Advances in neurobiology最新文献

Impairment of Oligodendroglial Lineage Cells: An Important Player in the Pathogenesis of Psychiatric Disorders. 少突胶质谱系细胞损伤：精神疾病发病机制中的重要角色。

Advances in neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-87919-7_15

Shengyang Beina, Guangdan Yu, Nan-Xin Huang, Lan Xiao

引用次数: 0

An Overview of Oligodendrocyte Metabolism. 少突胶质细胞代谢综述。

Advances in neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-87919-7_7

Qi Han, Jin Cheng

引用次数: 0

Oligodendrocyte and Myelin Pathophysiology in Multiple Sclerosis. 少突胶质细胞和髓磷脂在多发性硬化症中的病理生理。

Advances in neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-87919-7_12

Eneritz López-Muguruza, Carla Peiró-Moreno, Asier Ruiz, Carlos Matute

{"title":"Oligodendrocyte and Myelin Pathophysiology in Multiple Sclerosis.","authors":"Eneritz López-Muguruza, Carla Peiró-Moreno, Asier Ruiz, Carlos Matute","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-87919-7_12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-87919-7_12","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune and progressive neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that has a highly variable clinical manifestation and course. MS targets primarily myelin and oligodendroglia; however, all glial cells and neurons become involved early in the pathology. Thus, inflammation, which is widely thought to be initiated peripherally, expands through the CNS, with astrocytes and microglia entering an activated state not only around and within lesions but also widespread. This chapter will emphasize the pathophysiological changes in oligodendrocytes and myelin as a consequence of the inflammatory cascade driving the disease onset and progression. Learning about the mechanisms of oligodendrocyte and myelin damage beyond the immune attack will be instrumental in protecting these two CNS compartments from damage. In turn, knowledge about the axon-myelin unit will help in devising therapies to prevent axonal degeneration, a key clinical hallmark of MS, as it strongly correlates with the progression of CNS atrophy and symptoms. Finally, exploiting paradigms of oligodendrocyte repopulation and remyelination will definitively contribute to devising treatments for tissue repair and halting MS course. This chapter aims at summarizing the state of the art in all these experimental developments including the available clinical therapies and the current clinical trials.","PeriodicalId":7360,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neurobiology","volume":"43 ","pages":"317-361"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Oligodendroglia in Ageing and Age-Dependent Neurodegenerative Diseases. 衰老和年龄依赖性神经退行性疾病中的少突胶质细胞。

Advances in neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-87919-7_13

Jianqin Niu, Alexei Verkhratsky, Arthur Butt, Chenju Yi

引用次数: 0

Seeing Is Believing: Insights into Myelination and Remyelination in Zebrafish. 眼见为实：洞察斑马鱼的髓鞘形成和再髓鞘形成。

Advances in neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-87919-7_4

Peng Liu, Qiang Chen, Cheng He

{"title":"Seeing Is Believing: Insights into Myelination and Remyelination in Zebrafish.","authors":"Peng Liu, Qiang Chen, Cheng He","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-87919-7_4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-87919-7_4","url":null,"abstract":"Myelin is the lipid-rich insulating layer that wraps axons, providing trophic support and ensuring rapid propagation of the electrical impulses that underlie nervous system function. In the CNS, myelin is produced by mature oligodendrocytes (OLs) that arise from oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). Myelination is regulated by a variety of molecules, including growth factors, hormones, and extracellular molecules, which activate signaling cascades that drive cellular maturation. Key signaling molecules and downstream pathways that control myelination have been identified in cell culture and rodent models. Although much is known about the development of OL and its progenitor cell in vitro and in vivo, how CNS myelin is dynamically formed through OL processes is still unclear. Zebrafish share significant genetic and physiological similarities with mammals, including humans, making them a relevant model for studying complex biological processes like myelination. Due to its transparent larval development, zebrafish facilitates live imaging studies, enabling dynamic visualizations of cellular and molecular processes in real-time studies. In this chapter, we reviewed the latest insights into OL development and myelin formation, with a particular emphasis on the mechanisms regulating dynamic myelination in zebrafish. We highlight the dynamic extension and retraction of myelin sheath segments and the role of neuronal activity in regulating the developmental myelination in zebrafish. In addition, we also discussed the mechanisms of Ranvier node positioning and axon targeting of myelin sheaths in the spinal cord of zebrafish larvae. Finally, we reviewed the recent progress of zebrafish as a demyelinating disease model for drug discovery of pharmacological compounds favoring myelin regeneration.","PeriodicalId":7360,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neurobiology","volume":"43 ","pages":"81-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of Oligodendroglia and Myelin. 少突胶质细胞和髓磷脂的发育。

