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Fractal-Based Morphometrics of Glioblastoma. 基于分形的胶质母细胞瘤形态计量学
Advances in neurobiology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-47606-8_28
Lee Curtin
{"title":"Fractal-Based Morphometrics of Glioblastoma.","authors":"Lee Curtin","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-47606-8_28","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-47606-8_28","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Morphometrics have been able to distinguish important features of glioblastoma from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Using morphometrics computed on segmentations of various imaging abnormalities, we show that the average and range of lacunarity and fractal dimension values across MRI slices can be prognostic for survival. We look at the repeatability of these metrics to multiple segmentations and how they are impacted by image resolution. We speak to the challenges to overcome before these metrics are included in clinical care, and the insight that they may provide.</p>","PeriodicalId":7360,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neurobiology","volume":"36 ","pages":"545-555"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140100798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
On Multiscaling of Parkinsonian Rest Tremor Signals and Their Classification. 论帕金森静息震颤信号的多尺度化及其分类
Advances in neurobiology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-47606-8_30
Lorenzo Livi
{"title":"On Multiscaling of Parkinsonian Rest Tremor Signals and Their Classification.","authors":"Lorenzo Livi","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-47606-8_30","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-47606-8_30","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Self-similar stochastic processes and broad probability distributions are ubiquitous in nature and in many man-made systems. The brain is a particularly interesting example of (natural) complex system where those features play a pivotal role. In fact, the controversial yet experimentally validated \"criticality hypothesis\" explaining the functioning of the brain implies the presence of scaling laws for correlations. Recently, we have analyzed a collection of rest tremor velocity signals recorded from patients affected by Parkinson's disease, with the aim of determining and hence exploiting the presence of scaling laws. Our results show that multiple scaling laws are required in order to describe the dynamics of such signals, stressing the complexity of the underlying generating mechanism. We successively extracted numeric features by using the multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis procedure. We found that such features can be effective for discriminating classes of signals recorded in different experimental conditions. Notably, we show that the use of medication (L-DOPA) can be recognized with high accuracy.</p>","PeriodicalId":7360,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neurobiology","volume":"36 ","pages":"571-583"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140100811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Tenets and Methods of Fractal Analysis (1/f Noise). 分形分析的原理和方法（1/f 噪声）。
Advances in neurobiology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-47606-8_3
Tatjana Stadnitski
{"title":"Tenets and Methods of Fractal Analysis (1/f Noise).","authors":"Tatjana Stadnitski","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-47606-8_3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-47606-8_3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This chapter deals with the methodical challenges confronting researchers of the fractal phenomenon known as pink or 1/f noise. This chapter introduces concepts and statistical techniques for identifying fractal patterns in empirical time series. It defines some basic statistical terms, describes two essential characteristics of pink noise (self-similarity and long memory), and outlines four parameters representing the theoretical properties of fractal processes: the Hurst coefficient (H), the scaling exponent (α), the power exponent (β), and the fractional differencing parameter (d) of the ARFIMA (autoregressive fractionally integrated moving average) method. Then, it compares and evaluates different approaches to estimating fractal parameters from observed data and outlines the advantages, disadvantages, and constraints of some popular estimators. The final section of this chapter answers the questions: Which strategy is appropriate for the identification of fractal noise in empirical settings and how can it be applied to the data?</p>","PeriodicalId":7360,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neurobiology","volume":"36 ","pages":"57-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140100814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sex and Age-at-Injury as Determinants of Social Behavior Outcomes After TBI. 性别和受伤年龄是创伤后社会行为结果的决定因素。
Advances in neurobiology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-69832-3_10
Bridgette D Semple, Richelle Mychasiuk
