Journal of cellular immunology最新文献

{"title":"Personalized Neoantigen DNA Cancer Vaccines: Current Status and Future Perspectives","authors":"Nadia Viborg, Daniela Kleine-Kohlbrecher, Birgitte Rønø","doi":"10.33696/immunology.6.188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/immunology.6.188","url":null,"abstract":"Tumor mutation-derived neoantigens are considered promising targets for cancer immunotherapy. Personalized vaccines have emerged as an approach to deliver neoantigens and thereby trigger the induction of specific T-cell responses that can find and eliminate tumor cells based on the cell-surface presence of neoantigens. To this end, several neoantigen vaccine formats have provided encouraging results in clinical trials, resulting in neoantigen immunogenicity and clinical benefit. DNA offers a versatile and safe platform to deliver neoantigens and immune stimulants in a single entity through vaccination. Herein, we provide an overview of how DNA vaccines are being used as a means to deliver personalized neoantigens to cancer patients. We summarize the developments in DNA vaccine formulation and delivery technologies that contribute to elicit robust immune responses after vaccination. We outline the main results from central preclinical and clinical investigations, showing that neoantigen DNA vaccines induce a specific immune response directed against tumor neoantigens. Lastly, we discuss the opportunities and challenges for neoantigen DNA vaccines as an individualized approach to immunotherapy of cancer.","PeriodicalId":73644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular immunology","volume":"9 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140362388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytoreductive Nephrectomy Following Immunotherapy: Evolution, Pearls, and Pitfalls of Treatment.","authors":"Laura E Davis, Adam Calaway, Eric A Singer, Shawn Dason","doi":"10.33696/immunology.6.202","DOIUrl":"10.33696/immunology.6.202","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) is among the most frequently diagnosed malignancies in both genders with over 81,000 estimated cases in 2024. Despite increasing incidence of renal cell carcinomas <4 cm, up to 1/3 of patients diagnosed with RCC exhibit metastatic disease (mRCC) at time of diagnosis. Cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN), a procedure which encompasses the surgical removal of the primary tumor in patients with metastatic disease, was offered upfront as standard of care during the cytokine era; however, as systemic treatment has evolved, the role of CN in mRCC patients has become less clear.</p><p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>We sought to review the evolution of CN in mRCC patients from historical treatments through current standard of care considering ongoing clinical trials and perioperative considerations for CN in patients treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CN following immunotherapy is safe and beneficial in appropriately selected patients. The choice to perform CN in patients with mRCC amidst an ever-changing treatment landscape is nuanced. Clinical trial enrollment is critical to refine selection criteria and timing of CN. As treatment options continue to progress, shared decision-making and multidisciplinary collaboration remain paramount in selecting the optimal treatment course for each patient.</p>","PeriodicalId":73644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular immunology","volume":"6 4","pages":"163-170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11661816/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142878792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can Molecular Biomarkers be Utilized to Determine Appropriate Adjuvant Therapy in Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)?","authors":"Prashanth Ashok Kumar, Alina Basnet, Stephen Graziano","doi":"10.33696/immunology.6.193","DOIUrl":"10.33696/immunology.6.193","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular immunology","volume":"6 2","pages":"82-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11218564/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141494528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Telling Your Research Story.","authors":"Houmam Araj","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular immunology","volume":"6 5","pages":"209-210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11565487/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142649688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Natural Metabolite and Inhibitor of the NLRP3 Inflammasome: 4-hydroxynonenal.","authors":"Jinmin Zhang, Bradford C Berk, Chia George Hsu","doi":"10.33696/immunology.6.192","DOIUrl":"10.33696/immunology.6.192","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, crucial in the innate immune response, is linked to various human diseases. However, the effect of endogenous metabolites, like 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), on NLRP3 inflammasome activity remains underexplored. Recent research highlights HNE's inhibitory role in NLRP3 inflammasome activation, shedding light on its potential as an endogenous regulator of inflammatory responses. Studies demonstrate that HNE blocks NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis and IL-1β secretion. Additionally, covalent targeting emerges as a common mechanism for inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome assembly, offering promising avenues for therapeutic