JCSM rapid communications最新文献

{"title":"Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency in Heart Failure: Clinical Features and Association With Cardiac Cachexia","authors":"Marlene A. T. Vijver, Olivier C. Dams, Thomas M. Gorter, Charlotte L. van Veldhuisen, Robert C. Verdonk, Dirk J. van Veldhuisen","doi":"10.1002/rco2.102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rco2.102","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cardiac cachexia is a complex syndrome, and the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) causes malabsorption, malnutrition and sarcopenia; and might contribute to cardiac cachexia. The prevalence of EPI and its clinical profile in patients with heart failure (HF) remain unknown. The objective of this study is to prospectively examine the prevalence and clinical characteristics of EPI in a wide spectrum of patients with HF and to relate these findings to malnutrition and cardiac cachexia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Exocrine pancreatic function was examined in patients with HF using faecal elastase 1 (FE-1) measurements. A FE-1 level of ≤206 μg/g (<200 ± 3%) supported the diagnosis of EPI. All patients were well characterized (including echocardiography and biomarkers); in 36 patients, invasive hemodynamics were measured. Cardiac cachexia was defined as non-edematous weight loss >5% in at least six months. Malnutrition was assessed by the Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire (SNAQ). Comparisons were made between patients with and without EPI.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We enrolled 60 consecutive patients; mean age was 60 ± 10 years, 25 (42%) were women, mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 29 ± 14% and median N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) was 3926 [2126–6645] pg/mL. Six patients (10%) had EPI. They had a lower body weight (61.7 versus 83.0 kg; <i>p</i> = 0.003) and lower BMI (22.3 ± 3.3 versus 26.9 ± 4.5 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, <i>p</i> = 0.02), but functional class, LVEF and NT-proBNP were similar (<i>p</i> = 0.53, <i>p</i> = 0.78 and <i>p</i> = 0.97, respectively). Patients with EPI had a higher SNAQ-score, indicating (more symptoms of) malnutrition (1 [0–3] versus 3 [2–4], <i>p</i> = 0.045). Cardiac cachexia was present in three (50%) of the patients with EPI (versus 26% in patients without EPI, <i>p</i> = 0.35). Patients with EPI exhibited lower serum lipase than patients without EPI (23 [14–25] U/L versus 39 [26–71] U/L, <i>p</i> = 0.003). The aetiology of HF was different between groups (<i>p</i> = 0.016); patients with congenital heart disease appeared to be more often affected by EPI (<i>p</i> = 0.07).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>EPI is present in a significant proportion of patients with HF but is not associated with conventional HF parameters. Patients with HF and EPI are characterized by lower body weight and BMI, malnutrition and lower plasma","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"7 2","pages":"117-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/rco2.102","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143186807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Systematic Review of the Impact of Vegetarian Diets on Muscle Mass and Muscle Strength in Community-Dwelling, Healthy Adults","authors":"Linda Smillie,&nbsp;Michelle Minehan,&nbsp;Catherine R. Knight-Agarwal,&nbsp;Chris Oliver,&nbsp;Murray Turner","doi":"10.1002/rco2.109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rco2.109","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Loss of muscle mass and muscle strength are key characteristics of age-related muscle decline. Dietary protein is a key nutrient that supports optimal muscle health. However, there is a strong argument to reduce intake of animal protein for health and environmental reasons. The effects of vegetarian diets on determinants of muscle health are not clear. This systematic review aimed to investigate the impact of vegetarian diets on muscle mass and muscle strength.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A systematic literature search of the CINAHL, Medline, Scopus and Web of Science Core Collection databases, as well as the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Studies reporting the effects of vegetarian diets on muscle mass and strength were analysed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of three interventions and 11 observational studied were eligible to be included (<i>n</i> = 14) in this review. Five of the 12 studies that reported muscle mass found no difference in muscle mass between participants consuming an omnivorous versus vegetarian diet. One observational study reported higher muscle mass for vegetarians. Of the studies that reported muscle strength (<i>n</i> = 5), three reported no difference between participants consuming an omnivorous and vegetarian diet.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Half of the included studies reported no difference in muscle mass or strength between vegetarians and omnivores. Further high-quality studies are needed to better understand the relationship between vegetarian diets and determinants of muscle health.