Advances in neurobiology最新文献_第5页

Hippocampal Neurogenesis via Light-Intensity Running and Its Mechanism. 通过光强度跑步的海马神经发生及其机制。

Advances in neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-95-0066-6_3

Koshiro Inoue, Hideaki Soya

{"title":"Hippocampal Neurogenesis via Light-Intensity Running and Its Mechanism.","authors":"Koshiro Inoue, Hideaki Soya","doi":"10.1007/978-981-95-0066-6_3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-981-95-0066-6_3","url":null,"abstract":"Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) is the process of generating new neurons in the adult hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). Exercise promotes AHN and improves hippocampal function through neuroplastic enhancement. The underlying regulatory factors of this process are currently being vigorously studied. However, many previous studies have used a rodent wheel-running model, in which the exercise condition (e.g., volume, intensity, duration) cannot be controlled. In contrast, treadmill running (TR) allows the precise regulation of conditions such that animals can run according to specific experimental aims. Understanding the intensity-dependent effects of exercise on AHN and hippocampal functions, and the underlying mechanisms, is crucial for the development of exercise prescriptions for humans in diverse educational and clinical fields. Based on the lactate threshold (LT), an inflection point at which blood lactate accumulation drastically rises during incremental exercise, exercise can be defined as minimal-stress light-intensity exercise (below LT) and exercise-derived-stress vigorous-intensity exercise (above LT). This chapter begins with a brief overview of AHN, followed by a discussion of LT-based exercise effects on AHN and hippocampal function as they vary with exercise intensity, primarily following the findings from the TR models, and closing with the molecular factors involved in AHN and hippocampal function regulation.","PeriodicalId":7360,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neurobiology","volume":"44 ","pages":"39-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145147473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Involvement of Dopamine in Cognitive Improvement by Aerobic Exercise. 多巴胺参与有氧运动的认知改善。

Advances in neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-95-0066-6_10

Soichi Ando, Toshihiko Fujimoto, Mizuki Sudo, Manabu Tashiro

{"title":"Involvement of Dopamine in Cognitive Improvement by Aerobic Exercise.","authors":"Soichi Ando, Toshihiko Fujimoto, Mizuki Sudo, Manabu Tashiro","doi":"10.1007/978-981-95-0066-6_10","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-981-95-0066-6_10","url":null,"abstract":"It has been suggested that acute physical exercise at low to moderate intensity improves cognitive function, as shown by improvements in cognitive performance. Decades of research have explored or discussed physiological mechanisms underlying cognitive improvements induced by acute exercise. However, the precise physiological mechanisms responsible for improvements in cognitive function remain to be elucidated. There is a large body of evidence to suggest that cognitive function is linked with dopamine (DA) in the brain. Rodent studies have shown that acute exercise releases neurotransmitters in the brain. Recent studies using positron emission tomography (PET) have also suggested that acute exercise released endogenous DA in humans. Furthermore, it appears that endogenous DA release is linked with improvements in cognitive function induced by acute exercise. Therefore, in this chapter, we focus on DA and discuss it as a promising candidate to account for exercise-cognition interaction, particularly improvement in cognitive function induced by acute exercise. We propose that further studies using PET would be helpful to progress our understanding of improvements in cognitive function induced by acute exercise.","PeriodicalId":7360,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neurobiology","volume":"44 ","pages":"191-203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145147504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Drosophila as an Animal Model To Determine the Functional and Behavioral Significance of Dopamine Transporter Genetic Variations Associated with Brain Disorders. 果蝇作为动物模型来确定多巴胺转运体遗传变异与脑部疾病相关的功能和行为意义。

Advances in neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-96364-3_9

Samuel J Mabry, Angela M Carter, Aurelio Galli

{"title":"Drosophila as an Animal Model To Determine the Functional and Behavioral Significance of Dopamine Transporter Genetic Variations Associated with Brain Disorders.","authors":"Samuel J Mabry, Angela M Carter, Aurelio Galli","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-96364-3_9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-96364-3_9","url":null,"abstract":"Drosophila melanogaster, commonly referred to as the \"fruit fly,\" has been a long-utilized animal model in multiple areas of biological research. It is estimated that 75% of human genes, which are associated with disease, have homologues in Drosophila. The conservation of biological systems, the genetic tractability, short generation time, and a broad array of available behavioral assessments make Drosophila an especially robust model organism for neuroscience investigations. The dopamine (DA) system, in particular, is highly conserved between mammals and Drosophila. Mutations of the DA transporter (DAT), a negative regulator of DA neurotransmission, have been associated with multiple different neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, including autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and Parkinson's disease (PD). Utilization of Drosophila models demonstrates specific structural and functional alterations in mutated DAT that manifest as unique behavioral phenotypes. Ultimately, combining techniques ranging from biochemistry, electrochemistry, and complex behavioral analyses facilitated a deeper understanding of how transporter function and dysfunction can translate to neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders.","PeriodicalId":7360,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neurobiology","volume":"46 ","pages":"215-234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145231300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Demyelination and Remyelination: General Principles. 脱髓鞘和再鞘：一般原理。

