans are twice as likely to succumb to diabetes-related mortality compared to Whites [2]. The overall objective of this review article is to comprehensively address racial disparities in DM within the United States, emphasizing prevalence rates, management strategies, and health outcomes across diverse ethnic groups. To achieve this objective, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis utilizing data from nationally representative surveys, healthcare databases, and published literature spanning from 2014 to 2023. Our findings highlight significant racial disparities in DM prevalence, with minority populations, including African Americans, Hispanics, and Native Americans, consistently exhibiting higher rates than their Caucasian counterparts. Beyond prevalence, disparities extend to access to healthcare resources, diabetes education, and preventive measures. Additionally, challenges in DM management, including access to optimal treatment modalities, medication adherence, and diabetes self-management education, are identified among minority populations. Socioeconomic factors, particularly income and education, significantly contribute to these disparities. This review article contributes to the growing body of evidence guiding policymakers, healthcare professionals, and researchers in developing targeted strategies to achieve health equity in diabetes management and prevention. Addressing these disparities is crucial for fostering an inclusive and practical approach to DM care within diverse ethnic populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":73682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community medicine & public health","volume":"8 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11654833/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142856943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Initiative of Structured Mentoring and Research for Social Disadvantage Trainees to Increase Diversity and Inclusion among Clinician Scientists.","authors":"Humberto X Baquerizo, Steven M Munoz, Lauren S Sherman, Andrew Petryna, Valerie Fitzhugh, Diego Fraidenraich, Vincent Tsiagbe, Mariana S De Lorenzo, Pranela Rameshwar","doi":"10.29011/2577-2228.100409","DOIUrl":"10.29011/2577-2228.100409","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is a significant lag in integrating ethnically diverse healthcare trainees as clinician scientists. Although this gap is acknowledged, it is mostly focused physician scientists with a marked lag in dental scientists and the other healthcare fields such as the physician assistant program. We report on the outcome of three cohorts of underserved and economically disadvantaged trainees from a National Institute of Health Heart and Lung Blood Institute R25 summer training program with participants from four Rutgers Health Science schools.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The goal was to support inclusivity within clinician scientist workforce through career development and education.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We tested the hypothesis that early formal training with structured mentoring, research, career development, and didactic lectures will inspire trainees towards careers as clinician scientists. Trainees learned from the integration of research within the four health profession schools. We used a survey to assess how mentorship, research and career/educational development influence trainees' attitude for careers as clinician scientists. Career development included science communication, mentoring, data reproducibility, authorship, ethics in research, and models of healthcare institutional leadership.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>>80% of the trainees continued their engagement in research with peer-reviewed publications, with confidence to engage in scientific discussion. Trainees developed a sense of belonging and a psychological safety net as they integrate with other groups of academic fields with confidence. Among 29 contacts, 87% responded. Less than 10% of incoming trainees indicated research in their career plans, which changed to >90% after one summer.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, this training program could serve as a `blueprint' for other programs to enhance careers in research, and to narrow the diversity gap among clinician scientists. Diversity among clinician scientists will enhance healthcare and disparities, and scientific innovation. Success would narrow the diversity gap among clinician scientists.</p>","PeriodicalId":73682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community medicine & public health","volume":"8 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11614190/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142775050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Baseline Characteristics of Self-Determination Theory Constructs and Accelerometer-Derived Physical Activity: The Exercise Promotion in Primary Care (EPPC) Trial.","authors":"Deborah Rohm Young, Margo A Sidell, Jennifer J Jimenez, Edith Fauresviun, Justin N Tayag, May L Wang, Deborah A Cohen, Anny Xiang, Stephen P Fortmann","doi":"10.29011/2577-2228.100471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29011/2577-2228.100471","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Health behavior change theories provide a conceptual basis to promote physical activity, one of which is the Self-Determination Theory (SDT). This cross-sectional study compared SDT constructs, specifically exercise goal setting, exercise planning, and outcome expectations, with objectively assessed Moderate-To-Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA) among a demographically diverse cohort of adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were 18 to 74 years with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes not prescribed insulin and were physically inactive by self-report. MVPA was assessed with accelerometers. Exercise goal setting, exercise planning, outcome expectancies, and demographics were obtained by survey. Linear regression models were used to assess the association between the SDT constructs and daily MVPA, adjusted for age, gender, race and ethnicity, education, and diabetes status.