Journal of cellular immunology最新文献

{"title":"The Natural History of Post-Chikungunya Viral Arthritis Disease Activity and T-cell Immunology: A Cohort Study.","authors":"Aileen Yu-Hen Chang, Alfonso Sucerquia Hernández, Jose Forero Mejía, Sarah Renee Tritsch, Evelyn Mendoza-Torres, Liliana Encinales, Andres Cadena Bonfanti, Abigale Marie Proctor, Gary Leonard Simon, Samuel Joseph Simmens, Gary Steven Firestein","doi":"10.33696/immunology.6.191","DOIUrl":"10.33696/immunology.6.191","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an alphavirus spread by mosquitos that causes arthralgias and arthritis that may last for years. The objective of this study was to describe the arthritis progression and T cell immunology over a two-year period.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cohort of 40 cases of serologically confirmed CHIKV from Magdalena and Atlántico, Colombia were followed in 2019 and again in 2021. Arthritis disease severity, disability, pain, stiffness, physical function, mobility, fatigue, anxiety, sleep disturbances and depression were assessed. Serum cytokines and T-cell subsets were measured and tested for change. Correlations within each of the 2 time periods for laboratory parameters were also examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Although, arthritis disease severity, as measured by the Disease Activity Score-28 (DAS-28) did not change significantly over a two-year period, a new metric- the Chikungunya Disease Activity Score (CHIK-DAS)- was more sensitive to detect changes in disease severity than the Disease Activity Score-28 (DAS-28) and showed some improvement in average disease severity from moderate to mild over two years. Cases were characterized by moderate disability, pain, and stiffness with mild alterations of physical function, mobility, fatigue, anxiety, sleep disturbances and depression that did not change significantly over time. Small joints including the fingers and wrists were most affected without significant change over time. The percentage of effector T cells (Teffs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs) of CD4⁺ T cells both decreased over time. Teff percentages decreased more significantly resulting in a halving of the Teff/Treg ratio two years later. Furthermore, markers of Treg immunosuppressive function such as CTLA4, Helios, CD28, CD45RA and 41bb decreased over time. Cytokines did not change significantly over time.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The presented data suggest that arthritis persists almost seven years after chikungunya infection in some patients with waning Teff and Treg numbers and activation markers over time. Treg activation may be a promising therapeutic target for further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":73644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular immunology","volume":"6 2","pages":"64-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11172407/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141319169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polyamines: Key Players in Immunometabolism and Immune Regulation.","authors":"Shanmuga S Mahalingam, Pushpa Pandiyan","doi":"10.33696/immunology.6.206","DOIUrl":"10.33696/immunology.6.206","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polyamines are small organic molecules ubiquitously present in all living organisms and function as crucial regulators of biological processes ranging from fundamental cellular metabolism to immune regulation. Dysregulation of polyamine metabolism has been implicated in numerous diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, inflammatory conditions, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. This review provides an overview of pathophysiology of these conditions, highlighting polyamines' role in immunometabolic alterations in the context of immune regulation. Exploring the intricate mechanisms of polyamine metabolism holds promise for advancing our understanding of disease processes and developing potential innovative therapeutic interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":73644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular immunology","volume":"6 5","pages":"196-208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11666123/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142883763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can Vaccines Stop Cancer Before It Starts? Assessing the Promise of Prophylactic Immunization Against High-Risk Preneoplastic Lesions","authors":"T. Addissouky, Ibrahim El Tantawy El Sayed, Majeed M. A. Ali, Yuliang Wang, Ayman El Baz, Ahmed A. Khalil, N. Elarabany","doi":"10.33696/immunology.5.178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/immunology.5.178","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cancer remains a leading cause of mortality with modest declines, highlighting the need for more efficacious prevention strategies like early immunological intervention against premalignant disease. Main body of abstract: Oncogenic viruses demonstrate prophylactic vaccines can successfully reduce malignancy by blocking precipitating infections. However, most cancers lack viral etiology, requiring novel approaches targeting sporadic precancerous states to enable early immunoprevention. Preneoplastic tissues exhibit biological changes making them appealing targets for stimulating immune surveillance before additional mutations cause unconstrained proliferation. High-risk precancers also provide sources of dysregulated self-antigens. Yet challenges exist in lesion identification, overcoming tolerance, and avoiding inflammation potentially worsening progression. Multidisciplinary insights into precancer immunology, predictive biomarkers, antigen discovery, and combinatorial vaccination strategies are illuminating rational vaccine design. Despite obstacles, prophylactic immunization against early dysplastic changes holds disruptive potential if key steps advance this approach. Elucidating preneoplasia immunobiology and progression risk modeling will be critical to guide productive immune targeting while mitigating immunotherapy hazards. Thoughtful translation could eventually