Journal of cellular immunology最新文献

{"title":"Personalized Neoantigen DNA Cancer Vaccines: Current Status and Future Perspectives","authors":"Nadia Viborg, Daniela Kleine-Kohlbrecher, Birgitte Rønø","doi":"10.33696/immunology.6.188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/immunology.6.188","url":null,"abstract":"Tumor mutation-derived neoantigens are considered promising targets for cancer immunotherapy. Personalized vaccines have emerged as an approach to deliver neoantigens and thereby trigger the induction of specific T-cell responses that can find and eliminate tumor cells based on the cell-surface presence of neoantigens. To this end, several neoantigen vaccine formats have provided encouraging results in clinical trials, resulting in neoantigen immunogenicity and clinical benefit. DNA offers a versatile and safe platform to deliver neoantigens and immune stimulants in a single entity through vaccination. Herein, we provide an overview of how DNA vaccines are being used as a means to deliver personalized neoantigens to cancer patients. We summarize the developments in DNA vaccine formulation and delivery technologies that contribute to elicit robust immune responses after vaccination. We outline the main results from central preclinical and clinical investigations, showing that neoantigen DNA vaccines induce a specific immune response directed against tumor neoantigens. Lastly, we discuss the opportunities and challenges for neoantigen DNA vaccines as an individualized approach to immunotherapy of cancer.","PeriodicalId":73644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular immunology","volume":"9 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140362388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytoreductive Nephrectomy Following Immunotherapy: Evolution, Pearls, and Pitfalls of Treatment.","authors":"Laura E Davis, Adam Calaway, Eric A Singer, Shawn Dason","doi":"10.33696/immunology.6.202","DOIUrl":"10.33696/immunology.6.202","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) is among the most frequently diagnosed malignancies in both genders with over 81,000 estimated cases in 2024. Despite increasing incidence of renal cell carcinomas <4 cm, up to 1/3 of patients diagnosed with RCC exhibit metastatic disease (mRCC) at time of diagnosis. Cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN), a procedure which encompasses the surgical removal of the primary tumor in patients with metastatic disease, was offered upfront as standard of care during the cytokine era; however, as systemic treatment has evolved, the role of CN in mRCC patients has become less clear.</p><p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>We sought to review the evolution of CN in mRCC patients from historical treatments through current standard of care considering ongoing clinical trials and perioperative considerations for CN in patients treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CN following immunotherapy is safe and beneficial in appropriately selected patients. The choice to perform CN in patients with mRCC amidst an ever-changing treatment landscape is nuanced. Clinical trial enrollment is critical to refine selection criteria and timing of CN. As treatment options continue to progress, shared decision-making and multidisciplinary collaboration remain paramount in selecting the optimal treatment course for each patient.</p>","PeriodicalId":73644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular immunology","volume":"6 4","pages":"163-170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11661816/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142878792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Chikungunya Arthritis Disease Activity Score (CHIK-DAS) Based on a Prospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Aileen Y Chang, Samuel Simmens, Hugh Watson, Richard L Amdur, André Siqueira, Abigale Proctor, Sarah Tritsch, Carlos Andres Herrera Gomez, Liliana Encinales, Alfonso Sucerquia Hernández, Jose Forero-Mejía, Alejandro Jaller, Juan Jose Jaller, J Kennedy Amaral, Ilana Heckler, Gary L Simon, Larry Moreland, Andres Cadena, Gary S Firestein","doi":"10.33696/immunology.6.211","DOIUrl":"10.33696/immunology.6.211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Chikungunya virus is spread by mosquitos and causes a debilitating chronic arthritis that has no standard treatment to date and no specific measures of disease activity. The objective of this expert group was to develop a measure of chikungunya arthritis that would be useful for clinical trials and patient care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A group of rheumatologists and biostatisticians experienced in the clinical and pathological mechanisms of chikungunya evaluated component measures for inclusion in a chikungunya arthritis disease activity score (CHIK-DAS). Utilizing data from a Colombian cohort of 158 chikungunya arthritis patients, linear regression identified components that were independently associated with patient reported outcomes assessing disability, pain, physical and mental quality of life and mobility. A preliminary instrument was developed using multiple imputation and regression backward selection. Cutoffs for grading disease severity were determined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Stiffness, ankle tenderness, and a 30 tender joint count that included the 28 joints traditionally included in the Disease Activity Score-28 were selected in a regression model predicting a composite of five patient reported outcomes. A CHIK-DAS scoring formula was developed through a weighted combination of these selected variables. In comparison to the DAS-28, the CHIK-DAS had improved predictive value for a composite outcome of disability, pain, physical and mental quality of life and mobility. Disease activity cutoffs were defined for remission (<40), mild (40-49.99), moderate (50-59.99) and severe (60+) disease.