Advances in neurobiology最新文献_第2页

Advances in neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-87919-7_8

Grace Flower, Svenja Vorthmann, Daniel Fulton, Nicola B Hamilton

{"title":"Plasticity of Myelination.","authors":"Grace Flower, Svenja Vorthmann, Daniel Fulton, Nicola B Hamilton","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-87919-7_8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-87919-7_8","url":null,"abstract":"Myelin plasticity, the capacity for dynamic changes in myelination and myelin structure, challenges the long-held view of myelin as a static entity post-development. Emerging evidence highlights its pivotal role in adapting neural circuits during learning, memory, and recovery from injury or disease. This chapter explores the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying myelin plasticity, focusing on activity-dependent and experience-driven myelination mediated by oligodendrocytes, which are potentially modified by astrocytes and microglia. This study examines how neuronal activity regulates oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelin remodelling, affecting conduction velocity and circuit synchronization. The implications of myelin plasticity in cognition, ageing, and pathologies such as multiple sclerosis and stroke are discussed alongside experimental models that elucidate its processes. Finally, the importance of sleep in myelin maintenance and plasticity is discussed. Elucidating the mechanisms underlying myelin plasticity and maintenance may uncover new therapeutic opportunities for treating diseases and injuries that disrupt myelin and neuronal activity.","PeriodicalId":7360,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neurobiology","volume":"43 ","pages":"181-204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Protein Pathologies in Oligodendroglia in Neurodegenerative Diseases. 神经退行性疾病中少突胶质细胞的蛋白质病理。

Advances in neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-87919-7_14

Shelley L Forrest, Gabor G Kovacs

{"title":"Protein Pathologies in Oligodendroglia in Neurodegenerative Diseases.","authors":"Shelley L Forrest, Gabor G Kovacs","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-87919-7_14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-87919-7_14","url":null,"abstract":"Neurodegenerative diseases are clinically, pathologically and genetically heterogeneous disorders characterised by progressive dysfunction and neuronal loss and the deposition of disease-specific proteinaceous aggregates in neurons and/or glia, showing a hierarchical involvement of brain regions. Research into disease mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative disorders has focused on the proteinaceous neuronal aggregates in vulnerable brain regions leading to neuronal dysfunction and degeneration and onset of clinical symptoms. However, emerging evidence highlights the importance of glia, including oligodendroglia, in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, which have been underappreciated and frequently considered secondary to neuronal involvement. Pathologically altered proteins depositing in oligodendroglia comprise phosphorylated tau, α-synuclein, transactive response DNA-binding protein-43 (TDP-43) and occasionally FET/FUS. However, only primary oligodendroglial tau and α-synuclein deposits are considered for neuropathological diagnosis and classification of some tauopathies and synucleinopathies, respectively. Oligodendroglial tau pathology is also seen in ageing-related tau oligodendrogliopathy (ARTOG). This chapter provides an overview of neurodegenerative proteinopathies and protein pathologies affecting oligodendroglia.","PeriodicalId":7360,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neurobiology","volume":"43 ","pages":"407-432"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evolution of Oligodendroglia and Myelin. 少突胶质细胞与髓磷脂的进化。

Advances in neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-87919-7_2

Alexei Verkhratsky, Chenju Yi, Jianqin Niu, Arthur Butt

{"title":"Evolution of Oligodendroglia and Myelin.","authors":"Alexei Verkhratsky, Chenju Yi, Jianqin Niu, Arthur Butt","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-87919-7_2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-87919-7_2","url":null,"abstract":"The evolution of the nervous system emerged in primaeval animals to coordinate their behaviour then advanced by the division of function between neurones and neuroglia; neurones became dedicated to information processing and neuroglia specialised in homeostatic support. As the nervous system became more complex and neurones extended axonal connections, so periaxonal glial cells arose to provide axonal support. In many invertebrates, periaxonal glia produce multilamellar structures similar in architecture and function to the myelin sheath of vertebrates. These protomyelin structures support exceptionally high velocity of action potential propagation, which in some shrimps may reach 200 m/s. Myelin sheaths 'proper' are a vertebrate development and emerged in jawed fish with the central nervous system (CNS) of the brain and spinal cord becoming enclosed within the cranium and vertebral column. This was coincident with a clear division between oligodendrocytes that myelinate axons in the CNS and Schwann cells that myelinate peripheral axons; it seems likely that peripheral myelin evolved first. In the CNS, myelinated axons form the white matter, which interconnects the different regions of the CNS with each other and with the periphery. This is termed the connectome, which is particularly advanced in humans, occupying ~50% of total volume of the brain, compared to ~12% in rodents. The highly developed connectome, supported by oligodendroglial cells, is the foundation of human intelligence.","PeriodicalId":7360,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neurobiology","volume":"43 ","pages":"41-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Demyelination and Remyelination: General Principles. 脱髓鞘和再鞘：一般原理。

