Journal of community medicine & public health最新文献

{"title":"Contraceptive Knowledge, Access and Uptake among Rural and Urban Unmarried in-school Adolescents in Osun State, Nigeria: A Comparative Study","authors":"O. Israel, A. Adeomi, O. Adeoye, M. Israel, A. Olugbenga-Bello","doi":"10.29011/2577-2228.100066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29011/2577-2228.100066","url":null,"abstract":"Comparative","PeriodicalId":73682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community medicine & public health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47409831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial Distribution of Tuberculosis and Socioeconomic Inequalities in Cochabamba, Bolivia","authors":"Marcelo Rojas Mattos, Daniel Illanes, Jorge Avilez, Wilson Trujillo, A. Robert","doi":"10.29011/2577-2228.100065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29011/2577-2228.100065","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Through their associations with the incidence of tuberculosis, socioeconomic variables contribute to the burden and the spread of the disease, especially in developing countries. Because there is no such data in Bolivia, we conducted an ecological study to evaluate the spatial distribution of tuberculosis and its relationship with socioeconomic determinants in the Department of Cochabamba. Methods: Incidence of tuberculosis was computed from the 2016 data reported from the Tuberculosis Control Program and the socioeconomic indicators were retrieved from the Bolivian Population and Housing Census of the National Institute of Statistics conduced in 2012 at the municipality level. Incidence rates were standardized by age and were mapped to visualize the spatial distribution. Pearson correlation coefficients were used for associations. Results: The spatial distribution of tuberculosis showed a high incidence in the Tropical Region with 163 cases/100,000. The Metropolitan Region showed a lower incidence of 52 cases/100,000 and the Valleys, Southern Cone and Andean Regions showed an ever lower incidence, with 26 cases/100,000. In the Tropical Region where there was a high incidence in all five municipalities, there was a negative correlation with school attendance (r=-0.46) and a positive correlation with population density (r=0.62). In the Metropolitan Region presented with medium incidences, a positive correlation with population density was observed (r=0.52) across de 8 municipalities. In the joint analysis of the 34 municipalities of the Regions Andean, Southern Cone and Valleys having the lowest incidences, a quite low correlation was observed with all socioeconomic variables. In all regions, a moderate to highly positive correlation was observed with the variable “not be owner of its housing”: Tropical Region (r=0.65), Metropolitan Region (r=0.82) and Valleys, Southern Cone and Andean Regions (r=0.51). Conclusions: The pattern of the distribution of the incidence of tuberculosis showed a high incidence in all areas of the Tropical Region. Each of the 3 regions had its own socioeconomic variables associated with tuberculosis incidence but the variable “not be owner of its housing” was however positively associated with TB incidence in all regions.","PeriodicalId":73682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community medicine & public health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45523595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Risk Assessment Tool for the Health Sector in Africa: Filling the gaps in Public Health Emergency Preparedness and Risk Management","authors":"N. Nsenga, T. Mzozo, S. Woldetsadik, A. Mpairwe, Yahaya Aa, Fall Is","doi":"10.29011/2577-2228.100063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29011/2577-2228.100063","url":null,"abstract":"“Understanding the risk” is one of the four priorities of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Management. It is also one of the critical steps for effective risk reduction and disaster preparedness programs. In the health sector, the paradigm of primary prevention of disease outbreaks is intrinsically underpinned by the rational of the identification of the threats to public health and evaluation of risk, based on the prevalent hazards, the vulnerability","PeriodicalId":73682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community medicine & public health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42371559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of a Conservative Worldview on Women and Children’s Health","authors":"T. L. Robinett","doi":"10.29011/2577-2228.100062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29011/2577-2228.100062","url":null,"abstract":"It has been proposed by George Lakoff [1] that politically liberal and conservative individuals possess very different worldviews. This is especially true around topics such as women’s rights, childrearing, gender equality, and healthcare. Lakoff explains these differences in the form of “family metaphors” where conservatives lean toward the model of the authoritarian Strict Father and liberals the model of the supportive Nurturing Parent. This paper reviews the research into the impact of a conservative worldview on public health. Although the purpose of this paper is not to determine which worldview is correct, it does show that conservative beliefs can have negative effects in various health related areas such as women’s health, reproductive rights, punishment, childrearing, healthcare, disease transmission, and domestic violence.","PeriodicalId":73682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community medicine & public health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47831196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Influencing Breastfeeding Prevalence, Duration and Practices: A Longitudinal Study","authors":"Giulia Naldini, M. Chiavarini","doi":"10.29011/2577-2228.100061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29011/2577-2228.100061","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for