Advances in neurobiology最新文献_第4页

Neuroglial Pathophysiology of Leukodystrophies. 脑白质营养不良的神经胶质病理生理学。

Advances in neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-87919-7_10

Alexei Verkhratsky, Jianqin Niu, Chenju Yi, Arthur Butt

{"title":"Neuroglial Pathophysiology of Leukodystrophies.","authors":"Alexei Verkhratsky, Jianqin Niu, Chenju Yi, Arthur Butt","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-87919-7_10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-87919-7_10","url":null,"abstract":"Leukodystrophies are a diverse group of inherited diseases characterised by white matter degenerative pathology. Leukodystrophies have a highly heterogeneous genetic background linked mainly to mutations in oligodendrocyte and astrocyte genes and, to lesser extent, microglia. The most prevalent leukodystrophies are caused by mutations in oligodendrocyte genes that encode the essential myelin proteins PLP1 and GalC in Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease and Krabbe disease, respectively. Astrocyte leukodystrophies are led by Alexander disease, caused by mutations in the astrocyte gene GFAP. Vanishing white matter disease, the most prevalent inherited white matter pathology in children, is associated with astrocyte atrophy and cystic degeneration of the cerebral white matter. The pathogenic mechanisms in leukodystrophies depend on the genetic mutations and hence are extremely varied, but the diseases have in common white matter atrophy caused by the loss of oligodendrocytes and myelin, with or without marked reactive astrogliosis and microglia activation. The development of a range of animal models with the disruption of specific genes causing leukodystrophies and the use of pluripotent stem cells from people with different forms of leukodystrophy is advancing the understanding of the functional and cellular pathophysiology of these rare diseases.","PeriodicalId":7360,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neurobiology","volume":"43 ","pages":"257-279"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Physiology of Oligodendroglia. 少突胶质细胞生理学。

Advances in neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-87919-7_6

Arthur Butt, Adam Willis, Ian Hunter, Jianqin Niu, Chenju Yi, Alexei Verkhratsky

引用次数: 0

Plasticity of Myelination. 髓鞘形成的可塑性。

Advances in neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-87919-7_8

Grace Flower, Svenja Vorthmann, Daniel Fulton, Nicola B Hamilton

{"title":"Plasticity of Myelination.","authors":"Grace Flower, Svenja Vorthmann, Daniel Fulton, Nicola B Hamilton","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-87919-7_8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-87919-7_8","url":null,"abstract":"Myelin plasticity, the capacity for dynamic changes in myelination and myelin structure, challenges the long-held view of myelin as a static entity post-development. Emerging evidence highlights its pivotal role in adapting neural circuits during learning, memory, and recovery from injury or disease. This chapter explores the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying myelin plasticity, focusing on activity-dependent and experience-driven myelination mediated by oligodendrocytes, which are potentially modified by astrocytes and microglia. This study examines how neuronal activity regulates oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelin remodelling, affecting conduction velocity and circuit synchronization. The implications of myelin plasticity in cognition, ageing, and pathologies such as multiple sclerosis and stroke are discussed alongside experimental models that elucidate its processes. Finally, the importance of sleep in myelin maintenance and plasticity is discussed. Elucidating the mechanisms underlying myelin plasticity and maintenance may uncover new therapeutic opportunities for treating diseases and injuries that disrupt myelin and neuronal activity.","PeriodicalId":7360,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neurobiology","volume":"43 ","pages":"181-204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Protein Pathologies in Oligodendroglia in Neurodegenerative Diseases. 神经退行性疾病中少突胶质细胞的蛋白质病理。