Advances in neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-87919-7_3

Hao Huang, Xiaofeng Xu, Mengsheng Qiu

引用次数: 0

Oligodendroglia in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder. 神经脊髓炎中的少突胶质细胞。

Advances in neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-87919-7_16

Ai Guo, Yuzhen Wei, Alexei Verkhratsky, Fu-Dong Shi

引用次数: 0

Oligodendroglia and Myelin: Supporting the Connectome. 少突胶质细胞和髓磷脂：支持连接组。

Advances in neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-87919-7_1

Jianqin Niu, Alexei Verkhratsky, Arthur Butt, Chenju Yi

{"title":"Oligodendroglia and Myelin: Supporting the Connectome.","authors":"Jianqin Niu, Alexei Verkhratsky, Arthur Butt, Chenju Yi","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-87919-7_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-87919-7_1","url":null,"abstract":"Oligodendroglia are the only cell lineage of the central nervous system (CNS) responsible for producing myelin. They originate from precursor cells known as oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), which are born around the ventricular zones of the brain and spinal cord and migrate throughout the developing CNS, and many of them ultimately differentiate into mature myelinating oligodendrocytes. Recent research has shown that OPCs and oligodendrocytes possess distinct characteristics when compared either to other types of glial cells in the CNS or to each other. Under different physiological and pathophysiological conditions, the processes of development or regeneration, the features, and, in some cases, even the functions of oligodendroglia can be modified. These changes can contribute to disease progression and affect the functional status of the nervous system. For instance, experience-dependent \"adaptive\" myelination plays a crucial role in the plasticity of neuronal circuits and influences learning processes; additionally, the non-myelinating functions of oligodendroglia expand their pathological potential, allowing them to regulate neuronal development and activity, angiogenesis, astrocyte maturation, and neuroinflammation. This chapter serves as a comprehensive introduction to oligodendroglia by presenting evidence from fundamental studies and fresh insights into their development, physiological and pathophysiological attributes, as well as the newly discovered non-myelinating functions.","PeriodicalId":7360,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neurobiology","volume":"43 ","pages":"1-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Neuroglial Pathophysiology of Leukodystrophies. 脑白质营养不良的神经胶质病理生理学。

Advances in neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-87919-7_10

Alexei Verkhratsky, Jianqin Niu, Chenju Yi, Arthur Butt

{"title":"Neuroglial Pathophysiology of Leukodystrophies.","authors":"Alexei Verkhratsky, Jianqin Niu, Chenju Yi, Arthur Butt","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-87919-7_10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-87919-7_10","url":null,"abstract":"Leukodystrophies are a diverse group of inherited diseases characterised by white matter degenerative pathology. Leukodystrophies have a highly heterogeneous genetic background linked mainly to mutations in oligodendrocyte and astrocyte genes and, to lesser extent, microglia. The most prevalent leukodystrophies are caused by mutations in oligodendrocyte genes that encode the essential myelin proteins PLP1 and GalC in Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease and Krabbe disease, respectively. Astrocyte leukodystrophies are led by Alexander disease, caused by mutations in the astrocyte gene GFAP. Vanishing white matter disease, the most prevalent inherited white matter pathology in children, is associated with astrocyte atrophy and cystic degeneration of the cerebral white matter. The pathogenic mechanisms in leukodystrophies depend on the genetic mutations and hence are extremely varied, but the diseases have in common white matter atrophy caused by the loss of oligodendrocytes and myelin, with or without marked reactive astrogliosis and microglia activation. The development of a range of animal models with the disruption of specific genes causing leukodystrophies and the use of pluripotent stem cells from people with different forms of leukodystrophy is advancing the understanding of the functional and cellular pathophysiology of these rare diseases.","PeriodicalId":7360,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neurobiology","volume":"43 ","pages":"257-279"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Physiology of Oligodendroglia. 少突胶质细胞生理学。

Advances in neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-87919-7_6

Arthur Butt, Adam Willis, Ian Hunter, Jianqin Niu, Chenju Yi, Alexei Verkhratsky

引用次数: 0