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"7 2","pages":"173-185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/rco2.109","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143186545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on Physical Performance and Muscle Strength in Older People—A Systematic Review","authors":"Rebecca Renji,&nbsp;Sian M. Robinson,&nbsp;Miles D. Witham","doi":"10.1002/rco2.105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rco2.105","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sarcopenia, the loss of muscle strength and mass with age, is a major cause of morbidity for older people. Dietary nitrate supplementation has been proposed as an intervention to improve skeletal muscle function via action as nitric oxide (NO) donors. However, the effect of nitrate supplementation on physical performance and muscle strength in older people is unclear. We aimed to systematically review evidence on whether dietary nitrate supplementation improves markers of muscle strength, muscle mass and physical performance in older people.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a systematic review of randomised controlled trials according to a prespecified protocol by two reviewers. We included interventional studies using dietary nitrate supplementation, mean participant age of &gt;60 years, with or without muscle weakness. Outcomes of interest were physical performance, muscle strength and muscle mass. Risk of bias was assessed using a modified version of the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Results were grouped by intervention and outcome measures and were described by narrative synthesis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty-eight studies were included, with a size range of 8–72 participants. Intervention duration ranged from a single dose to 12 weeks. Seven studies were in healthy older people. Most studies had a high or unclear risk of bias; three had a low risk of bias. One-hundred-two outcomes were reported; 67 were related to physical performance, and 35 were related to muscle strength. No included study measured muscle mass. Thirty-three outcomes showed significant improvement, two showed significant worsening and 67 showed no statistically significant difference. Meta-analysis was not possible due to data heterogeneity. Subgroup analyses for different doses of nitrate (above or below 10 mmol nitrate per day), duration of treatment or specific commonly measured outcomes did not indicate any subgroup more likely to show positive results. The proportion of positive outcomes was similar in studies using beetroot extract, nitrate alone or exercise as a co-intervention.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Current evidence is insufficient to decide if dietary nitrate supplementation improves skeletal muscle function in older people. Future studies should be longer, larger and target older people with sarcopenia or frailty.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"7 2","pages":"143-156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/rco2.105","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143186415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food Aversion, Systemic Inflammation and Intramuscular Adipose Tissue are Mortality Predictors in Advanced Lung Cancer Patients","authors":"Willian das Neves,&nbsp;Ana Paula de Souza Borges,&nbsp;Vinicius Jardim Carvalho,&nbsp;André Fujita,&nbsp;Gilberto de Castro Jr","doi":"10.1002/rco2.106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rco2.106","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cancer cachexia, systemic inflammation and muscle wasting are associated with poor survival in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients (pts). We hypothesized whether neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and intramuscular adipose tissue/skeletal muscle index (IMAT/SMI) would predict prognosis in metastatic NSCLC (mNSCLC). In addition, we verified the role of a cancer cachexia questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-CAX24) in the survival prediction.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We analysed a prospective cohort of 128 treatment-naive mNSCLC pts (April 2017 to May 2020). We evaluated QoL using the EORTC-QLQ-C30 and EORTC-QLQ-CAX24 scales. We used the baseline NLR as a surrogate of systemic inflammation. We did evaluate IMAT/SMI using baseline plain computed tomography imaging. Cox multivariate regression, including age, sex, ECOG-PS and histology as covariates, was performed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Elevated NLR (hazard ratio [HR] 1.26, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–1.59, <i>p</i> = 0.038), IMAT/SMI ratio (HR 1.37, 95% CI: 1.03–1.84, <i>p</i> = 0.032) and high CAX24 scores for food aversion (HR 1.52, 95% CI: 1.13–2.03, <i>p</i> = 0.006) were associated with worse prognosis in mNSCLC. Indeed, higher ECOG-PS (Spearman rho = 0.208, <i>p</i> = 0.027), CAX24 scores for food aversion (Spearman rho = 0.197, <i>p</i> = 0.036), loss of control (Spearman rho = 0.212, <i>p</i> = 0.024) and eating and weight loss worry domains (Spearman rho = 0.219, <i>p</i> = 0.020) were associated with elevated NLR levels.