intervention. Further investigation is needed to understand the impact of endogenous HNE on NLRP3 inflammasome activation, especially in settings where lipid peroxidation byproducts like HNE are produced. Understanding the intricate interplay between HNE and the NLRP3 inflammasome holds significant potential for unraveling novel therapeutic strategies for inflammatory disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":73644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular immunology","volume":"6 2","pages":"76-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11174152/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141319168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Essentials of CAR-T Therapy and Associated Microbial Challenges in Long Run Immunotherapy.","authors":"Muhammad Kalim, Rui Jing, Xin Li, Zhiwu Jiang, Ningbo Zheng, Ziyu Wang, Guo Wei, Yong Lu","doi":"10.33696/immunology.6.189","DOIUrl":"10.33696/immunology.6.189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has shown potential in improving outcomes for individuals with hematological malignancies. However, achieving long-term full remission for blood cancer remains challenging due to severe life-threatening toxicities such as limited anti-tumor efficacy, antigen escape, trafficking restrictions, and limited tumor invasion. Furthermore, the interactions between CAR-T cells and their host tumor microenvironments have a significant impact on CAR-T function. To overcome these considerable hurdles, fresh methodologies and approaches are needed to produce more powerful CAR-T cells with greater anti-tumor activity and less toxicity. Despite advances in CAR-T research, microbial resistance remains a significant obstacle. In this review, we discuss and describe the basics of CAR-T structures, generations, challenges, and potential risks of infections in CAR-T cell therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":73644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular immunology","volume":"6 1","pages":"22-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11172397/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141332652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Natural History of Post-Chikungunya Viral Arthritis Disease Activity and T-cell Immunology: A Cohort Study.","authors":"Aileen Yu-Hen Chang, Alfonso Sucerquia Hernández, Jose Forero Mejía, Sarah Renee Tritsch, Evelyn Mendoza-Torres, Liliana Encinales, Andres Cadena Bonfanti, Abigale Marie Proctor, Gary Leonard Simon, Samuel Joseph Simmens, Gary Steven Firestein","doi":"10.33696/immunology.6.191","DOIUrl":"10.33696/immunology.6.191","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an alphavirus spread by mosquitos that causes arthralgias and arthritis that may last for years. The objective of this study was to describe the arthritis progression and T cell immunology over a two-year period.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cohort of 40 cases of serologically confirmed CHIKV from Magdalena and Atlántico, Colombia were followed in 2019 and again in 2021. Arthritis disease severity, disability, pain, stiffness, physical function, mobility, fatigue, anxiety, sleep disturbances and depression were assessed. Serum cytokines and T-cell subsets were measured and tested for change. Correlations within each of the 2 time periods for laboratory parameters were also examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Although, arthritis disease severity, as measured by the Disease Activity Score-28 (DAS-28) did not change significantly over a two-year period, a new metric- the Chikungunya Disease Activity Score (CHIK-DAS)- was more sensitive to detect changes in disease severity than the Disease Activity Score-28 (DAS-28) and showed some improvement in average disease severity from moderate to mild over two years. Cases were characterized by moderate disability, pain, and stiffness with mild alterations of physical function, mobility, fatigue, anxiety, sleep disturbances and depression that did not change significantly over time. Small joints including the fingers and wrists were most affected without significant change over time. The percentage of effector T cells (Teffs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs) of CD4⁺ T cells both decreased over time. Teff percentages decreased more significantly resulting in a halving of the Teff/Treg ratio two years later. Furthermore, markers of Treg immunosuppressive function such as CTLA4, Helios, CD28, CD45RA and 41bb decreased over time. Cytokines did not change significantly over time.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The presented data suggest that arthritis persists almost seven years after chikungunya infection in some patients with waning Teff and Treg numbers and activation markers over time. Treg activation may be a promising therapeutic target for further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":73644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular immunology","volume":"6 2","pages":"64-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11172407/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141319169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polyamines: Key Players in Immunometabolism and Immune Regulation.","authors":"Shanmuga S Mahalingam, Pushpa Pandiyan","doi":"10.33696/immunology.6.206","DOIUrl":"10.33696/immunology.6.206","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polyamines are small organic molecules ubiquitously present in all living