Journal of clinical virology plus最新文献

{"title":"Longitudinal viral kinetic study of BK virus in renal transplant patients-A single-centre study in Sri Lanka","authors":"Kdst Abeywardana, R. Rajamanthri, Awm Wazil, N. Nanayakkara, Marv Muthugala","doi":"10.1016/j.jcvp.2022.100125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcvp.2022.100125","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical virology plus","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45430587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enterovirus species B isolates recovered from children with acute flaccid paralysis in Nigeria, 2010 and 2012","authors":"T.O.C. Faleye ,&nbsp;M.O. Adewumi ,&nbsp;M.O. Japhet ,&nbsp;U.E. George ,&nbsp;O.M. David ,&nbsp;A.O. Oluyege ,&nbsp;J.A. Adeniji ,&nbsp;O. Famurewa","doi":"10.1016/j.jcvp.2022.100117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcvp.2022.100117","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In 2010 and 2012, between June and October (the peak period of enterovirus circulation in Nigeria), 59 archived enterovirus isolates (recovered as part of the Acute Flaccid Paralysis surveillance program) were randomly selected and typed in this study. All isolates were subjected to RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis and VP1 amplification (nested) and sequencing. Of the 59 isolates, 45 (21 and 24 of the isolates from 2010 to 2012, respectively) had the expected band size (∼350 bp). Forty-three (43) (19 and 24 from 2010 to 2012, respectively) of the amplicons generated were successfully identified and all typed as <em>Enterovirus species B</em> (EV-B) members belonging to twenty (20) different types. The most commonly detected were Echovirus 11 (E11) (9 isolates) and E30 (4 isolates). Many EV-B clades detected show evidence of cross-border transmission in humans within Africa and international spread. Evidence of possible zooanthroponosis/anthropozoonosis between human and nonhuman primates in one EV-B lineage is also reported.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical virology plus","volume":"2 4","pages":"Article 100117"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667038022000564/pdfft?md5=c0790f96b5f44af258d2a217a146eb76&pid=1-s2.0-S2667038022000564-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72204196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 Omicron detection by antigen tests using saliva","authors":"Kaoru Murakami ,&nbsp;Sumio Iwasaki ,&nbsp;Satoshi Oguri ,&nbsp;Kumiko Tanaka ,&nbsp;Rigel Suzuki ,&nbsp;Kasumi Hayasaka ,&nbsp;Shinichi Fujisawa ,&nbsp;Chiaki Watanabe ,&nbsp;Satoshi Konno ,&nbsp;Isao Yokota ,&nbsp;Takasuke Fukuhara ,&nbsp;Masaaki Murakami ,&nbsp;Takanori Teshima","doi":"10.1016/j.jcvp.2022.100109","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcvp.2022.100109","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Omicron emerged in November 2021 and became the predominant SARS-CoV-2 variant globally. It spreads more rapidly than ancestral lineages and its rapid detection is critical for the prevention of disease outbreaks. Antigen tests such as immunochromatographic assay (ICA) and chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA) yield results more quickly than standard polymerase chain reaction (PCR). However, their utility for the detection of the Omicron variant remains unclear. We herein evaluated the performance of ICA and CLEIA in saliva from 51 patients with Omicron and 60 PCR negative individuals. The sensitivity and specificity of CLEIA were 98.0% (95%CI: 89.6–100.0%) and 100.0% (95%CI: 94.0–100.0%), respectively, with fine correlation with cycle threshold (Ct) values. The sensitivity and specificity of ICA were 58.8% (95%CI: 44.2-72.4%) and 100.0% (95%CI: 94.0–100.0%), respectively. The sensitivity of ICA was 100.0% (95%CI: 80.5–100.0%) when PCR Ct was less than 25. The Omicron can be efficiently detected in saliva by CLEIA. ICA also detects high viral load Omicron using saliva.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical virology plus","volume":"2 4","pages":"Article 100109"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9472459/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9148541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive evaluation of an one pot quadruplex RT-qPCR assay for the simultaneously subtyping influenza A virus into H1, H3, N1 and N2","authors":"Hai-Bo Wang,&nbsp;Ji-Can Lin,&nbsp;Hui-Na Huang,&nbsp;Jun-Ting Xu,&nbsp;Cheng-Ning Tu","doi":"10.1016/j.jcvp.2022.100119","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcvp.2022.100119","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the current study, an one pot quadruplex RT-qPCR assay was established and comprehensively evaluated. The assay's limit of detection could reach as low as 10¹ copies/reaction, with good repeatability profile and no cross-reaction with other respiratory pathogens. During clinical evaluation both by blinded samples and real clinical samples, the assay exhibited a 100% coincidence rate with individual commercial RT-qPCR assays. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the simultaneous subtyping influenza A virus into H1, H3, N1, and N2 by one pot quadruplex RT-qPCR assay, which could improve the preparedness for future influenza outbreaks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical virology plus","volume":"2 4","pages":"Article 100119"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667038022000588/pdfft?md5=ec4bece5fcf75f2bbb155641d873d6e8&pid=1-s2.0-S2667038022000588-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49107224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-risk Human papillomavirus 16/18 in oral mucosa and cervix of sexually active women: A comparative pilot study using conventional nested PCR and an in-house real-time PCR","authors":"Pushkal Sinduvadi Ramesh ,&nbsp;Rahul Vyas ,&nbsp;Ruthvik Satishchandra ,&nbsp;Arun Brunda ,&nbsp;K B Suma ,&nbsp;Suma M Nataraj ,&nbsp;Avinash Shetty ,&nbsp;Veena Shetty ,&nbsp;Devanand Devegowda","doi":"10.1016/j.jcvp.2022.100105","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcvp.2022.100105","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Human papillomavirus (HPV) is known to be associated with both cervical and oropharyngeal cancers, yet little are known about the co-occurrence of similar HPV subtypes in these subsites. With the changing sexual behaviour it is necessary to evaluate the risk of a woman with abnormal cervix developing cancer of the oropharynx. A study evaluating HPV infection in both oral mucosa and the cervix is therefore needed to understand the co-occurrence of HPV infection in 2 different sites</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Oral mucosa and cervical wash specimens were collected from a total of 100 women aged 20-60 years who visited for routine Pap test. DNA was extracted and then subjected to an in house real-time PCR and conventional nested PCR for the detection high risk HPV 16/18 subtypes. A limit of detection was established using serially diluted HPV positive DNA from cell lines and the sensitivity and specificity of both the assays were evaluated</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The prevalence of HPV-16/18 in the cervical samples (19.7% vs 6.2%) and the oral mucosa (16.6% vs nil) were higher as detected by our in house real-time PCR in comparison to the conventional nested PCR. Oral HPV infection was found in 25% of the women with SCC of the cervix</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Due to the changing sexual behaviour there is a possibility that women with HPV-related cervical lesions can easily transfer the virus to the partner or even self-inoculate which might lead to the development of lesions in the head &amp; neck turning into cancer.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical virology plus","volume":"2 4","pages":"Article 100105"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667038022000448/pdfft?md5=0d29d9c20fc012aa6309c41f0855b4fa&pid=1-s2.0-S2667038022000448-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42760882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal viral kinetic study of BK virus in renal transplant patients - A single-center study in Sri Lanka","authors":"K.D.S.T. Abeywardana,&nbsp;R.G.L.S. Rajamanthri,&nbsp;A.W.M. Wazil,&nbsp;N. Nanayakkara,&nbsp;M.A.R.V. Muthugala","doi":"10.1016/j.jcvp.2022.100125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcvp.2022.100125","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>There is a strong association between high-level BK viraemia and the development of BK virus-associated nephropathy. Therefore, understanding the kinetics of BK virus replication following transplantation would be helpful in predicting high-level viraemia and the development of BKVAN.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>This study was aimed to assess the incidence of BKV infection and the BK viral kinetics among renal transplant recipients in their first year following the transplant.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This study was a retrospective descriptive study involving renal transplant recipients treated at National Hospital, Kandy, Sri Lanka. The patients were recruited from January 2018 to December 2019 and their demographic details and quantitative BKV PCR assay results were analysed during the first year following transplantation.