{"title":"Sex and Age-at-Injury as Determinants of Social Behavior Outcomes After TBI.","authors":"Bridgette D Semple, Richelle Mychasiuk","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-69832-3_10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-69832-3_10","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While our understanding of long-term disability after traumatic brain injury (TBI) has habitually focused on cognitive and sensorimotor functioning, it is increasingly appreciated that changes in social function for survivors of a brain injury are common and have a profound impact on one's quality of life. In this chapter, we highlight the consequences of TBI on social behavior, taking into account evidence from studies of patient populations as well as from preclinical animal models. After first considering the protracted nature of the development of social behavior across the lifespan, including the neurobiological networks that underlie social functioning, we discuss how TBI results in social behavior impairments and how these manifest. We focus particularly on how age-at-injury influences TBI-induced social impairments, with most of the evidence suggesting age-dependent vulnerability after injury at a younger age. In addition, we explore how biological sex is a key determinant of social behavior impairments after TBI, while gender in humans may also influence the nature and extent of social outcomes. Finally, we identify key knowledge gaps and emphasize the need for further research in the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":7360,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neurobiology","volume":"42 ","pages":"205-218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142455765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Microglia in Glioma. 胶质瘤中的小胶质细胞
Advances in neurobiology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-55529-9_28
Stefano Garofalo, Giuseppina D'Alessandro, Cristina Limatola
{"title":"Microglia in Glioma.","authors":"Stefano Garofalo, Giuseppina D'Alessandro, Cristina Limatola","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-55529-9_28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-55529-9_28","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Myeloid cells are fundamental constituents of the brain tumor microenvironment. In this chapter, we describe the state-of-the-art knowledge on the role of microglial cells in the cross-talk with the most common and aggressive brain tumor, glioblastoma. We report in vitro and in vivo studies related to glioblastoma patients and glioma models to outline the symbiotic interactions that microglia develop with tumoral cells, highlighting the heterogeneity of microglial functions in shaping the brain tumor microenvironment.</p>","PeriodicalId":7360,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neurobiology","volume":"37 ","pages":"513-527"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142103378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Microglia in Neuropathic Pain. 神经病理性疼痛中的小胶质细胞
Advances in neurobiology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-55529-9_22
Kazuhide Inoue
{"title":"Microglia in Neuropathic Pain.","authors":"Kazuhide Inoue","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-55529-9_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-55529-9_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuropathic pain (NP) is pain resulting from lesions or disease of the somatosensory system. A cardinal feature of NP is tactile allodynia (a painful response to normally innocuous stimulation). In 2003, a breakthrough strategy for inducing NP was proposed in which microglia of the spinal dorsal horn (SDH) are activated after peripheral nerve injury (PNI) to overexpress P2X4 receptor (P2X4R) and play an important role in inducing tactile allodynia. In 2005, it was reported that stimulation of microglial P2X4Rs evokes the release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which causes a depolarizing shift of the anion reversal potential (E<sub>anion</sub>) of secondary sensory neurons. These findings and other facts suggest the mechanism by which innocuous touch stimuli cause severe pain and the important role of microglia in the mechanism.</p>","PeriodicalId":7360,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neurobiology","volume":"37 ","pages":"399-403"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142103380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Neurodevelopmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders. 神经发育和神经精神疾病。
Advances in neurobiology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-55529-9_26
Marianela Evelyn Traetta, Adriano Maia Chaves Filho, Elizabeth Toyin Akinluyi, Marie-Ève Tremblay
{"title":"Neurodevelopmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders.","authors":"Marianela Evelyn Traetta, Adriano Maia Chaves Filho, Elizabeth Toyin Akinluyi, Marie-Ève Tremblay","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-55529-9_26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-55529-9_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This chapter will focus on microglial involvement in neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders, particularly autism spectrum disorder (ASD), schizophrenia and major depressive disorder (MDD). We will describe the neuroimmune risk factors that contribute to the etiopathology of these disorders across the lifespan, including both in early life and adulthood. Microglia, being the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, could play a key role in triggering and determining the outcome of these disorders. This chapter will review preclinical and clinical findings where microglial morphology and function were examined in the contexts of ASD, schizophrenia and MDD. Clinical evidence points out to altered microglial morphology and reactivity, as well as increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, supporting the idea that microglial abnormalities are involved in these disorders. Indeed, animal models for these disorders found altered microglial morphology and homeostatic functions which resulted in behaviours related to these disorders. Additionally, as microglia have emerged as promising therapeutic targets, we will also address in this chapter therapies involving microglial mechanisms for the treatment of neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":7360,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neurobiology","volume":"37 ","pages":"457-495"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142103385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Role of Microglia in Stroke. 小胶质细胞在中风中的作用