organisms and function as crucial regulators of biological processes ranging from fundamental cellular metabolism to immune regulation. Dysregulation of polyamine metabolism has been implicated in numerous diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, inflammatory conditions, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. This review provides an overview of pathophysiology of these conditions, highlighting polyamines' role in immunometabolic alterations in the context of immune regulation. Exploring the intricate mechanisms of polyamine metabolism holds promise for advancing our understanding of disease processes and developing potential innovative therapeutic interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":73644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular immunology","volume":"6 5","pages":"196-208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11666123/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142883763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can Vaccines Stop Cancer Before It Starts? Assessing the Promise of Prophylactic Immunization Against High-Risk Preneoplastic Lesions","authors":"T. Addissouky, Ibrahim El Tantawy El Sayed, Majeed M. A. Ali, Yuliang Wang, Ayman El Baz, Ahmed A. Khalil, N. Elarabany","doi":"10.33696/immunology.5.178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/immunology.5.178","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cancer remains a leading cause of mortality with modest declines, highlighting the need for more efficacious prevention strategies like early immunological intervention against premalignant disease. Main body of abstract: Oncogenic viruses demonstrate prophylactic vaccines can successfully reduce malignancy by blocking precipitating infections. However, most cancers lack viral etiology, requiring novel approaches targeting sporadic precancerous states to enable early immunoprevention. Preneoplastic tissues exhibit biological changes making them appealing targets for stimulating immune surveillance before additional mutations cause unconstrained proliferation. High-risk precancers also provide sources of dysregulated self-antigens. Yet challenges exist in lesion identification, overcoming tolerance, and avoiding inflammation potentially worsening progression. Multidisciplinary insights into precancer immunology, predictive biomarkers, antigen discovery, and combinatorial vaccination strategies are illuminating rational vaccine design. Despite obstacles, prophylactic immunization against early dysplastic changes holds disruptive potential if key steps advance this approach. Elucidating preneoplasia immunobiology and progression risk modeling will be critical to guide productive immune targeting while mitigating immunotherapy hazards. Thoughtful translation could eventually shift paradigms by priming immunosurveillance against peak vulnerability lesions. Short Conclusion: Advancements in precancer vaccines may profoundly expand prevention horizons. Cautious immune targeting of premalignant states could intercept progression toward widely disseminated malignancies. This warrants methodical efforts to unravel the promise of thwarting lethal cancers before they start.","PeriodicalId":73644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular immunology","volume":"234 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139212732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Type 1 Diabetes: A Disorder of the Exocrine and Endocrine Pancreas","authors":"Brittany S. Bruggeman, Desmond A. Schatz","doi":"10.33696/immunology.5.177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/immunology.5.177","url":null,"abstract":"Type 1 diabetes has historically been described as an endocrine (β-cell) specific autoimmune disease. However, a substantial reduction (20-50%) in pancreas organ size and subclinical to symptomatic exocrine pancreatic insufficiency are present at diagnosis and may begin even prior to the development of islet autoimmunity. The mechanisms of exocrine loss in type 1 diabetes are not well understood, but leading hypotheses include developmental defects, β-cell loss resulting in exocrine atrophy, or autoimmune or inflammatory destruction of exocrine cells. Inflammatory changes including acute and chronic pancreatitis, exocrine T cell infiltration and classical complement activation, and serum exocrine autoantibodies within type 1 diabetes individuals suggest that an autoimmune or inflammatory process may contribute to exocrine pancreatic dysfunction. Exocrine pancreas atrophy primarily occurs prior to the onset of clinical disease. Indeed, recent work implicates exocrine-specific alterations in gene and protein expression as key in type 1 diabetes development. Measures of exocrine size and function could be useful additions in the prediction of disease onset and in identifying potential therapeutic responders to disease therapies, however, this is an underdeveloped area of research. Additionally, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency is underdiagnosed in individuals with type 1 diabetes and individualized treatment protocols are lacking. Much work remains to be done in this area, but we can definitively say that type 1 diabetes is a disorder of both the exocrine and endocrine pancreas likely from the start.","PeriodicalId":73644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular immunology","volume":"904 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139242226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}