Advances in neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-87919-7_14

Shelley L Forrest, Gabor G Kovacs

{"title":"Protein Pathologies in Oligodendroglia in Neurodegenerative Diseases.","authors":"Shelley L Forrest, Gabor G Kovacs","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-87919-7_14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-87919-7_14","url":null,"abstract":"Neurodegenerative diseases are clinically, pathologically and genetically heterogeneous disorders characterised by progressive dysfunction and neuronal loss and the deposition of disease-specific proteinaceous aggregates in neurons and/or glia, showing a hierarchical involvement of brain regions. Research into disease mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative disorders has focused on the proteinaceous neuronal aggregates in vulnerable brain regions leading to neuronal dysfunction and degeneration and onset of clinical symptoms. However, emerging evidence highlights the importance of glia, including oligodendroglia, in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, which have been underappreciated and frequently considered secondary to neuronal involvement. Pathologically altered proteins depositing in oligodendroglia comprise phosphorylated tau, α-synuclein, transactive response DNA-binding protein-43 (TDP-43) and occasionally FET/FUS. However, only primary oligodendroglial tau and α-synuclein deposits are considered for neuropathological diagnosis and classification of some tauopathies and synucleinopathies, respectively. Oligodendroglial tau pathology is also seen in ageing-related tau oligodendrogliopathy (ARTOG). This chapter provides an overview of neurodegenerative proteinopathies and protein pathologies affecting oligodendroglia.","PeriodicalId":7360,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neurobiology","volume":"43 ","pages":"407-432"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Neuronal Activity in Rat Hippocampus During Light-Intensity Treadmill Running. 轻强度跑步机运动大鼠海马神经元活动。

Advances in neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-95-0066-6_2

Takeshi Nishijima, Hideaki Soya

{"title":"Neuronal Activity in Rat Hippocampus During Light-Intensity Treadmill Running.","authors":"Takeshi Nishijima, Hideaki Soya","doi":"10.1007/978-981-95-0066-6_2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-95-0066-6_2","url":null,"abstract":"In the early 2000s, it became evident that exercise enhances brain function, particularly in the hippocampus, attracting considerable attention. However, at that time, most studies relied on the voluntary wheel running model for experiments, it was unclear whether exercise conditions affected the impact of exercise on the hippocampus. Therefore, aiming to obtain translational insights applicable to humans, we focused on exercise intensity and started with the research investigating whether light-intensity exercise activates hippocampal neural activity in rats. We established an original running model in rats comprising laser Doppler flowmetry for monitoring hippocampal cerebral blood flow (Hip-CBF) and microdialysis for drug treatment. We found that Hip-CBF increased with light-intensity treadmill running, which was elicited by hippocampal neuronal activation and subsequent N-methyl-D-aspartate/nitric oxide (NMDA/NO) signaling. In this chapter, we first retrospectively summarize what we knew and what we did not know during that time, and the impact of our findings that light-intensity exercise can evoke neuronal activity in the rat hippocampus on our subsequent research.","PeriodicalId":7360,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neurobiology","volume":"44 ","pages":"21-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145147446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Treadmill Running Model for Rodents as a Translational Approach Based on Human Physiological Responses. 基于人类生理反应的啮齿动物跑步机模型的翻译方法。

Advances in neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-95-0066-6_1

Masahiro Okamoto, Toshiaki Hata, Taichi Hiraga, Hideaki Soya

{"title":"Treadmill Running Model for Rodents as a Translational Approach Based on Human Physiological Responses.","authors":"Masahiro Okamoto, Toshiaki Hata, Taichi Hiraga, Hideaki Soya","doi":"10.1007/978-981-95-0066-6_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-95-0066-6_1","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of \"Exercise is Medicine\" highlights the preventive effects of physical activity on lifestyle-related diseases, dementia, and mental disorders. However, human studies face limitations in isolating exercise-specific effects due to uncontrolled variables such as diet and living conditions, as well as the constraint of non-invasive methodologies. Animal models offer a valuable alternative, allowing for strict control of experimental conditions and detailed assessment of physiological and neural responses to exercise. While voluntary wheel running has been commonly used, it lacks standardization in exercise intensity and type. To bridge this gap, we developed a treadmill-based rodent exercise model that enables precise control over exercise parameters, including intensity, duration, and distance. By incorporating physiological markers-such as blood lactate and oxygen consumption-commonly used in humans, we succeeded in evaluating rodent fitness and establishing exercise paradigms analogous to those used in human studies. Our findings demonstrate that even light-intensity exercise can significantly enhance brain activation and memory, which may be particularly relevant for aging or low-fitness populations. This approach enables the exploration of shared neurobiological mechanisms and supports the advancement of translational research, facilitating the development of tailored exercise interventions aimed at promoting cognitive health.","PeriodicalId":7360,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neurobiology","volume":"44 ","pages":"3-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145147480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Regulation of Dopamine Transporter Surface Expression. 多巴胺转运体表面表达的调控。

