Journal of clinical virology plus最新文献

{"title":"Performance of self-collected saliva samples for SARS-CoV-2 mass testing in community settings","authors":"Olivia Kay ,&nbsp;Matthias E Futschik ,&nbsp;Elena Turek ,&nbsp;David Chapman ,&nbsp;Simon Carr ,&nbsp;Malur Sudhanva ,&nbsp;Paul E. Klapper ,&nbsp;Tony Cox ,&nbsp;Michael Hill ,&nbsp;Joanna Cole-Hamilton ,&nbsp;Peter Marks ,&nbsp;Sarah A Tunkel ,&nbsp;Timothy Peto ,&nbsp;Lindsey Davies ,&nbsp;Tom Fowler","doi":"10.1016/j.jcvp.2023.100161","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcvp.2023.100161","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Saliva has been considered a suitable sample material for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA testing, but uncertainty remained regarding sensitivity and reliability of different saliva collection methods.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>This study aimed to investigate the potential utility of expectorated saliva (ES) and drooled saliva (DS) for community mass testing.</p></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><p>Self-collected ES and DS samples were obtained in a prospective cohort study with 2,878 participants. The utility of saliva for SARS-CoV-2 qRT-PCR testing was assessed by comparing the capacity to detect SARS-CoV-2 positive cases with results for self-collected combined throat and nose (CTN) swabs. Additionally, quantification cycle (Cq) values were compared.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>ES- and DS-based tests showed the same high level of concordance (98% vs 98%) with CTN swab-based results. Sensitivity was higher for DS (94%) than for ES (83%) or CTN swab (90%) but differences were statistically not significant. Comparing only symptomatic cases, however, a significantly higher sensitivity of DS (96%) than of ES (76%) or CTN swab (91%) was observed. Cq values of saliva and swab specimen were significantly correlated and appeared to be not impacted by age or other potentially confounding factors.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Saliva-based SARS-CoV-2 RNA testing showed high diagnostic accuracy and can be considered an alternative where swabbing may not be tolerated or operationally feasible. DS yielded the same or better diagnostic performance compared to ES and may present a preferred option with reduced aerosol risk and increased compliance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical virology plus","volume":"3 3","pages":"Article 100161"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41584615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in Lagos, Nigeria with robust antibody and cellular immune responses","authors":"Sulaimon Akanmu ,&nbsp;Bobby Brooke Herrera ,&nbsp;Beth Chaplin ,&nbsp;Sade Ogunsola ,&nbsp;Akin Osibogun ,&nbsp;Fatima Onawoga ,&nbsp;Sarah John-Olabode ,&nbsp;Iorhen E. Akase ,&nbsp;Augustina Nwosu ,&nbsp;Donald J. Hamel ,&nbsp;Charlotte A. Chang ,&nbsp;Phyllis J. Kanki","doi":"10.1016/j.jcvp.2023.100156","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcvp.2023.100156","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Early evidence suggested that the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic was less severe in Africa compared to other parts of the world. However, more recent studies indicate higher SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 mortality rates on the continent than previously documented. Research is needed to better understand SARS-CoV-2 infection and immunity in Africa.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In early 2021, we studied the immune responses in healthcare workers (HCWs) at Lagos University Teaching Hospital (<em>n</em> = 134) and Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine recipients from the general population (<em>n</em> = 116) across five local government areas (LGAs) in Lagos State, Nigeria. Western blots were used to simultaneously detect SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid (N) antibodies (<em>n</em> = 250), and stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with N followed by an IFN-γ ELISA was used to examine T cell responses (<em>n</em> = 114).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Antibody data demonstrated high SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence of 72·4% (97/134) in HCWs and 60·3% (70/116) in the general population. Antibodies directed to only SARS-CoV-2 N, suggesting pre-existing coronavirus immunity, were seen in 9·7% (13/134) of HCWs and 15·5% (18/116) of the general population. T cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 N (<em>n</em> = 114) were robust in detecting exposure to the virus, demonstrating 87·5% sensitivity and 92·9% specificity in a subset of control samples tested. T cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 N were also observed in 83.3% of individuals with N-only antibodies, further suggesting that prior non-SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus infection may provide cellular immunity to SARS-CoV-2.