Advances in neurobiology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-55529-9_23
Raffaela Cipriani, Maria Domerq, Abraham Martín, Carlos Matute
{"title":"Role of Microglia in Stroke.","authors":"Raffaela Cipriani, Maria Domerq, Abraham Martín, Carlos Matute","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-55529-9_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-55529-9_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ischemic stroke is a complex brain pathology caused by an interruption of blood supply to the brain. It results in neurological deficits which that reflect the localization and the size of the compromised brain area and are the manifestation of complex pathogenic events triggered by energy depletion. Inflammation plays a prominent role, worsening the injury in the early phase and influencing poststroke recovery in the late phase. Activated microglia are one of the most important cellular components of poststroke inflammation, appearing from the first few hours and persisting for days and weeks after stroke injury. In this chapter, we will discuss the nature of the inflammatory response in brain ischemia, the contribution of microglia to injury and regeneration after stroke, and finally, how ischemic stroke directly affects microglia functions and survival.</p>","PeriodicalId":7360,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neurobiology","volume":"37 ","pages":"405-422"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142103388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Role of Microglial Modulation in Therapies for Perinatal Brain Injuries Leading to Neurodevelopmental Disorders. 小胶质细胞调节在围产期脑损伤导致神经发育障碍的治疗中的作用
Advances in neurobiology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-55529-9_33
Bobbi Fleiss, Pierre Gressens
{"title":"Role of Microglial Modulation in Therapies for Perinatal Brain Injuries Leading to Neurodevelopmental Disorders.","authors":"Bobbi Fleiss, Pierre Gressens","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-55529-9_33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-55529-9_33","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) encompass various conditions stemming from changes during brain development, typically diagnosed early in life. Examples include autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, cerebral palsy, seizures, dyslexia, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Many NDDs are linked to perinatal events like infections, oxygen disturbances, or insults in combination. This chapter outlines the causes and effects of perinatal brain injury as they relate to microglia, along with efforts to prevent or treat such damage. We primarily discuss therapies targeting microglia modulation, focusing on those either clinically used or in advanced development, often tested in large animal models such as sheep, non-human primates, and piglets-standard translational models in perinatal medicine. Additionally, it touches on experimental studies showcasing advancements in the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":7360,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neurobiology","volume":"37 ","pages":"591-606"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142103389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Substance Use and Addiction. 药物使用与成瘾。
Advances in neurobiology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-55529-9_19
Keionna Newton, Lindsay De Biase
{"title":"Substance Use and Addiction.","authors":"Keionna Newton, Lindsay De Biase","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-55529-9_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-55529-9_19","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Efforts to reveal the molecular, cellular, and circuit mechanisms of addiction have largely focused on neurons. Yet accumulating data regarding the ability of glial cells to impact synaptic function, circuit activity, and behavior demands that we explore how these nonneuronal cells contribute to substance use disorders and addiction. Important work has shown that glial cells, including microglia, exhibit changes in phenotype following exposure to drugs of abuse and that modification of glial responses can impact behaviors related to drug seeking and drug taking. While these are critical first steps to understanding how microglia can impact addiction, there are still substantial gaps in knowledge that need to be addressed. This chapter reviews some of the key studies that have shown how microglia are affected by and can contribute to addiction. It also discusses areas where more knowledge is urgently needed to reveal new therapeutic and preventative approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":7360,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neurobiology","volume":"37 ","pages":"343-355"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142103393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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