shift paradigms by priming immunosurveillance against peak vulnerability lesions. Short Conclusion: Advancements in precancer vaccines may profoundly expand prevention horizons. Cautious immune targeting of premalignant states could intercept progression toward widely disseminated malignancies. This warrants methodical efforts to unravel the promise of thwarting lethal cancers before they start.","PeriodicalId":73644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular immunology","volume":"234 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139212732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Type 1 Diabetes: A Disorder of the Exocrine and Endocrine Pancreas","authors":"Brittany S. Bruggeman, Desmond A. Schatz","doi":"10.33696/immunology.5.177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/immunology.5.177","url":null,"abstract":"Type 1 diabetes has historically been described as an endocrine (β-cell) specific autoimmune disease. However, a substantial reduction (20-50%) in pancreas organ size and subclinical to symptomatic exocrine pancreatic insufficiency are present at diagnosis and may begin even prior to the development of islet autoimmunity. The mechanisms of exocrine loss in type 1 diabetes are not well understood, but leading hypotheses include developmental defects, β-cell loss resulting in exocrine atrophy, or autoimmune or inflammatory destruction of exocrine cells. Inflammatory changes including acute and chronic pancreatitis, exocrine T cell infiltration and classical complement activation, and serum exocrine autoantibodies within type 1 diabetes individuals suggest that an autoimmune or inflammatory process may contribute to exocrine pancreatic dysfunction. Exocrine pancreas atrophy primarily occurs prior to the onset of clinical disease. Indeed, recent work implicates exocrine-specific alterations in gene and protein expression as key in type 1 diabetes development. Measures of exocrine size and function could be useful additions in the prediction of disease onset and in identifying potential therapeutic responders to disease therapies, however, this is an underdeveloped area of research. Additionally, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency is underdiagnosed in individuals with type 1 diabetes and individualized treatment protocols are lacking. Much work remains to be done in this area, but we can definitively say that type 1 diabetes is a disorder of both the exocrine and endocrine pancreas likely from the start.","PeriodicalId":73644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular immunology","volume":"904 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139242226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commentary on Updated Insight into the Role of Th2-Associated Immunity in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus","authors":"Xinyue Hou, Jinjin Chu, Shuhao Liu, Shuyu Jin, Jiamei Sun, Hui Wang, Haibo Li, Wei Liu, Chunxiang Chai, Sue Zhang, Donghua Xu","doi":"10.33696/immunology.5.176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/immunology.5.176","url":null,"abstract":"Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a common autoimmune disease caused by multiple factors. The pathogenesis of SLE remains unclear. Helper T cell 2 (Th2 cell) is essential for humoral immunity, which participates in regulating type 2 immune response by producing typical cytokines of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13. It is well known that Th2-associated immunity plays a vital role in autoimmune diseases, including SLE. However, current progress on the role and potential mechanism of Th2-associated immunity in SLE remains largely unknown. The work by Wang et al. have provided an in-depth association of Th2-associated immunity with SLE and the clinical application perspectives. We provide a more comprehensive and up-to-date commentary on Th2-associated immunity in regulating SLE to explore new therapeutic targets.","PeriodicalId":73644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular immunology","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136034771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial Prophylaxis in Lymphoma by Chemotherapy Regimen","authors":"Kamen W. Kossow, Joseph G. Bennett, Marc S Hoffmann","doi":"10.33696/immunology.5.175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/immunology.5.175","url":null,"abstract":"Treatment of lymphomas involves a wide variety of chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted-agents tailored to disease biology and patient characteristics. Each of these regimens carry their own risk of opportunistic infections in an immunocompromised population. In addition to the treatment associated immunosuppression, lymphoma itself is immunosuppressive. Lymphoma associated immunosuppression is secondary to increased production of abnormal lymphocytes resulting in decreased production of normally functioning lymphocytes. Additionally, lymphoma cells induce both humoral and cellular immunosuppression through effects on numerous cytokines, T-cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and macrophages. Clinical trials, patient co-morbidities, and institutional preferences all play a role in determining the preferred antimicrobial prophylaxis. While there is a paucity of data on systematic reviews and guidelines for standardized chemotherapy regimens in lymphoma patients, the efficacy and recommendations for antimicrobial prophylaxis in specific chemotherapy regimens for lymphoma has not been fully reviewed. According to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network, lymphoma is generally regarded as an ‘intermediate risk’ cancer with regards to overall infection risk. This results in discordance between research data and clinical practice. This is reiterated in the SIGNIFICANT trial which reported that while guidelines previously advised against fluoroquinolone prophylaxis in lymphoma and solid cancers, a survey of 3,600 physicians revealed that 45% routinely used fluoroquinolone prophylaxis despite these recommendations. This review article analyzes numerous research studies with summarization of findings and antimicrobial prophylaxis