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>297 patients were transplanted during the study period wherein, males predominated with 78.1% and 43.67 years old being the mean age (IQR: 35.50–53.0). The cumulative incidence of BK viraemia was 24.9% (<em>n</em> = 74). The mean age of the cohort with BK viraemia was 44.4 years (IQR: 36–54). Twenty percent (<em>n</em> = 13) of the female population had BKV viraemia, while 26.29% (<em>n</em> = 61) of the male population. Among patients with BK viraemia 12 had significant viraemia of 104IU/ml giving a cumulative incidence of significant viraemia was 4.04% and 10 of them (83.33%) had low levels of viraemia before showing significant viraemia.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The presence of low-level viraemia in 83% of patients with significant viraemia proves the value of early routine screening to predict the development of significant BK viraemia and to take preventive measures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical virology plus","volume":"2 4","pages":"Article 100125"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667038022000643/pdfft?md5=6336682117c7e826f7beda81b4bbe28d&pid=1-s2.0-S2667038022000643-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72204050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mini-evaluation of the Lyra SARS-CoV-2 assay to detect Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 in nasopharyngeal swabs","authors":"Tung Phan ,&nbsp;Stephanie Boes ,&nbsp;Melissa McCullough ,&nbsp;Jamie Gribschaw ,&nbsp;Alan Wells","doi":"10.1016/j.jcvp.2022.100118","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcvp.2022.100118","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical virology plus","volume":"2 4","pages":"Article 100118"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9578329/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9088377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic kidney disease among children living with the human immunodeficiency virus in sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"Peace D. Imani ,&nbsp;Peter J. Elyanu ,&nbsp;R. Sebastian Wanless ,&nbsp;Sarah H. Perry ,&nbsp;Kanyamanda Katembo ,&nbsp;Bhekumusa Lukhele ,&nbsp;Teresa Steffy ,&nbsp;Tumelo Seetane ,&nbsp;Lineo Thahane ,&nbsp;Heather Haq ,&nbsp;Cynthia S. Bell ,&nbsp;Poyyapakkam Srivaths ,&nbsp;Michael C. Braun","doi":"10.1016/j.jcvp.2022.100123","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcvp.2022.100123","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains an important comorbid condition in people living with HIV. However, data in children living with HIV/AIDS (CLWHA) in sub-Saharan Africa is limited. We sought to establish the prevalence and identify risk factors of CKD among CLWHA in SSA.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This was a retrospective chart review across five SSA countries HIV/AIDS care sites, March 2000 and June 2016.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>4,859 children with at least two clinic visits were enrolled in the study. The median age at the first clinic visit was 5.7 (IQR; 2.5, 9.5) years, and median follow-up time was 22.6 (IQR 9.8, 46.1) months. 11.2% CLWHA had an eGFR of &lt;60 mL/min/1.73m² on at least one clinic visit. The prevalence of CKD was 1.6%. In a multivariable Poisson regression analysis, CKD was associated with severe immunosuppression, incident rate ratio (IRR) 2.69 (95% CI, 1.11, 6.51). Risk of CKD decreased with increasing age (IRR 0.51 (95% CI, 0.39, 0.67). There was no association between CKD and ART regimen.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>CKD was not as prevalent as previously reported in children in other studies. Kidney function monitoring should be incorporated into the pediatric HIV care monitoring guidelines to allow for better evaluation of kidney disease in CLWHA.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical virology plus","volume":"2 4","pages":"Article 100123"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266703802200062X/pdfft?md5=60608bf5d1de970818277cd854d01441&pid=1-s2.0-S266703802200062X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44524861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Hepatitis B virus and its predictors among volunteer blood donors in Jimma, Ethiopia, 2018: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Debele Mekonnen ,&nbsp;Tesfaye Solomon ,&nbsp;Mamo Nigatu","doi":"10.1016/j.jcvp.2022.100122","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcvp.2022.100122","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Previous studies of blood donors in Ethiopia have focused on all types of donors without exposure screening before blood donation. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of Hepatitis B virus and its predictors among volunteer blood donors in Jimma, Ethiopia.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>Cross-sectional study was conducted on sampled volunteer blood donors who were consecutively included from March 10 to April 20, 2018. Virus detection was investigated by testing for Hepatitis B surface antigen in the serum. Data collected through face-to-face interviews, has been cleaned and checked, entered into Data 3.1 and analyzed by statistical software SPSS version 20. The level of statistical significance was reported to be p&lt;0.05 in the multivariable logistic regression.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 548 participants with 60.96% in the 18–24 age group were participated and the overall prevalence of HBV infection was 2.92%. The test positivity rate among males was 12/268 (4.48%) and while the rate among females was 4/280 (1.43%). More than 80% of those who tested positive were under the age of 35 years. Being male [AOR=3.28, 95%CI: 1.01–10.68], age 18–24 [AOR=0.17, 95%CI: 0.36–0.78], frequency of donation [AOR= 0.25, 95%CI: 0.08–0.76], and exposure to unsafe injection [AOR= 6.98, 95%CI: 1.66–29.29] were significant factors.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The overall prevalence of HBsAg was intermediate with positivity higher in males. Furthermore, age, frequency of donation and exposure to unsafe therapeutic drug injection were independent predictors. Therefore, the blood bank should raise awareness to repeat volunteer young donors and focus on identified low-risk groups.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical virology plus","volume":"2 4","pages":"Article 100122"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667038022000618/pdfft?md5=09fbac6ea6925b06b927f2503ca6ae22&pid=1-s2.0-S2667038022000618-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48487207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IgA quantification as a good predictor of the neutralizing antibodies levels after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2","authors":"Lorena O. Fernandes-Siqueira ,&nbsp;Bruna G. Sousa ,&nbsp;Carlos E. Cleto ,&nbsp;Luciana S. Wermelinger ,&nbsp;Beatriz L.L. Caetano ,&nbsp;Agatha R. Pacheco ,&nbsp;Simone M. Costa ,&nbsp;Fabio C.L. Almeida ,&nbsp;Gustavo C. Ferreira ,&nbsp;Didier Salmon ,&nbsp;Ada M.B. Alves ,&nbsp;Andrea T. Da Poian","doi":"10.1016/j.jcvp.2022.100121","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcvp.2022.100121","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Vaccination against COVID-19 was implemented very quickly, but the emergence of new variants that can evade the previous acquired immunological protection highlights the importance of understanding the mechanisms involved in the immune response generated after SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Since most of our knowledge on the humoral immunity generated against SARS-CoV-2 has been obtained from studies with infected patients before vaccination, our goal here was to evaluate seroconversion and its correlation with the titers of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) in individuals who received the complete initial recommended vaccination schedule with three different vaccines.</p></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><p>We analyzed serum IgG, IgA and total NAbs against the trimeric SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) protein or its receptor binding domain (RBD) in blood samples collected from 118 healthy individuals without known previous infection, before and after receiving the first and the second dose of CoronaVac (<em>n</em> = 18), ChAdOx-1 (<em>n</em> = 68) or BNT162b2 (<em>n</em> = 32) vaccines.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We found that although IgG titers were high in all sera collected after the two doses of these vaccines, NAbs amounts varies among the groups. In contrast, serum NAbs concentrations were much more comparable to the IgA levels, indicating that these antibodies would have a major neutralizing capacity against SARS-CoV-2.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Altogether our data suggest that quantification of serum anti-S or anti-RBD IgA, rather than IgG, may be a valuable tool to screen NAbs and may be considered for surveillance of vaccine coverage.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical virology plus","volume":"2 4","pages":"Article 100121"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9635250/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9462838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}