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These results have important implications for understanding the paradoxically high SARS-CoV-2 infection with low mortality rate in Africa and supports the need to better understand the implications of SARS-CoV-2 cellular immunity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical virology plus","volume":"3 3","pages":"Article 100156"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10289822/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9736525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One pediatrician's battle with COVID-19 and acute liver failure","authors":"Pooya Farhangnia ,&nbsp;Amir Reza Safdarian ,&nbsp;Shamim Mollazadeh Ghomi ,&nbsp;Shabnam Mollazadehghomi ,&nbsp;Ali-Akbar Delbandi","doi":"10.1016/j.jcvp.2023.100162","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcvp.2023.100162","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical virology plus","volume":"3 3","pages":"Article 100162"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45866578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High concordance of the TaqMan SARS-CoV-2 mutation panel and spike gene sequencing for the detection of SARS-COV-2 Variants Of Concern","authors":"Paul Alain Tagnouokam-Ngoupo ,&nbsp;Chavely Gwladys Monamele ,&nbsp;Serge Alain Sadeuh-Mba ,&nbsp;Jules Brice Tchatchueng-Mbougua ,&nbsp;Estelle Madaha Longla ,&nbsp;Ngu Njei Abanda ,&nbsp;Vanessa Ilouga ,&nbsp;Moise Henri Moumbeket Yifomnjou ,&nbsp;Mathurin Cyrille Tejiokem ,&nbsp;Sara Eyangoh ,&nbsp;Richard Njouom","doi":"10.1016/j.jcvp.2023.100159","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcvp.2023.100159","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical virology plus","volume":"3 3","pages":"Article 100159"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46878198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breakthrough infections with SARS-CoV-2 omicron efficiently boost antibodies from previous BNT162b2 vaccinations","authors":"Thomas Perkmann ,&nbsp;David N. Springer ,&nbsp;Patrick Mucher ,&nbsp;Michael Wolzt ,&nbsp;Lukas Weseslindtner ,&nbsp;Helmuth Haslacher","doi":"10.1016/j.jcvp.2023.100157","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcvp.2023.100157","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To investigate whether SARS-CoV-2 omicron breakthrough infection in individuals after three doses of wildtype-based BNT162b2 increases antibody levels measured by a commercially available wildtype-based immunoassay.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>16 of 21 individuals in a BNT162b2 vaccination cohort (recruited 129 [129–135] days after dose 3) experienced a breakthrough infection (BTI) between March and September 2022. Antibodies to the receptor binding domain (RBP) of the spike protein (Anti-S) were quantified using the wildtype-based Elecsys SARS-CoV-2 S assay (Roche). Antibody responses of triple vaccinated BTI cases were compared to triple vaccinated individuals without breakthrough infection and to 16 matched individuals after primary omicron infection.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In the 16 individuals with primary Omicron infection, the anti-S assay returned only very low results (2.25 [0.61–5.80] U/mL). However, in individuals with BTI, Anti-S levels rose from 7,135 [5,870–17,470] U/mL to 21,705 (7,750–46,137.5) U/mL. At the same time, Anti-S concentrations decreased from 9,120 [7,480–13,480] U/mL to 3,830 (2,390–4,220) U/mL in those 5 of 21 vaccinated only.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our data suggest that breakthrough infection with omicron can efficiently boost wild-type antibodies in individuals vaccinated with wild-type BNT162b2.