JCSM rapid communications最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on Physical Performance and Muscle Strength in Older People—A Systematic Review","authors":"Rebecca Renji,&nbsp;Sian M. Robinson,&nbsp;Miles D. Witham","doi":"10.1002/rco2.105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rco2.105","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sarcopenia, the loss of muscle strength and mass with age, is a major cause of morbidity for older people. Dietary nitrate supplementation has been proposed as an intervention to improve skeletal muscle function via action as nitric oxide (NO) donors. However, the effect of nitrate supplementation on physical performance and muscle strength in older people is unclear. We aimed to systematically review evidence on whether dietary nitrate supplementation improves markers of muscle strength, muscle mass and physical performance in older people.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a systematic review of randomised controlled trials according to a prespecified protocol by two reviewers. We included interventional studies using dietary nitrate supplementation, mean participant age of &gt;60 years, with or without muscle weakness. Outcomes of interest were physical performance, muscle strength and muscle mass. Risk of bias was assessed using a modified version of the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Results were grouped by intervention and outcome measures and were described by narrative synthesis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty-eight studies were included, with a size range of 8–72 participants. Intervention duration ranged from a single dose to 12 weeks. Seven studies were in healthy older people. Most studies had a high or unclear risk of bias; three had a low risk of bias. One-hundred-two outcomes were reported; 67 were related to physical performance, and 35 were related to muscle strength. No included study measured muscle mass. Thirty-three outcomes showed significant improvement, two showed significant worsening and 67 showed no statistically significant difference. Meta-analysis was not possible due to data heterogeneity. Subgroup analyses for different doses of nitrate (above or below 10 mmol nitrate per day), duration of treatment or specific commonly measured outcomes did not indicate any subgroup more likely to show positive results. The proportion of positive outcomes was similar in studies using beetroot extract, nitrate alone or exercise as a co-intervention.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Current evidence is insufficient to decide if dietary nitrate supplementation improves skeletal muscle function in older people. Future studies should be longer, larger and target older people with sarcopenia or frailty.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"7 2","pages":"143-156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/rco2.105","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143186415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food Aversion, Systemic Inflammation and Intramuscular Adipose Tissue are Mortality Predictors in Advanced Lung Cancer Patients","authors":"Willian das Neves,&nbsp;Ana Paula de Souza Borges,&nbsp;Vinicius Jardim Carvalho,&nbsp;André Fujita,&nbsp;Gilberto de Castro Jr","doi":"10.1002/rco2.106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rco2.106","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cancer cachexia, systemic inflammation and muscle wasting are associated with poor survival in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients (pts). We hypothesized whether neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and intramuscular adipose tissue/skeletal muscle index (IMAT/SMI) would predict prognosis in metastatic NSCLC (mNSCLC). In addition, we verified the role of a cancer cachexia questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-CAX24) in the survival prediction.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We analysed a prospective cohort of 128 treatment-naive mNSCLC pts (April 2017 to May 2020). We evaluated QoL using the EORTC-QLQ-C30 and EORTC-QLQ-CAX24 scales. We used the baseline NLR as a surrogate of systemic inflammation. We did evaluate IMAT/SMI using baseline plain computed tomography imaging. Cox multivariate regression, including age, sex, ECOG-PS and histology as covariates, was performed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Elevated NLR (hazard ratio [HR] 1.26, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–1.59, <i>p</i> = 0.038), IMAT/SMI ratio (HR 1.37, 95% CI: 1.03–1.84, <i>p</i> = 0.032) and high CAX24 scores for food aversion (HR 1.52, 95% CI: 1.13–2.03, <i>p</i> = 0.006) were associated with worse prognosis in mNSCLC. Indeed, higher ECOG-PS (Spearman rho = 0.208, <i>p</i> = 0.027), CAX24 scores for food aversion (Spearman rho = 0.197, <i>p</i> = 0.036), loss of control (Spearman rho = 0.212, <i>p</i> = 0.024) and eating and weight loss worry domains (Spearman rho = 0.219, <i>p</i> = 0.020) were associated with elevated NLR levels.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Elevated NLR, IMAT/SMI ratio and CAX24 score for food aversion are independently associated with worse survival in mNSCLC. These data underscored the importance of cachexia features as negative prognostic factors in mNSCLC and revealed the EORTC-QLQ-CAX24 questionnaire as a new tool for helping clinical decision-making.