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 451 participants, with a mean age of 53.2 years; 77% were women. Most (56%) reported Hispanic ethnicity, 20% were Black or African American, 18% white, and 7% other/unknown. On average, participants engaged in 24.5 (SD, 18.48) daily MPVA minutes. The cohort was most positive for exercise outcomes expectancies (mean 3.95 SD, 0.70) and least positive for exercise goal setting (mean 2.10, SD, 0.95). A 1-unit higher exercise goal setting score was associated with 3.05 (95% CI: 1.29, 4.81) more daily MVPA minutes. A 1-unit higher exercise planning score was associated with 3.16 (95% CI: -0.11, 6.33; p=0.05) more daily MVPA minutes. There were no substantive differences by gender, race, ethnicity, or education status.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We found support for SDT constructs among adults with racial, ethnic, age, and educational diversity.</p>","PeriodicalId":73682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community medicine & public health","volume":"8 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11709452/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142959849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation between CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ T Lymphocytes and CRP, IL-6, and PCT in Children with Sepsis and their Value in Disease Assessment","authors":"","doi":"10.29011/2577-2228.100380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29011/2577-2228.100380","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To analyze the relationship between CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ T lymphocyte percentages in peripheral blood lymphocytes and CRP, IL-6, and PCT in children with sepsis and its value in evaluating the severity of the disease. Methods: 91 children diagnosed with sepsis who were hospitalized at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College from December 2019 to April 2021 were retrospectively included. Among them, 60 were male (65.9%) and 31 were female (34.1%), aged 3 (1.00, 7.00) years old. Group according to severity of illness. Data were collected within 24 hours of admission. Spearman correlation was used to analyze the relationship between the percentages of CD3+T, CD4+T, CD8+T lymphocytes and CRP, IL-6, and PCT. The non-parametric rank sum test was used to compare differences between mild and severe groups. Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between CD3+T, CD4+T, CD8+T lymphocytes and sepsis. Build predictive models to evaluate conditions. Use the Receiver-Operating Curve (ROC) to evaluate the model effect. Results: CD3+T lymphocytes were negatively correlated with PCT, IL-6, and CRP (r=-0.450, P=<0.001; r=-0.378, P=<0.001; r=-0.378). CD8+T lymphocytes were negatively correlated with PCT and CRP (r=-0.215, P=0.041, r=-0.310, P=0.003). There was a negative correlation between the percentage of CD4+T lymphocytes and PCT (r=-0.224, P=0.033). The fever peak, CT3+T (%), CD8+T (%), PCT, CRP, and IL-6 in the mild group were lower than those in the severe group. CD3+T lymphocyte percentage, CRP, and fever peak are risk factors for severe sepsis. Conclusion: The increases in CRP, IL-6, and PCT are negatively correlated with CD3+T, CD8+T, and CD4+T lymphocytes. CD3+T lymphocytes combined with CRP and fever peak can improve the performance of predicting the occurrence of severe sepsis.","PeriodicalId":73682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community medicine & public health","volume":"147 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134972570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression among Family Medicine Residents in KFMC, Riyadh. KSA: A Comparison between Physicians’ Characteristics","authors":"","doi":"10.29011/2577-2228.100379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29011/2577-2228.100379","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the relationship between the prevalence of anxiety and depression and their relationship with family medicine residents’ gender and seniority levels among KFMC physicians in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. In general, the study found that family medicine residents in KFMC have normal levels of anxiety and depression. Furthermore, Chi Square was used and indicated that there is a significant relationship between gender and the prevalence of anxiety in which females showed more tendencies to develop anxiety compared to their male counterparts. On the other hand, when testing the prevalence of depression and gender, we found that there is no significant difference when it comes to the residents’ gender and the likelihood of them developing depressive symptoms. Finally, when we tested the relationship between family medicine physicians’ seniority level and the prevalence of anxiety and depression, the results indicated that there is no significant re - lationship between seniority level and the prevalence of both anxiety and depression.","PeriodicalId":73682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community medicine & public health","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135365363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suicide Prevention Program for Adolescents and Young Adults Aged 12-26 Years: An Initiative to Address Unmet Needs and Save Lives","authors":"","doi":"10.29011/2577-2228.100378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29011/2577-2228.100378","url":null,"abstract":"Suicide is a major public health crisis, particularly among young