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical virology plus","volume":"3 3","pages":"Article 100157"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10299948/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9747061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 antibody response duration and neutralization following natural infection","authors":"Christopher W Dukes ,&nbsp;Renata AM Rossetti ,&nbsp;Jonathan A Hensel ,&nbsp;Sebastian Snedal ,&nbsp;Christopher L Cubitt ,&nbsp;Michael J Schell ,&nbsp;Martha Abrahamsen ,&nbsp;Kimberly Isaacs-Soriano ,&nbsp;Kayoko Kennedy ,&nbsp;Leslie N Mangual ,&nbsp;Junmin Whiting ,&nbsp;Veronica Martinez-Brockhus ,&nbsp;Jessica Y Islam ,&nbsp;Julie Rathwell ,&nbsp;Matthew Beatty ,&nbsp;Amy M Hall ,&nbsp;Daniel Abate-Daga ,&nbsp;Anna R Giuliano ,&nbsp;Shari Pilon-Thomas","doi":"10.1016/j.jcvp.2023.100158","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcvp.2023.100158","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The role of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) neutralizing antibody response from natural infection and vaccination, and the potential determinants of this response are poorly understood. Characterizing this antibody response and the factors associated with neutralization can help inform future prevention efforts and improve clinical outcomes in those infected.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>The goals of this study were to prospectively evaluate SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels and the neutralizing antibody responses among naturally infected adults and to determine demographic and behavioral factors independently associated with these responses.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Serum was collected from seropositive individuals at baseline, four-weeks, and three-months following their first study visit to be evaluated for antibody levels. Detection of neutralizing antibodies was performed at baseline. Participant demographic and behavioral information was collected via web questionnaire prior to their first visit.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>At baseline, higher antibody levels were associated with better neutralization capacity, with 83% of participants having detectable neutralizing antibodies. We found an age-dependent effect on antibody level and neutralization capacity with participants over 65 years having significantly higher levels. Ethnicity, heart disease, autoimmune disease, and COVID symptoms were associated with higher antibody levels, but not with increased neutralization capacity. Work environment during the pandemic correlated with increased neutralization capacity, while kidney or liver disease and traveling out of state after February 2020 correlated with decreased neutralization capacity, however neither correlated with antibody levels.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our data show that natural infection by SARS-CoV-2 can induce a humoral response reflected by high antibody levels and neutralization capacity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical virology plus","volume":"3 3","pages":"Article 100158"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/df/f1/nihms-1926189.PMC10470471.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10504511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular typing and epidemiological profiles of human respiratory syncytial virus infection among children with severe acute respiratory infection in Huzhou, China","authors":"Deshun Xu,&nbsp;Lei Ji,&nbsp;Xiaofang Wu,&nbsp;Liping Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jcvp.2023.100160","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcvp.2023.100160","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is an important pathogen causing severe acute respiratory infection (SARI), particularly in children under 5 years old. We investigated the HRSV infection status and genogroups in pediatric patients with SARI between January 2019 and December 2022 in Huzhou, China.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Nasopharyngeal swabs (NPSs) were collected from pediatric patients in the First People's Hospital of Huzhou. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR for respiratory syncytial virus (A/B)was performed with an QuantStudio 7 Flex Real-Time PCR System. For genotyping, the primer sets A-F/A-R and B-F/B-R were used to amplify the G protein sequences of HRSV-A and HRSV-B, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using MEGA software.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In total, 973 NPSs were collected between January 2019 and December 2022, and 63 samples were positive for HRSV nucleic acid, representing a detection rate of 6.47%. Of the positive specimens, 28 were classified as HRSV-A and 35 were classified as HRSV-B. Infection with HRSV was found in all age groups tested, with children &lt; 5 years old accounting for 88.89% of the positive cases. The detection rate was high from November to the following March. Phylogenetic analysis clustered HRSV-A strains into the ON1 genogroup and HRSV-B strains belonged to the BA9 genogroup.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>HRSV is an important respiratory pathogen among children in Huzhou, China, with a high incidence in children under 5 years old between winter and spring. HRSV subgroups A and B were co-circulating, and ON1 and BA9 were the two main genogroups identified in this study.