Advances in neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-87919-7_9

Jianqin Niu, Alexei Verkhratsky, Arthur Butt, Chenju Yi

{"title":"Demyelination and Remyelination: General Principles.","authors":"Jianqin Niu, Alexei Verkhratsky, Arthur Butt, Chenju Yi","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-87919-7_9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-87919-7_9","url":null,"abstract":"Myelinating oligodendrocytes and oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) make up half the cells in the central nervous system and are affected by and contribute to all neurological diseases. The pathology of myelinating oligodendrocytes is fundamentally characterized by myelin disruption and loss, termed demyelination, whereas that of OPCs is principally defined by remyelination and repair in the form of regeneration of myelinating oligodendrocytes. Demyelination is generally associated with white matter diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, although oligodendroglial pathology is a major factor in most neuropathologies, including Alzheimer's disease, ischaemic injury, and traumatic injury. Oligodendroglial changes are often driven by neuroinflammatory factors and involve oxidative stress, metabolic malfunction, and excitotoxicity. Understanding the complexities of demyelination and remyelination pathogenesis is essential for the development of new therapeutic strategies. In this chapter, we summarise the key features of demyelination and remyelination, discuss factors underlying a remyelination failure, and compare the differences between humans and mice. We propose some perspectives on treatment strategies for remyelination in the hope that future advances will provide solutions to the challenges associated with demyelinating diseases.","PeriodicalId":7360,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neurobiology","volume":"43 ","pages":"207-255"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Morphology of Oligodendroglial Cells. 少突胶质细胞的形态学。

Advances in neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-87919-7_5

Arthur Butt, Adam Willis, Rachel Stevens, Ian Hunter, Akiko Nishiyama

引用次数: 0

Role of Oligodendrocyte Lineage Cells in White Matter Injury. 少突胶质细胞系细胞在白质损伤中的作用。

Advances in neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-87919-7_11

Katarzyna Pieczonka, Oliver Zhang, Sogolie Kouhzaei, Alexander A Velumian, Michael G Fehlings

{"title":"Role of Oligodendrocyte Lineage Cells in White Matter Injury.","authors":"Katarzyna Pieczonka, Oliver Zhang, Sogolie Kouhzaei, Alexander A Velumian, Michael G Fehlings","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-87919-7_11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-87919-7_11","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter provides a comprehensive review of white matter injuries, with a particular focus on oligodendrocyte lineage cell-mediated mechanisms and strategies. Traumatic mechanical insults, vascular conditions, perinatal injuries, and degenerative diseases all have white matter components and can be studied using different animal models. These distinct etiologies converge on similar pathophysiological features comprised of programmed cell death of oligodendrocyte lineage cells, demyelination, release of myelin debris, ion imbalance, excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and Wallerian degeneration. Therapeutics that target oligodendrocyte lineage cells are warranted due to their role in remyelination, immunomodulation, circuit remodeling, and maintenance of vasculature. Thus, emerging diagnostic techniques can help in assessing the extent of oligodendrocyte lineage cell-related pathology, while regenerative treatments, including cell transplantation, endogenous cell mobilization, biomaterials, and rehabilitation, can facilitate recovery by driving regeneration of oligodendrocyte lineage cells and myelin. Despite tremendous progress in this field, the heterogeneity of oligodendrocyte lineage cells suggests that a personalized medicine approach may optimize recovery following injury.","PeriodicalId":7360,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neurobiology","volume":"43 ","pages":"281-316"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evolution of Microglia. 小胶质细胞的进化