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Trial Registration:</b> ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03960034 and NCT04306094</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"7 2","pages":"157-163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/rco2.106","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143186312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of Sarcopenia in Community-Dwelling Older Adults Using the SARC-F Questionnaire: Findings From the Southampton Longitudinal Study of Ageing (SaLSA)","authors":"Harnish P. Patel,&nbsp;Evie Boswell,&nbsp;Faidra Laskou,&nbsp;Leo D. Westbury,&nbsp;Gregorio Bevilacqua,&nbsp;Ilse Bloom,&nbsp;Cyrus Cooper,&nbsp;Pritti Aggarwal,&nbsp;Elaine M. Dennison","doi":"10.1002/rco2.108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rco2.108","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sarcopenia is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. The SARC-F self-rated questionnaire is a simple tool that can be rapidly implemented by clinicians to identify individuals with probable sarcopenia who may require further in-depth assessment. A score ≥ 4 is predictive of sarcopenia and poorer outcomes. We sought to identify the prevalence and demographic correlates of probable sarcopenia in a newly formed cohort of community-dwelling older adults.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A cross-sectional analysis of 480 participants (219 men and 261 women) identified from primary care in whom a questionnaire ascertaining demographic, lifestyle factors, comorbidities, nutrition risk and SARC-F score was completed between 2021 and 2022. Participant characteristics in relation to probable sarcopenia were examined using sex-stratified logistic regression. Age was included as a covariate.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The median (lower quartile, upper quartile) age was 79.8 (76.9, 83.5) years. 12.8% (28) of men and 23% (60) of women had probable sarcopenia. Older age was associated with probable sarcopenia in both sexes (odds ratio [95% CI]: men 1.10 [1.02, 1.19], <i>p</i> = 0.01; women 1.08 [1.02, 1.14], <i>p</i> = 0.01) as was higher malnutrition risk score (men: 1.30 [1.12, 1.51], <i>p</i> = 0.001; women: 1.32 [1.17, 1.50], <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001 per unit increase). Among men, being married or in a civil partnership or cohabiting was protective against probable sarcopenia (0.39 [0.17, 0.89], <i>p</i> = 0.03) as was reporting drinking any alcohol (0.34 [0.13, 0.92], <i>p</i> = 0.03), whereas in women generally similar relationships were seen though these were weaker. Higher BMI (1.14 (1.07, 1.22), <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001 per unit increase) and more comorbidities (1.61 [1.34, 1.94], <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001 per extra medical condition) were also associated with probable sarcopenia in women.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Probable sarcopenia (SARC-F score ≥ 4) was common in older adults living in their own homes. In addition to advancing age and malnutrition, socio-demographic factors were also important. Patients with a higher SARC-F and who are living with associated risk factors should be prioritised for further in-depth assessment for sarcopenia to allow the planning and implementation of interventions to mitigate potential adverse consequences.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"7 2","pages":"164-172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/rco2.108","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143187173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Resistance Training on Markers of Cachexia in Patients with Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Reina Hanania,&nbsp;Nephtali Marina,&nbsp;Brittany Cucchiaro,&nbsp;Adrian Slee","doi":"10.1002/rco2.104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rco2.104","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Cachexia is a metabolic syndrome characterised by muscle wasting that is highly prevalent in subjects with heart failure (HF) and negatively affects physical function, quality of life, morbidity and mortality. Resistance training has been recently incorporated into cardiac rehabilitation exercise programmes to increase muscle strength in patients with HF. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to assess the effects of resistance training on markers of cachexia in patients with HF.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Four electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL and CINAHL) were searched to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effects of resistance training-only programmes on published criteria for cachexia assessment including muscle strength, body composition (e.g. lean mass/muscle mass) or biochemical markers of cachexia (e.g. inflammatory markers) in patients with HF. Studies were selected based on pre-specified inclusion and exclusion criteria, with a risk of bias assessment carried out. Meta-analyses of muscle strength outcomes were completed using RevMan 5.4.1.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Nine studies were included in this review. Pooled analysis of one repetition-maximum strength test of the lower [SMD 0.67 (95% Cl – 0.12, 1.22) &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;-value = 0.02] and upper extremities [SMD 1.20 (95% Cl – 0.62, 1.79) &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;-value &lt;0.0001] showed a significant increase in muscle strength associated with resistance training, which are both important indicators of physical function. Resistance training did not increase muscle strength during rapid movements measured via peak torque at 60, 90 or 180°/s. There were no significant results recorded for changes in body composition and biochemical markers of cachexia. There were inconsistent findings for the effect of resistance training on quality of life. No studies reported findings on measures of anorexia or fatigue.