Advances in neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-96364-3_4

Christina Besada, Ole Valente Mortensen

引用次数: 0

Monoamine-Uptake Inhibitors and Pain: Antidepressant Drugs Among First-Line Treatments Against Neuropathic Pain and Fibromyalgia. 单胺摄取抑制剂和疼痛：抗抑郁药物是神经性疼痛和纤维肌痛的一线治疗。

Advances in neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-96364-3_12

Michel Barrot, Henrico-Pio Basile, Mélanie Kremer

{"title":"Monoamine-Uptake Inhibitors and Pain: Antidepressant Drugs Among First-Line Treatments Against Neuropathic Pain and Fibromyalgia.","authors":"Michel Barrot, Henrico-Pio Basile, Mélanie Kremer","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-96364-3_12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-96364-3_12","url":null,"abstract":"Some monoamine-uptake inhibitors are among first-line treatments for specific chronic pain conditions. It concerns tricyclic antidepressant drugs, such as amitriptyline or nortriptyline, and the more selective serotonergic and noradrenergic reuptake inhibitors, such as duloxetine. They are recommended for treating neuropathic pain, which is pain caused by a lesion or disease of the somatosensory nervous system, and fibromyalgia, which is a chronic widespread pain. Clinically, their action on pain was proposed to be independent from the one on depression. Research in animal models provided some understanding of the pain-relieving mechanism. The noradrenergic component of monoamine-uptake inhibitors appears to be critical, with the therapeutic effect likely involving targets at peripheral, spinal and supraspinal levels. At least two independent mechanisms would contribute to pain relief. One is spinal, relying on the recruitment of aminergic descending controls of pain, with a downstream key role of the α2 adrenergic receptors; the other may require more sustained treatment and relies on the noradrenergic recruitment of β2 adrenergic receptors and a downstream anti-neuroimmune action. Both mechanisms require a functional endogenous opioid system. These insights, however, focused on the sensory component of pain, and the contribution of the supraspinal action of antidepressant drugs needs to be explored in detail.","PeriodicalId":7360,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neurobiology","volume":"46 ","pages":"293-315"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145231294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evolution of Oligodendroglia and Myelin. 少突胶质细胞与髓磷脂的进化。

Advances in neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-87919-7_2

Alexei Verkhratsky, Chenju Yi, Jianqin Niu, Arthur Butt

{"title":"Evolution of Oligodendroglia and Myelin.","authors":"Alexei Verkhratsky, Chenju Yi, Jianqin Niu, Arthur Butt","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-87919-7_2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-87919-7_2","url":null,"abstract":"The evolution of the nervous system emerged in primaeval animals to coordinate their behaviour then advanced by the division of function between neurones and neuroglia; neurones became dedicated to information processing and neuroglia specialised in homeostatic support. As the nervous system became more complex and neurones extended axonal connections, so periaxonal glial cells arose to provide axonal support. In many invertebrates, periaxonal glia produce multilamellar structures similar in architecture and function to the myelin sheath of vertebrates. These protomyelin structures support exceptionally high velocity of action potential propagation, which in some shrimps may reach 200 m/s. Myelin sheaths 'proper' are a vertebrate development and emerged in jawed fish with the central nervous system (CNS) of the brain and spinal cord becoming enclosed within the cranium and vertebral column. This was coincident with a clear division between oligodendrocytes that myelinate axons in the CNS and Schwann cells that myelinate peripheral axons; it seems likely that peripheral myelin evolved first. In the CNS, myelinated axons form the white matter, which interconnects the different regions of the CNS with each other and with the periphery. This is termed the connectome, which is particularly advanced in humans, occupying ~50% of total volume of the brain, compared to ~12% in rodents. The highly developed connectome, supported by oligodendroglial cells, is the foundation of human intelligence.","PeriodicalId":7360,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neurobiology","volume":"43 ","pages":"41-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Physical Exercise Benefits Cognition: A Narrative Review of Evidence and Possible Mechanisms. 体育锻炼有益于认知：证据和可能机制的叙述性回顾。

Advances in neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-95-0066-6_7

Tzu-Feng Wang, Onanong Mee-Inta, Yu-Min Kuo

引用次数: 0