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The CHIK-DAS is a chikungunya specific measure of disease activity that includes the DAS-28 with the addition of ankle tenderness and a stiffness item that are prominent components of chikungunya arthritis. CHIK-DAS may be used as a specific measure of disease activity in chikungunya arthritis in clinical trials and patient care. This metric needs further validation in additional cohorts.</p>","PeriodicalId":73644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular immunology","volume":"6 6","pages":"236-246"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12074665/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144060311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can Molecular Biomarkers be Utilized to Determine Appropriate Adjuvant Therapy in Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)?","authors":"Prashanth Ashok Kumar, Alina Basnet, Stephen Graziano","doi":"10.33696/immunology.6.193","DOIUrl":"10.33696/immunology.6.193","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular immunology","volume":"6 2","pages":"82-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11218564/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141494528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Telling Your Research Story.","authors":"Houmam Araj","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular immunology","volume":"6 5","pages":"209-210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11565487/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142649688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Natural Metabolite and Inhibitor of the NLRP3 Inflammasome: 4-hydroxynonenal.","authors":"Jinmin Zhang, Bradford C Berk, Chia George Hsu","doi":"10.33696/immunology.6.192","DOIUrl":"10.33696/immunology.6.192","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, crucial in the innate immune response, is linked to various human diseases. However, the effect of endogenous metabolites, like 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), on NLRP3 inflammasome activity remains underexplored. Recent research highlights HNE's inhibitory role in NLRP3 inflammasome activation, shedding light on its potential as an endogenous regulator of inflammatory responses. Studies demonstrate that HNE blocks NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis and IL-1β secretion. Additionally, covalent targeting emerges as a common mechanism for inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome assembly, offering promising avenues for therapeutic intervention. Further investigation is needed to understand the impact of endogenous HNE on NLRP3 inflammasome activation, especially in settings where lipid peroxidation byproducts like HNE are produced. Understanding the intricate interplay between HNE and the NLRP3 inflammasome holds significant potential for unraveling novel therapeutic strategies for inflammatory disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":73644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular immunology","volume":"6 2","pages":"76-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11174152/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141319168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Role of the Renin-angiotensin System in COVID-19: Implications for ACE Inhibitor and ARB Use During SARS-CoV-2 Infection.","authors":"Sarah R Tritsch, Evelyn Mendoza-Torres, Mónica Gómez-Pulido, Jairo Castellar-López, Rebecca Lynch, Carlos Herrera Gomez, Hana Akselrod, Adrienne Poon, Sam Simmens, Christopher N Mores, Gary Simon, Lauren C Ray, Sarah Conway, Aileen Y Chang","doi":"10.33696/immunology.6.213","DOIUrl":"10.33696/immunology.6.213","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to investigate the role of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in COVID-19, particularly focusing on key components such as ACE, ACE2, and their related peptides, angiotensin-(1-7) and angiotensin-(1-9). Using serum samples from healthy controls and both non-severe and severe COVID-19 patients, ELISA assays revealed no significant differences in these RAS components between the groups. In addition, <i>in vitro</i> studies showed no impact of ACE inhibitors or Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARB) on cell viability during SARS-CoV-2 infection. These clinical findings suggest that RAS alterations may not be a major factor in COVID-19 severity and the <i>in vitro</i> data support current guidelines, indicating the safety of continuing ACE inhibitors and ARBs in COVID-19 patients without evidence of increased SARS-CoV-2 infectivity in the presence of these compounds. This study highlights the lack of significant changes in key RAS components during COVID-19 in a clinical cohort and provides critical <i>in vitro</i> evidence supporting the continued use of ACE inhibitors and ARBs in treating patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":73644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular immunology","volume":"6 