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The findings of this review reveal the potential benefits of resistance training in preserving and enhancing muscle strength in patients with HF who are at risk of cardiac cachexia. Despite inconclusive results on body composition and quality of life, the inclusion of resistance training in cardiac rehabilitation guidelines has the potential to address issues of muscle weakness and frailty. Specific resistance training protocol recommendations to prevent or treat the development of cachexia cannot be made without the publication of more robu","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"7 2","pages":"129-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/rco2.104","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143187136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altered skeletal muscle density: a matter of increased fat infiltration or reduced muscle mass?","authors":"Alex Martos Couto,&nbsp;Amauri Bomfim Junior,&nbsp;Guilherme Wesley Peixoto da Fonseca","doi":"10.1002/rco2.98","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rco2.98","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"7 1","pages":"4-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141475074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term clinical, nutritional, and functional outcomes of COVID-19 patients after hospital discharge","authors":"Laura Pedraza,&nbsp;Olga Laosa,&nbsp;Rocío Segovia-Moreno,&nbsp;Álvaro Alcalá,&nbsp;María Isabel Tornero-López,&nbsp;Germán Corral-Muñoz,&nbsp;Patricia López,&nbsp;Jose Antonio Carnicero,&nbsp;Maria Ramirez,&nbsp;Maria Camprubi,&nbsp;Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas","doi":"10.1002/rco2.97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rco2.97","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Long-term nutritional and functional status after hospitalization due to COVID-19 has been poorly described. We show the physical and nutritional stata and the symptoms compatible with Long-COVID in patients who survived after an episode of hospitalization due to COVID-19 and the associated factors.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Single-center prospective observational study. Clinical, nutritional, and physical function data were assessed in 345 subjects over 18 years of age hospitalized in an university hospital for a diagnosis of COVID-19 in 2020 at three different times of follow-up: 6 (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 118), 9 (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 115), and 15 months (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 112) after discharge. All survivors discharged during each of those periods were called consecutively at the times of follow-up in order to collect data about their nutritional and functional stata, and long-COVID symptoms.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The mean age of the 345 subjects included in the present study was 62.8 years (&lt;i&gt;SD&lt;/i&gt; 15.8), and 180 (52.2%) were men. The mean number of comorbidities was 2.6 (&lt;i&gt;SD&lt;/i&gt; 2.1). After a mean follow-up time of 10.2 ± 3.2 months, mean Barthel score showed a decrease of 2.00 (&lt;i&gt;SD&lt;/i&gt; 0.12) points, that showed to be consistent disregarding the time after discharge (6 months: 1.71 ± 4.8; 9 months: 2.17 ± 5.97; 15 months: 2.20 ± 5.25). The risk factors associated with worsening in the Barthel index score were basal Barthel index [BI &lt; 95; odds ratio (OR): 3.34, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.26–8.85], age (OR: 1.03, CI: 1.00–1.06, per year), having comorbidities (≥3 pathologies) (OR: 1.98, CI: 1.00–3.90), and female sex (OR: 2.68, CI: 1.47–4.90). Self-reported Long-COVID symptoms were frequent, mainly those related to functioning: fatigue/tiredness (39.4%), decreased mobility (16.2%), and subjective loss of muscle mass/strength (15.9%) plus mental complaints (depression/anxiety; 20.6%). Decreased mobility (OR 7.82, CI: 3.69–16.55), cognitive impairment (OR 6.76, CI: 2.22–20.58) and a score in SARC-F ≥ 2 (OR: 3.89; CI: 2.03–7.49) at follow-up were associated to the worsening in BI. BMI showed a modest, non-significant decrease at 6 months (−0.3 ± 1.7 kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;), that was fully recovered in the longest follow-up period (+0.4 ± 2.1).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Admission for COVID-19 produces a significant functional loose, mainly in those who are older, female, and with a poor basal functional status and comorbidities. This impairment does not recover sp","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"7 2","pages":"99-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/rco2.97","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143187059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Myosteatosis and not low muscle mass is associated with lower survival in kidney transplant recipients","authors":"Kristoffer N.D. Huitfeldt Sola,&nbsp;Helena M. Genberg,&nbsp;Carla M. Avesani,&nbsp;Torkel B. Brismar","doi":"10.1002/rco2.96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rco2.96","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Myosteatosis, that is muscle fat infiltration, is an important marker of muscle quality, affecting quality of life and survival in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the connection between myosteatosis, skeletal muscle index (SMI) and survival in kidney transplant (KTx) recipients remains unclear.