Advances in neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-87919-7_9

Jianqin Niu, Alexei Verkhratsky, Arthur Butt, Chenju Yi

{"title":"Demyelination and Remyelination: General Principles.","authors":"Jianqin Niu, Alexei Verkhratsky, Arthur Butt, Chenju Yi","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-87919-7_9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-87919-7_9","url":null,"abstract":"Myelinating oligodendrocytes and oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) make up half the cells in the central nervous system and are affected by and contribute to all neurological diseases. The pathology of myelinating oligodendrocytes is fundamentally characterized by myelin disruption and loss, termed demyelination, whereas that of OPCs is principally defined by remyelination and repair in the form of regeneration of myelinating oligodendrocytes. Demyelination is generally associated with white matter diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, although oligodendroglial pathology is a major factor in most neuropathologies, including Alzheimer's disease, ischaemic injury, and traumatic injury. Oligodendroglial changes are often driven by neuroinflammatory factors and involve oxidative stress, metabolic malfunction, and excitotoxicity. Understanding the complexities of demyelination and remyelination pathogenesis is essential for the development of new therapeutic strategies. In this chapter, we summarise the key features of demyelination and remyelination, discuss factors underlying a remyelination failure, and compare the differences between humans and mice. We propose some perspectives on treatment strategies for remyelination in the hope that future advances will provide solutions to the challenges associated with demyelinating diseases.","PeriodicalId":7360,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neurobiology","volume":"43 ","pages":"207-255"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Acute Exercise Effects on Executive Function: Exploring the Relationship and Moderating Factors Through the 3W+1H Framework. 急性运动对执行功能的影响：通过3W+1H框架探讨其关系及调节因素。

Advances in neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-95-0066-6_9

Feng-Tzu Chen, Chen-Sin Hung, Nai-Chi Chen, Yu-Kai Chang

{"title":"Acute Exercise Effects on Executive Function: Exploring the Relationship and Moderating Factors Through the 3W+1H Framework.","authors":"Feng-Tzu Chen, Chen-Sin Hung, Nai-Chi Chen, Yu-Kai Chang","doi":"10.1007/978-981-95-0066-6_9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-981-95-0066-6_9","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter delves into the impact of acute exercise on executive function-a key component of cognitive functions. Despite a robust body of evidence showcasing the substantial benefits of chronic exercise on executive function, a notable gap exists in our understanding of its acute effects. The chapter unfolds in four key segments. Firstly, it provides a succinct definition of executive function. Subsequently, it synthesizes findings from previous systematic reviews and meta-analyses, elucidating the overall impact of acute exercise on executive function. Despite occasional discrepancies in individual studies, a consistent positive association emerges. The third segment employs the 3W+1H framework to explore moderators shaping this relationship, scrutinizing the \"Who, What, When, and How\" factors. Through this lens, the chapter aims to uncover nuanced conditions under which acute exercise optimally enhances executive function. Lastly, the chapter outlines future research directions, emphasizing the necessity for targeted investigations to refine our understanding of the intricate interplay between acute exercise and executive function. This inquiry contributes to the ongoing discourse on the benefits of exercise for executive function, offering insights with potential applications in both research and practical contexts to promote cognitive well-being.","PeriodicalId":7360,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neurobiology","volume":"44 ","pages":"175-189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145147355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gating of Neuroplasticity: Effects and Mechanisms of Acute Aerobic Exercise as a Brain Stimulation for the Sensorimotor Cortex. 神经可塑性门控：急性有氧运动对感觉运动皮层的脑刺激作用和机制。