6","pages":"255-265"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12101613/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144144891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology, Symptoms and Pathophysiology of Long Covid Complications.","authors":"Chongyang Zhang, Chiung-Yu Hung, Chia George Hsu","doi":"10.33696/immunology.6.209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/immunology.6.209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Long COVID, or post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection, reports to affect a significant proportion of COVID-19 survivors, leading to persistent and multi-organ complications. This review examines the epidemiology, symptoms of long COVID complications, including cardiac, hematological, vascular, pulmonary, neuropsychiatric, renal, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, immune dysregulation, and dermatological issues. By synthesizing the latest research, this article provides a comprehensive overview of the prevalence and detailed pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these complications. The purpose of this review is to enhance the understanding of diverse and complex nature of long COVID and emphasize the need for ongoing research, seeking to support future studies for better management of long COVID.</p>","PeriodicalId":73644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular immunology","volume":"6 5","pages":"219-230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12021439/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144054834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Neutrophil Elastase Inhibitors as Potential Therapies for <i>ELANE</i> Associated Neutropenia.","authors":"Vahagn Makaryan, Merideth Kelley, Audrey Anna Bolyard, Gobind Chugh, David C Dale","doi":"10.33696/immunology.6.208","DOIUrl":"10.33696/immunology.6.208","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neutrophil elastase (<i>ELANE</i>) mutations are the most common cause of cyclic (CyN) and congenital neutropenia (SCN), two autosomal dominant disorders causing recurrent infections due to impaired neutrophil production. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) corrects neutropenia but has adverse effects, including bone pain and in some cases, an increased risk of myelodysplasia (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is an alternative but is limited by its complications and donor availability. Alternative therapies are needed, particularly for patients with poor responses to G-CSF and those at higher risk of MDS/AML. We previously reported that cell-permeable neutrophil elastase (NE) inhibitors are a potential treatment for <i>ELANE</i> neutropenia, based on studies using HL-60 cells. Our hypothesis was that mutant NE was not properly stored to the neutrophil granules and thereby caused cytoplasmic damage, activation of apoptotic pathways and neutropenia. We have extended this work using CD34⁺ cells from patients with <i>ELANE</i> mutations and several selective NE inhibitors, i.e., MK0339, sivelestat, BAY-678, and GW311616, as well as the DDP1 inhibitor, brensocatib. Only MK0339 restored neutrophil differentiation with an increase in the proportion of neutrophil marker-positive cells (CD66b⁺/CD14⁺ and CD11b⁺/CD15⁺). In contrast, other NE inhibitors, i.e., sivelestat, BAY-678, and GW311616 and the DPP1 inhibitor, brensocatib, showed no effect on neutrophil differentiation. Molecular docking studies showed that MK0339 binds to an alternative site on the NE protein compared to other inhibitors with greater inhibitor-NE protein stability, suggesting a unique mechanism of action and supporting further investigation of MK0339 as a therapy for <i>ELANE</i> associated neutropenia.</p>","PeriodicalId":73644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular immunology","volume":"6 5","pages":"211-218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11759478/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143049027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Essentials of CAR-T Therapy and Associated Microbial Challenges in Long Run Immunotherapy.","authors":"Muhammad Kalim, Rui Jing, Xin Li, Zhiwu Jiang, Ningbo Zheng, Ziyu Wang, Guo Wei, Yong Lu","doi":"10.33696/immunology.6.189","DOIUrl":"10.33696/immunology.6.189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has shown potential in improving outcomes for individuals with hematological malignancies. However, achieving long-term full remission for blood cancer remains challenging due to severe life-threatening toxicities such as limited anti-tumor efficacy, antigen escape, trafficking restrictions, and limited tumor invasion. Furthermore, the interactions between CAR-T cells and their host tumor microenvironments have a significant impact on CAR-T function. To overcome these considerable hurdles, fresh methodologies and approaches are needed to produce more powerful CAR-T cells with greater anti-tumor activity and less toxicity. Despite advances in CAR-T research, microbial resistance remains a significant obstacle. In this review, we discuss and describe the basics of CAR-T structures, generations, challenges, and potential risks of infections in CAR-T cell therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":73644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular immunology","volume":"6 1","pages":"22-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11172397/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141332652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}