recommendations based on specific lymphoma chemotherapy regimens. With regards to each specific chemotherapy regimen assessed, indications for antibacterial, anti-viral, anti-fungal, and Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PJP) prophylaxis were determined for each regimen. The degree of immunosuppression and the necessary prophylaxis varies across different regimens and lymphoma subgroups; and thus, an individualized approach is necessary to optimize the supportive care during lymphoma treatment.","PeriodicalId":73644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular immunology","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136032641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Would It be Possible for a SARS-CoV-2 Infection to Affect the Male Reproductive System?","authors":"Kaveh Rahimi, Akram Ebrahimifar, Mehri Rahimi","doi":"10.33696/immunology.5.173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/immunology.5.173","url":null,"abstract":"The male reproductive system may be affected by the systemic infections of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The precise mechanisms of male reproductive impairment are not well known. There are two possible mechanisms for the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on the male reproductive system either directly through the impact of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor on testicular tissue or indirectly through the effect of the secondary autoimmune response on testicular functions. The second mechanism is more likely. Extensive studies need to be conducted on the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the functional characteristics of sperm and the results of natural fertilization or assisted reproductive technology.","PeriodicalId":73644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular immunology","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135697313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluoxetine is Antimicrobial and Modulates the Antibiotic Resistance Status of Bacteria","authors":"Alison M Mackay","doi":"10.33696/immunology.5.172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/immunology.5.172","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular immunology","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135387137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Regulation Impact of Naringenin-loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles on Succinate Dehydrogenase Activity in Cancer Cells","authors":"Eman M. Ragab, Abeer A. Khamis, Doaa M. El Gamal, Tarek M. Mohamed","doi":"10.33696/immunology.5.169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/immunology.5.169","url":null,"abstract":"Oxidative phosphorylation dysregulation (OXPHOS) has been demonstrated to be essential for the development of cancer. Therefore, it may be argued that chaperone and deacetylase activities modulate OXPHOS activity. For instance, a complicated network of interactions connects a cell’s bioenergetic features and neoplastic potential through the imbalance of sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) enzymatic activity in mitochondria. The studies outlined in this review indicate that targeting SDH regulators is a promising novel therapeutic strategy for this extremely resistant disease. Additionally, a viable therapeutic strategy may involve triggering the cell death mechanism in cancer cells by blocking mitochondrial metabolism with a natural substance. A naturally occurring flavonoid called naringenin (NAR) has been extensively investigated for its pharmacological properties, which include anti-tumor actions. However, due to its low bioavailability in this situation, nanoencapsulation is designed to improve NAR anticancer efficacy. NAR can be encapsulated by chitosan nanoparticles-TPP conjugates, thereby improving NAR cellular absorption and cytotoxicity against cancer cells. Consequently, we proposed naringenin nanoparticles as a novel therapeutic target for SDH regulators in cancer.","PeriodicalId":73644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular immunology","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135580787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dysregulated CXCL12 Expression in Osteoblasts Promotes B-lymphocytes Preferentially Homing to the Bone Marrow in MRL/lpr Mice","authors":"Wenjuan Zheng, Yu Tang, Mengwei Cheng, Cui Ma, X. Fei, W. Shi","doi":"10.33696/immunology.5.168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/immunology.5.168","url":null,"abstract":"Peripheral circulating B-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes in the bone marrow (BM) show different responses to lymphotoxic or immunosuppressive agents. We explored the existence of a dysregulated distribution of B-lymphocytes between peripheral and BM compartments and the underlying mechanisms. The percentage of CXC chemokine receptor 4+ B (CXCR4+ B) cells was decreased in the peripheral blood (PB) and increased in the BM of MRL/lpr mice and SLE patients. CXC chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) production by BM osteoblasts (OBs) derived from MRL/lpr mice and SLE patients was higher than that obtained with C57BL/6 mice or healthy subjects. MRL/lpr-derived OBs demonstrated stronger chemotactic ability toward B-lymphocytes than control OBs, and more B-lymphocytes colocalized with OBs within the periosteal zone in MRL/lpr mice. Moreover, the CXCR4+ B cell percentages were negatively correlated with the serum immunoglobulin G concentration, and the BM CXCL12 levels were positively correlated with the systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index score and anti-double stranded DNA titer and negatively correlated with the serum complement 3 concentration. In conclusion, our results indicate a shifted distribution of B-lymphocytes between the BM and peripheral compartments in SLE patients and MRL/lpr mice and that the upregulation of CXCL12 in OBs likely contributes to enhanced chemotactic migration and anchorage of B-lymphocytes to OBs.","PeriodicalId":73644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46654472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}