at least the first 6 months of life. The determinants of breastfeeding include factors related to the mother, child and family, health care system, public health policies, and social policies and culture. Objective: To determine the association of individual and perinatal healthcare factors with breastfeeding prevalence, duration, and practices. Methods: This longitudinal study enrolled 298 women, giving birth at the Hospital of Perugia. Data were collected through questionnaire-based survey at discharge, at three and six months postpartum. Results: Prevalence of any breastfeeding was 98.66% at discharge (exclusive breastfeeding: 75.17%), 84.44% at three months and 83.94% at six months. Most women were nulliparous, not attending antenatal group education, birthing naturally, without labour analgesia/anaesthesia and never-smokers. Any breastfeeding at three months and exclusive breastfeeding at three months were strongly associated with antenatal group education, no labour analgesia/anaesthesia, early skin-to-skin contact and support for breastfeeding during the first three months postpartum. Any breastfeeding at six months was significantly associated with multiparity and support for breastfeeding during the first three months postpartum. No smoking at childbirth influenced breastfeeding at three months and at six months. Conclusion: Our findings reflect the complexity of infant feeding and suggest a list of factors of antenatal and postnatal care as targets for focused evidence-based interventions aimed to promote breastfeeding.","PeriodicalId":73682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community medicine & public health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42203688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intensity of Physical Activity, TV Viewing Time, and Adiposity in Young Adults: Iowa Bone Development Study","authors":"Minsuk Oh, K. Janz, E. Letuchy, S. Levy","doi":"10.29011/2577-2228.100060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29011/2577-2228.100060","url":null,"abstract":"This study focused on young adults, as emerging adulthood, when the majority of young adults are exposed to unhealthy lifestyle behaviors. This study examined the relationships between Physical Activity (PA) intensity (min/d), TV viewing (h/d), and adiposities (i.e., Total Body Fat (TBF), kg and Visceral Adipose Tissue (VAT), g) in young adults. Study participants were healthy young adults aged 19.8 years (182 females and 147 males) in the Iowa Bone Development Study. ActiGraph accelerometers and a PA questionnaire were used to measure PA and TV viewing. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and peripheral quantitative computed tomography scans measured the adiposities. Vigorous PA, independent of the total volume of PA, was the best predictor of TBF in males (β=-.22, p<.01). In females, moderate (β=-.25, p<.01), moderate to vigorous (β=-.27, p<.01), and vigorous (β=-.12, p<.05) intensity PA were predictive. TV viewing, independent of sedentary time and total PA, was associated with TBF (β=0.18, p<.05 in males; β=0.12, p<.05 in females) and VAT (β=0.11, p<.05 in females). This study suggests that increasing PA intensity and restricting TV viewing time rather than reducing comprehensive sedentary time may be a more effective strategy in maintaining healthy body composition. PA interventions should suggest to female young adults to “move more” and males to participate in more intense activities.","PeriodicalId":73682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community medicine & public health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46886545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging and Traditional Treatment in Acute Heart Failure: Bad News from Last Interventional Trials","authors":"M. Alessandri, R. Nuti, A. Palazzuoli","doi":"10.29011/2577-2228.100058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29011/2577-2228.100058","url":null,"abstract":"Over last two decades many drugs and Trials have been tested in order to improve Acute Heart failure (AHF) management and outcome. Despite recent findings showing significant improvements in the pharmacological management of chronic heart failure, in AHF patients no consistent benefits in terms of mortality and re-hospitalization rates have been found. Indeed, heart failure remains one of the leading causes of hospital admission in industrialized countries and relative costs is unacceptably high. Thus a therapeutic optimization and drug titration during hospitalization period to prevent future adverse event is one of the primary goals of treatment. Unfortunately, old and new drugs more recently attempted demonstrated contrasting results. In most of cases additional pharmacological treatment showed a transient improvement of some hemodynamic parameters such as wedge pressure reduction stroke volume improvement and congestion relief. Despite these apparently recover the mid and long term outcome revealed an insufficient trend. This is particularly true in patients in more severe hemodynamic picture, more advanced Heart failure and increased congestion burden. Inconsistent results could be due in part to the attempted drug inefficiency and partially to the study design and protocol that tested the same drug in several HF subtypes. In the light of this negative findings, we support the crucial relevance of emphasizing the heterogeneity through AHF clinical profiles, with different medical needs. Accordingly, in this review we report the main finding of the most important trials performed in AHF and we purpose a reappraisal of some attempted drugs looking for the primary HF deterioration mechanism, and the related prevalent pathophysiological disorder. dyspnea and congestion by diuresis increase; no effect on long term mortality.","PeriodicalId":73682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community medicine & public health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46283030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breakthrough Cancer Pain: What Role