Advances in neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-95-0066-6_22

Yudai Yamazaki, Daisuke Sato, Koya Yamashiro

{"title":"Gating of Neuroplasticity: Effects and Mechanisms of Acute Aerobic Exercise as a Brain Stimulation for the Sensorimotor Cortex.","authors":"Yudai Yamazaki, Daisuke Sato, Koya Yamashiro","doi":"10.1007/978-981-95-0066-6_22","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-981-95-0066-6_22","url":null,"abstract":"Aerobic exercise works as a \"brain stimulation\" or \"medicine\" to improve executive function, memory, and mental health. In addition to this evidence, recent studies have demonstrated that aerobic exercise positively affects neuroplasticity in the sensorimotor cortex, which is essential for motor skill learning, or rehabilitation in patients with central nervous system disorders. A shift in the excitatory/inhibitory balance within the sensorimotor cortex through the modulation of intracortical excitability elicited by aerobic exercise has been postulated as the underlying mechanism. In this chapter, we focus on acute aerobic exercise and summarize the effects of aerobic exercise on neuroplasticity in the sensorimotor cortex. Additionally, we describe the effects of acute aerobic exercise on changes in intracortical excitability and shifts in excitatory/inhibitory balance, which are considered mechanisms of enhanced neuroplasticity, with a brief explanation of the methods used to evaluate them. We provide important insights into the potential benefits of exercise beyond cognition and memory, thus expanding the role of aerobic exercise as a \"brain stimulation\" and \"medicine.\"","PeriodicalId":7360,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neurobiology","volume":"44 ","pages":"405-430"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145147416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Morphology of Oligodendroglial Cells. 少突胶质细胞的形态学。

Advances in neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-87919-7_5

Arthur Butt, Adam Willis, Rachel Stevens, Ian Hunter, Akiko Nishiyama

引用次数: 0

Role of Oligodendrocyte Lineage Cells in White Matter Injury. 少突胶质细胞系细胞在白质损伤中的作用。

Advances in neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-87919-7_11

Katarzyna Pieczonka, Oliver Zhang, Sogolie Kouhzaei, Alexander A Velumian, Michael G Fehlings

{"title":"Role of Oligodendrocyte Lineage Cells in White Matter Injury.","authors":"Katarzyna Pieczonka, Oliver Zhang, Sogolie Kouhzaei, Alexander A Velumian, Michael G Fehlings","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-87919-7_11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-87919-7_11","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter provides a comprehensive review of white matter injuries, with a particular focus on oligodendrocyte lineage cell-mediated mechanisms and strategies. Traumatic mechanical insults, vascular conditions, perinatal injuries, and degenerative diseases all have white matter components and can be studied using different animal models. These distinct etiologies converge on similar pathophysiological features comprised of programmed cell death of oligodendrocyte lineage cells, demyelination, release of myelin debris, ion imbalance, excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and Wallerian degeneration. Therapeutics that target oligodendrocyte lineage cells are warranted due to their role in remyelination, immunomodulation, circuit remodeling, and maintenance of vasculature. Thus, emerging diagnostic techniques can help in assessing the extent of oligodendrocyte lineage cell-related pathology, while regenerative treatments, including cell transplantation, endogenous cell mobilization, biomaterials, and rehabilitation, can facilitate recovery by driving regeneration of oligodendrocyte lineage cells and myelin. Despite tremendous progress in this field, the heterogeneity of oligodendrocyte lineage cells suggests that a personalized medicine approach may optimize recovery following injury.","PeriodicalId":7360,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neurobiology","volume":"43 ","pages":"281-316"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exercise Benefits Dentate Gyrus Function: Bridging from Animal Models to Human High-Resolution Functional MRI of Pattern Separation. 运动有益于齿状回功能：从动物模型到人类模式分离的高分辨率功能性MRI的桥梁。

Advances in neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-95-0066-6_5

Kazuya Suwabe, Michael A Yassa, Kenji Suzuki, Yoshiyuki Sankai, Hideaki Soya

{"title":"Exercise Benefits Dentate Gyrus Function: Bridging from Animal Models to Human High-Resolution Functional MRI of Pattern Separation.","authors":"Kazuya Suwabe, Michael A Yassa, Kenji Suzuki, Yoshiyuki Sankai, Hideaki Soya","doi":"10.1007/978-981-95-0066-6_5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-95-0066-6_5","url":null,"abstract":"Animal studies have demonstrated that physical exercise enhances neural plasticity, particularly in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG), and improves learning and memory. Notably, these effects are more pronounced with light-intensity exercise compared to higher-intensity exercise. Recent advancements have enabled the investigation of hippocampal memory in humans, especially DG-dependent pattern separation, providing a bridge between animal and human research. In this chapter, we outline the methodological approaches for assessing hippocampal pattern separation using mnemonic discrimination tasks and high-resolution MRI, and we review key studies examining the effects of aerobic exercise on human DG function. Evidence from cross-sectional, acute, and chronic exercise intervention studies supports the positive impact of exercise and physical activity, with some findings aligning with the exercise hormesis observed in animals. However, further research is needed to determine the optimal exercise conditions for enhancing hippocampal memory and to elucidate the underlying neural mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":7360,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neurobiology","volume":"44 ","pages":"95-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145147347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pharmacological Mechanisms of SLC6 Neurotransmitter Transporter Inhibition. SLC6神经递质转运抑制的药理机制。

Advances in neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-96364-3_1

Dipanjana Bandyopadhyay, Smruti Ranjan Nayak, Aravind Penmatsa

引用次数: 0