people. To address this complex and multi-faceted issue, we built a predictive model to identify members who are at high risk for first or repeat-attempt suicide over the next 12 months and referred those members to a comprehensive case-management program for early intervention. Using multivariate regression, we identified the major risk factors for a suicidal event in our study sample. Of the identified members, we targeted approximately 10,000 members aged 12-26 years of age in the high-risk category from our commercial fully insured population. The members who agreed to participate in this comprehensive case-management program worked closely with the case managers and wellness recovery specialists. The pre and post rates of suicidal events were measured for the intervention group and compared a matched control group. The rate of suicidal events had a net decrease of 16.71% in the no prior attempt group while those in the prior attempt group had a net decrease of 27.76%. High-risk members (those with 10% or greater risk of suicidal event) identified via the predictive modeling algorithm who engage in the case-management program were shown to have a significant reduction in their risk for having a suicidal event.","PeriodicalId":73682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community medicine & public health","volume":"6 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135943082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ec Peptide of the IGF-1Ec Isoform in Relation to Prostate Cancer: Brief Review and Latest Data","authors":"","doi":"10.29011/2577-2228.100376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29011/2577-2228.100376","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Prostate cancer is a complex disease that affects millions of men worldwide, mainly in areas with high human growth rates; is a major cause of disease and mortality among men. The most common treatment is surgical or medical castration. The last few years, the role of IGF-1 is well established in cancer biology. In many studies Ec peptide is associated with prostate cancer and metastasis and it seems that it is an important progression factor for human prostate cancer cells. It is defined the potential role in tumor growth, progression and metastasis. This scientific article is about the Ec peptide of the IGF1Ec isoform and its association with prostate cancer, the proliferation of PC-3 by PEc through an autocrine/paracrine mode of action, the association of the Ec peptide with epithelial mesenchymal transition and finally the Ec peptide with prostate cancer metastasis.","PeriodicalId":73682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community medicine & public health","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136057714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Vitamin D on Physical Performance and Activities of Daily Living in Independent Community-Dwelling Elderly: Study Protocol","authors":"","doi":"10.29011/2577-2228.100375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29011/2577-2228.100375","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background: Despite the high incidence of sunlight, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is increasing, especially in the oldest old population. Although observational studies with community-dwelling older adults demonstrate an association between low serum levels of 25(OH)D (Vitamin D) and poor mobility, balance and strength, the results of its supplementation as a strategy to improve physical performance are controversial. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of vitamin D on physical performance and functional capacity in community-dwelling oldest old individuals. Methods: This is a longitudinal study with participants of the “Longevos Project” followed from 2010 to 2022. Physical performance was evaluated using the Brazilian version of the Short Physical Performance Battery. For the assessment of handgrip strength, we used a manual dynamometer, adopting the cutoff points of <26 kg for men and <16 kg for women. The assessment of functional capacity was performed using the Katz and Lawton scales adapted for Brazil. Serum vitamin D concentrations were determined via blood tests, with low levels defined as vitamin D <30 ng/mL. Multiple linear regression models will be used to evaluate the simultaneous effects of vitamin D with each variable of physical performance and functional capacity. A significant level of p<0.05 will be adopted. Discussion: The hypothesis of the present study is that low vitamin D levels are associated with worse physical performance and impairment of activities of daily living and that maintaining serum levels of 25(OH)D>30 ng/mL can improve functional capacity.","PeriodicalId":73682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community medicine & public health","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136057411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Features of 35 COVID-19 Patients with Hospitalization for More than 20 Days","authors":"","doi":"10.29011/2577-2228.100373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29011/2577-2228.100373","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community medicine & public health","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135147874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Uptake among Caribbean, Latino/a, Native American, and Middle Eastern/North African Populations in Detroit and Surrounding Counties: A Qualitative Study","authors":"","doi":"10.29011/2577-2228.100374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29011/2577-2228.100374","url":null,"abstract":"Populations","PeriodicalId":73682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community medicine & public health","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134945857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}