Advances in neurobiology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-55529-9_3

Elena Guffart, Marco Prinz

引用次数: 0

General Pathophysiology of Microglia. 小胶质细胞的一般病理生理学

Advances in neurobiology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-55529-9_1

Marie-Ève Tremblay, Alexei Verkhratsky

{"title":"General Pathophysiology of Microglia.","authors":"Marie-Ève Tremblay, Alexei Verkhratsky","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-55529-9_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-55529-9_1","url":null,"abstract":"Microglia, which are the resident innate immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), have emerged as critical for maintaining health by not only ensuring proper development, activity, and plasticity of neurones and glial cells but also maintaining and restoring homeostasis when faced with various challenges across the lifespan. This chapter is dedicated to the current understanding of microglia, including their beneficial versus detrimental roles, which are highly complex, rely on various microglial states, and intimately depend on their spatiotemporal context. Microglia are first contextualized within the perspective of finding therapeutic strategies to cure diseases in the twenty-first century-the overall functions of neuroglia with relation one to another and to neurones, and their shared CNS environment. A historical framework is provided, and the main principles of glial neuropathology are enunciated. The current view of microglial nomenclature is then covered, notably by discussing the rejected concepts of microglial activation, their polarisation into M1 and M2 phenotypes, and neuroinflammation. The transformation of the microglial population through the addition, migration, and elimination of individual members, as well as their dynamic metamorphosis between a wide variety of structural and functional states, based on the experienced physiological and pathological stimuli, is subsequently discussed. Lastly, the perspective of microglia as a cell type endowed with a health status determining their outcomes on adaptive CNS plasticity as well as disease pathology is proposed for twenty-first-century approaches to disease prevention and treatment.","PeriodicalId":7360,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neurobiology","volume":"37 ","pages":"3-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142103368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Synapse Regulation. 突触调节

Advances in neurobiology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-55529-9_11

Haley A Vecchiarelli, Luana Tenorio Lopes, Rosa C Paolicelli, Beth Stevens, Hiroaki Wake, Marie-Ève Tremblay

{"title":"Synapse Regulation.","authors":"Haley A Vecchiarelli, Luana Tenorio Lopes, Rosa C Paolicelli, Beth Stevens, Hiroaki Wake, Marie-Ève Tremblay","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-55529-9_11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-55529-9_11","url":null,"abstract":"Microglia are the resident immune cells of the brain. As such, they rapidly detect changes in normal brain homeostasis and accurately respond by fine-tuning in a tightly regulated manner their morphology, gene expression, and functional behavior. Depending on the nature of these changes, microglia can thicken and retract their processes, proliferate and migrate, release numerous signaling factors and compounds influencing neuronal physiology (e.g., cytokines and trophic factors), in addition to secreting proteases able to transform the extracellular matrix, and phagocytosing various types of cellular debris, etc. Because microglia also transform rapidly (on a time scale of minutes) during experimental procedures, studying these very special cells requires methods that are specifically non-invasive. The development of such methods has provided unprecedented insights into the roles of microglia during normal physiological conditions. In particular, transcranial two-photon in vivo imaging revealed that presumably \"resting\" microglia continuously survey the brain parenchyma with their highly motile processes, in addition to modulating their structural and functional interactions with neuronal circuits along the changes in neuronal activity and behavioral experience occurring throughout the lifespan. In this chapter, we will describe how surveillant microglia interact with synaptic elements and modulate the number, maturation, function, and plasticity of synapses in the healthy developing, mature, and aging brain, with consequences on neuronal activity, learning and memory, and the behavioral outcome.","PeriodicalId":7360,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neurobiology","volume":"37 ","pages":"179-208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142103394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Aging Microglia and Their Impact in the Nervous System. 老化的小胶质细胞及其对神经系统的影响

Advances in neurobiology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-55529-9_21

Rommy von Bernhardi, Jaime Eugenín

引用次数: 0