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;This retrospective observational study included a cohort of consecutive adult kidney recipients transplanted between 2010 and 2017 in Stockholm. Preoperative abdominal computed tomography (CT) images obtained after diagnosis of CKD 5 and within 36 months of transplantation were collected. Using established criteria, we measured muscle area at the third lumbar vertebra (L3 level) and identified low attenuation muscle, indicating myosteatosis. Each area was divided by height squared providing the SMI, and fatty muscle index (FMI). Given that there is no commonly accepted definition of sarcopenia, two cut-offs for SMI were used to define low muscle mass, Cut-off 1 (≤32.8 for women and ≤44.7 for men) and Cut-off 2 (≤38.5 for women and ≤52.4 for men). Average radiodensity of skeletal muscle and Charlson comorbidity index were calculated for each patient. The influence on survival from SMI, FMI, SMI/FMI ratio, and radiodensity was analysed.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Out of 582 KTx recipients, 266 (46%) had a pre-transplant abdominal CT available. Applying SMI Cut-off 1, 30 recipients (11%) had sarcopenia compared with 106 (40%) with Cut-off 2. Neither SMI nor FMI was associated with survival. Yet there was an association between SMI/FMI ratio and survival, patients with the lowest quintile SMI/FMI ratio having a significantly lower survival when compared with the highest quintile, both in the crude model and when adjusted for age, gender, and comorbidity. Additionally, FMI, radiodensity, and SMI/FMI, but not SMI, were significantly associated with Charlson comorbidity index (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.01).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The SMI/FMI ratio may be associated with both pre-transplant comorbidity and post-transplant survival even though the significance of SMI is unclear. This suggests that SMI/FMI ratio is a better indicator of muscular impairment than skeletal muscle quantity alone. The finding may reflect the complex interplay between muscle mass, muscular fat infiltration and metabolic health, all important determinants of wellness and longevity. In summary, our study underscores the potential of the SMI/FMI ratio a","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"7 2","pages":"91-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/rco2.96","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143187337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiovascular and muscular plasticity in an endurance-master athlete following 12 weeks of detraining and retraining: a case study","authors":"Nadège Zanou,&nbsp;Vincent Gremeaux,&nbsp;Nicolas Place,&nbsp;Romuald Lepers","doi":"10.1002/rco2.93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rco2.93","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study examined the cardiorespiratory and muscular adaptations of a 53-year-old endurance master athlete following 12 weeks of detraining and retraining.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data were collected before and after detraining, and after retraining. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO_2max) was evaluated during maximal cycling exercise. Proteins involved in muscle contraction, mitochondrial function and glycolysis were investigated using western blot analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>VO_2max decreased by 7% after detraining and was 5% greater than baseline after retraining. Detraining induced an important increase in the ryanodine receptor type 1 protein levels (RyR1, +44%) with a decrease in the protein levels of its stabilizer FKBP12 (−24%). We observed a 138% increase in the sarco-endoplasmic reticulum ATPase 1 protein and a 42% increase in the myosin heavy chain fast-twitch protein in response to detraining. This was associated with depressed levels of the mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) proteins, while the expression of the mitochondrial dynamic proteins appeared stimulated. Twelve weeks of retraining reversed almost all the alterations observed in muscle proteins, but specifically increased mitochondrial biogenesis, OXPHOS and antioxidant defence proteins as well as the glucose transporter 4 (Glut-4, +36%) and hexokinase (+100%) proteins levels above the baseline. The mitochondrial dynamic proteins were further increased with the retraining.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These data provide novel information on cardiorespiratory and muscular plasticity, suggesting that highly endurance-trained athletes might show substantial muscular adaptations while retrained after a detraining period and call for more extensive clinical trials.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"7 2","pages":"82-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/rco2.93","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143187332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncorrected and subcutaneous fat-corrected echo intensities are similarly associated with magnetic resonance imaging per cent fat","authors":"Benjamin Rush,&nbsp;Sujay Garlapati,&nbsp;Jevin Lortie,&nbsp;Katie Osterbauer,&nbsp;Timothy J. Colgan,&nbsp;Daiki Tamada,&nbsp;Toby C. Campbell,&nbsp;Anne Traynor,&nbsp;Ticiana Leal,&nbsp;Kenneth Lee,&nbsp;Scott B. Reeder,&nbsp;Adam J. Kuchnia","doi":"10.1002/rco2.92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rco2.92","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Establishing interchangeable biomedical imaging-based measures to assess myosteatosis clinically may lead to the prevention of muscle wasting, yet neither a consensus measure nor a conversion between measures exists. Ultrasound echo intensity (EI) potentially assesses myosteatosis, but subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) thickness and user force application have been shown to influence EI. Although correction factors exist to adjust EI for SAT thickness, they are modelled against poor or no reference measures. Modelling EI corrections against a robust reference measure of myosteatosis, like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based proton density fat fraction (PDFF), is necessary for EI's clinical application.