can the General Practitioner Play?","authors":"M. Mammucari, S. Mercadante, P. Marchetti, A. Cuomo, A. Caraceni, R. Mediati, R. Vellucci, S. Natoli, M. Lazzari, M. Dauri, C. Adile, M. Airoldi, G. Azzarello, M. Bandera, Livio Bl","doi":"10.29011/2577-2228.100056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29011/2577-2228.100056","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Despite the extensive literature, Breakthrough cancer Pain (BTcP) is still under-diagnosed and under-treated. Although cancer pain affects quality of life, primary care physicians do not seem to play a role in the management of patients with BTcP. Objectives: Point out the clinical characteristics that can help the general practitioner to identify the patient early with cancer pain and in particular with BTcP. Methods: We studied the clinical data base of 4,016 patients enrolled in the IOPS-MS study in order to identify which clinical parameters of BTP can be early detected by primary care physicians. Results: The results of the study show that BTcP occurs during each phase of cancer, 2.4+1.4 times per day, with a duration of 43.3±36.9 minutes, and it manifests 1.9+5.6 months after the onset of baseline pain. Conclusion: These data suggest that the BTcP cannot be under diagnosed if the general practitioner plans a periodic visit to each cancer patient. Therefore, the involvement of the general practitioners, through periodic screening and the use of standardised diagnostic algorithms aimed at starting the multidisciplinary care pathways in an early phase, may improve the level of satisfaction and quality of life of patients with cancer pain.","PeriodicalId":73682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community medicine & public health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41582272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leisure Activity and Smoking among Ukrainian Adolescents","authors":"N. Hryhorczuk, A. Zvinchuk, Z. Shkiriak-Nyzhnyk, N. González, D. Hryhorczuk","doi":"10.29011/2577-2228.100054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29011/2577-2228.100054","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The aim of this paper was to investigate associations between engagement in specific types of leisure activities and smoking among Ukrainian adolescents. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 1075 adolescents enrolled in the Family and Children of Ukraine birth cohort study using a self-administered questionnaire to determine their leisure activities and smoking behaviors. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, calculation of odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals, and gender-stratified analyses using Mantel Haen szel methods. Results: 51.6% of males and 41.4% of females reported ever smoking and 22.8% of males and 15.8% of females had smoked within the past 30 days. Risk factors for ever having smoked include socializing on the internet (OR=1.84; 95% CI: [1.25-2.71]), playing sports (OR=1.48; 95% CI: [1.07-2.04]), and visiting entertainment venues (OR=1.94; 95% CI: [1.44-2.61]). Reading books for leisure was protective against both ever having smoked (OR=0.53; 95% CI: [0.40-0.70]) and smoking in the past 30 days (OR=0.45; 95% CI: [0.32-0.63]). Engaging in drawing or crafts was also protective against both ever having smoked (OR= 0.61; 95% CI: [0.45-0.80]) and smoking in the past 30 days (0.58; 95% CI: [0.40-0.82]). Leading a cultural life (going to theaters, concerts, museums) was protective against having smoked in the past 30 days (OR=0.62; 95% CI: [0.44-0.87]). Conclusions: We conclude that engagement in specific types of leisure activities can affect the risk of adolescents’ smoking behaviors.","PeriodicalId":73682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community medicine & public health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45910165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-Reported Nutrition and Physical Activity Program Utilisation among Australians with Psychosis: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Data","authors":"Doreen Mucheru, M. Hanlon, L. Campbell, M. McEvoy, L. MacDonald-Wicks","doi":"10.29011/2577-2228.100055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29011/2577-2228.100055","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To describe the self-reported attendance of community nutrition and physical activity programs in the government and non-government sector among 1825 people from the Survey of High Impact Psychosis (SHIP), and identify demographics associated with overall self-reported program attendance. Additionally, to assess whether improved nutrition and physical activity outcomes were associated with program attendance. Methods: In this cross-sectional analysis of data from SHIP, descriptive statistics were generated and tests-of-association applied between program attendance, and demographics, nutrition and physical activity outcomes. Results: Just 11.6% attended a nutrition or physical activity program. Overall attendance was associated with highest education qualifications attained (p=0.004) and diagnosed disorder (p=0.022). Non-government sector attendees were more likely to con sume reduced fat milk (p=0.010), and less likely to run out of food (p=0.007). Conclusions: There is extremely low utilisation of community nutrition and physical activity programs in Australians with psychosis which is associated with certain demographics that may act as barriers. Program attendance did not show consistent association with improved nutrition or physical activity outcomes. Implications for public health: Nutrition and physical activity program utilisation should be encouraged in people with psychosis by addressing problems related to access. These programs should be evaluated locally to ensure usefulness.","PeriodicalId":73682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community medicine & public health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47219245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}