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical virology plus","volume":"3 3","pages":"Article 100160"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48684703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unique evidence of atypical lymphocytes and flower cells in indigenous Xikrin do Bacajá people infected with HTLV-2","authors":"Antonio Carlos Rosário Vallinoto ,&nbsp;Janete Silvana Souza Gonçalves ,&nbsp;Isabella Nogueira Abreu ,&nbsp;Vanessa de Oliveira Freitas ,&nbsp;Carlos Neandro Cordeiro Lima ,&nbsp;Bruno Sarmento Botelho ,&nbsp;Eliene Rodrigues Putira Sacuena ,&nbsp;Ana Maria Almeida Souza ,&nbsp;Izaura Maria Vieira Cayres Vallinoto ,&nbsp;João Farias Guerreiro ,&nbsp;Ricardo Ishak","doi":"10.1016/j.jcvp.2023.100155","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcvp.2023.100155","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical virology plus","volume":"3 3","pages":"Article 100155"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42101677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance evaluation of a rapid dengue NS1 antigen lateral flow immunoassay test with reference to dengue NS1 antigen-capture ELISA","authors":"Mohammed Rashiku ,&nbsp;Kapil Manoharan ,&nbsp;Nitiksha Rani ,&nbsp;Jasmine Samal ,&nbsp;Ekta Gupta ,&nbsp;Shantanu Bhattacharya","doi":"10.1016/j.jcvp.2023.100144","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcvp.2023.100144","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Dengue, ranked as one of the most critical viral diseases, requires rapid, accurate, and early diagnosis for better patient care.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>This study pertains to the development and clinical validation of an in house easy to do, affordable kit for the detection of dengue NS1 antigen based on lateral flow immunoassay in serum samples of patients.</p></div><div><h3>Study Design</h3><p>Clinically uncharacterized serum specimens were obtained and analyzed using the developed NS1 detection kit and compared against the ELISA results.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The performance of the kit was evaluated with both positive and negative patients’ serum samples for NS1 antigen and found to be highly specific and sensitive. An overall sensitivity of 92.16 % and specificity of 97.25 % were recorded. Kit stability tests were also carried out and the performance of the kit was found to be similar to real time tests.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The results indicate that the developed NS1 detection kit has good reliability with comparable performance to ELISA results.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical virology plus","volume":"3 2","pages":"Article 100144"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47856733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When rare becomes common: N2 gene-positive, E gene-negative SARS-CoV-2 PCR results between 2021 and 2022","authors":"Frank Bernhard Kraus ,&nbsp;Stefan Moritz ,&nbsp;Könül Mamadova ,&nbsp;Mario Popp ,&nbsp;Marija Kocijancic ,&nbsp;Beatrice Ludwig-Kraus","doi":"10.1016/j.jcvp.2023.100152","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcvp.2023.100152","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nucleocapsid gene-positive, envelope gene-negative (N2+/E-) SARS-CoV-2 PCR results obtained with the Cepheid Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2 assay are an infrequent phenomenon. We assessed the validity of the N2+/E- cases with an indirect approach by analyzing their occurrence in relation to overall positive PCR rates and absolute number of PCR tests (24,909 samples, collected June 2021 to July 2022). Additionally, 3022 samples were analyzed with the Xpert Xpress CoV-2-plus assay in August/September 2022. The incidence of monthly N2+/E- cases closely followed the overall frequency of positive tests (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), while there was no correlation with the monthly number of PCR test. The observed distribution of N2+/E- cases implicates, that they are not merely artefacts, but rather represent samples with a very low viral load. This phenomenon will persist with the Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2 plus assay, which also produced more than 10% results where only one target gene replicated with a very high Ct value.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical virology plus","volume":"3 2","pages":"Article 100152"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10175079/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10007435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}