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Healthy young adults, healthy older adults, and older adults undergoing treatment for lung cancer (<i>n</i> = 10 per group with 50% females) had PDFF and EI at 0, 5, 10, and 15 N measured on their right rectus femoris (RF). We compared EI, SAT thickness, and RF thickness between forces and groups and assessed the relationships between EI adjusted by four different correction factors and PDFF.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The mean age of our sample was 48.63 ± 19.68 years and had a body mass index of 25.21 ± 5.19 kg/m². The correlation between PDFF and raw EI was <i>r</i> = 0.59 (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001) with negligible increases by previously published correction factors (Young: 0.62, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001; Neto Müller: 0.61, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). EI, SAT thickness, and RF thickness did not significantly differ between forces (<i>χ</i>² = 0.31, <i>P</i> = 0.957; <i>χ</i>² = 2.39, <i>P</i> = 0.496; and <i>χ</i>² = 7.75, <i>P</i> = 0.051, respectively). EI and PDFF were significantly lower among young healthy adults compared with older adult groups (<i>χ</i>² = 12.88, <i>P</i> = 0.002, and <i>χ</i>² = 9.13, <i>P</i> = 0.010, respectively).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>EI is correlated with PDFF regardless of force with no improvement from previously published correction factors. Our results suggest that EI is clinically useful and influenced by fat content, yet correction factors must account for more than SAT thickness alone and require further investigation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"7 1","pages":"66-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/rco2.92","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141475098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A genome wide association study to identify germline copy number variants associated with cancer cachexia: a preliminary analysis","authors":"Ashok Narasimhan,&nbsp;Mahalakshmi Kumaran,&nbsp;Ioannis Gioulbasanis,&nbsp;Richard J.E. Skipworth,&nbsp;Oliver F. Bathe,&nbsp;Stein Kaasa,&nbsp;Florian Strasser,&nbsp;Bruno Gagnon,&nbsp;Vickie Baracos,&nbsp;Sambasivarao Damaraju","doi":"10.1002/rco2.91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rco2.91","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cancer cachexia is characterized by severe loss of muscle and fat involving a complex interplay of host–tumour interactions. While much emphasis has been placed on understanding the molecular mechanisms associated with cachexia, understanding the heritable component of cachexia remains less explored. The current study aims to identify copy number variants (CNV) as genetic susceptibility determinants for weight loss in patients with cancer cachexia using genome wide association study (GWAS) approach.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 174 age-matched patients with oesophagogastric or lung cancer were classified as weight losing (&gt;10% weight loss) or weight stable participants (&lt;2% weight loss). DNA was genotyped using Affymetrix SNP 6.0 arrays to profile CNVs. We tested CNVs with &gt;5% frequency in the population for association with weight loss. Pathway analysis was performed using the genes embedded within CNVs. To understand if the CNVs in the present study are also expressed in skeletal muscle of patients with cachexia, we utilized two publicly available human gene expression datasets to infer the relevance of identified genes in the context of cachexia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among the associated CNVs, 5414 CNVs had embedded protein coding genes. Of these, 1583 CNVs were present at &gt;5% frequency. We combined multiple contiguous CNVs within the same genomic region and called them Copy Number Variable Region (CNVR). This led to identifying 896 non-redundant CNV/CNVRs, which encompassed 803 protein coding genes. Genes embedded within CNVs were enriched for several pathways implicated in cachexia and muscle wasting including JAK–STAT signalling, Oncostatin M signalling, Wnt signalling and PI3K-Akt signalling. This is the first proof of principle GWAS study to identify CNVs as genetic determinants for cancer cachexia. Further, we show that a subset of CNV/CNVR embedded genes identified in the current study are common with the previously published skeletal muscle gene expression datasets, indicating that expression of CNV/CNVR genes in muscle may have functional consequences in patients with cachexia. These genes include CPT1B, SPON1, LOXL1, NFAT5, RBFOX1, and PCSK6 to name a few.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This is the first proof of principle GWAS study to identify CNVs as genetic determinants for cancer cachexia. The data generated will aid in future replication studies in larger cohorts to account for genetic susceptibility to weig","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"7 1","pages":"55-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/rco2.91","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141475100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}