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Elevated NLR, IMAT/SMI ratio and CAX24 score for food aversion are independently associated with worse survival in mNSCLC. These data underscored the importance of cachexia features as negative prognostic factors in mNSCLC and revealed the EORTC-QLQ-CAX24 questionnaire as a new tool for helping clinical decision-making.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Trial Registration:</b> ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03960034 and NCT04306094</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"7 2","pages":"157-163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/rco2.106","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143186312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of Sarcopenia in Community-Dwelling Older Adults Using the SARC-F Questionnaire: Findings From the Southampton Longitudinal Study of Ageing (SaLSA)","authors":"Harnish P. Patel,&nbsp;Evie Boswell,&nbsp;Faidra Laskou,&nbsp;Leo D. Westbury,&nbsp;Gregorio Bevilacqua,&nbsp;Ilse Bloom,&nbsp;Cyrus Cooper,&nbsp;Pritti Aggarwal,&nbsp;Elaine M. Dennison","doi":"10.1002/rco2.108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rco2.108","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sarcopenia is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. The SARC-F self-rated questionnaire is a simple tool that can be rapidly implemented by clinicians to identify individuals with probable sarcopenia who may require further in-depth assessment. A score ≥ 4 is predictive of sarcopenia and poorer outcomes. We sought to identify the prevalence and demographic correlates of probable sarcopenia in a newly formed cohort of community-dwelling older adults.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A cross-sectional analysis of 480 participants (219 men and 261 women) identified from primary care in whom a questionnaire ascertaining demographic, lifestyle factors, comorbidities, nutrition risk and SARC-F score was completed between 2021 and 2022. Participant characteristics in relation to probable sarcopenia were examined using sex-stratified logistic regression. Age was included as a covariate.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The median (lower quartile, upper quartile) age was 79.8 (76.9, 83.5) years. 12.8% (28) of men and 23% (60) of women had probable sarcopenia. Older age was associated with probable sarcopenia in both sexes (odds ratio [95% CI]: men 1.10 [1.02, 1.19], <i>p</i> = 0.01; women 1.08 [1.02, 1.14], <i>p</i> = 0.01) as was higher malnutrition risk score (men: 1.30 [1.12, 1.51], <i>p</i> = 0.001; women: 1.32 [1.17, 1.50], <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001 per unit increase). Among men, being married or in a civil partnership or cohabiting was protective against probable sarcopenia (0.39 [0.17, 0.89], <i>p</i> = 0.03) as was reporting drinking any alcohol (0.34 [0.13, 0.92], <i>p</i> = 0.03), whereas in women generally similar relationships were seen though these were weaker. Higher BMI (1.14 (1.07, 1.22), <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001 per unit increase) and more comorbidities (1.61 [1.34, 1.94], <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001 per extra medical condition) were also associated with probable sarcopenia in women.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Probable sarcopenia (SARC-F score ≥ 4) was common in older adults living in their own homes. In addition to advancing age and malnutrition, socio-demographic factors were also important. Patients with a higher SARC-F and who are living with associated risk factors should be prioritised for further in-depth assessment for sarcopenia to allow the planning and implementation of interventions to mitigate potential adverse consequences.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"7 2","pages":"164-172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/rco2.108","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143187173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Resistance Training on Markers of Cachexia in Patients with Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Reina Hanania,&nbsp;Nephtali Marina,&nbsp;Brittany Cucchiaro,&nbsp;Adrian Slee","doi":"10.1002/rco2.104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rco2.104","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Cachexia is a metabolic syndrome characterised by muscle wasting that is highly prevalent in subjects with heart failure (HF) and negatively affects physical function, quality of life, morbidity and mortality. Resistance training has been recently incorporated into cardiac rehabilitation exercise programmes to increase muscle strength in patients with HF. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to assess the effects of resistance training on markers of cachexia in patients with HF.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Four electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL and CINAHL) were searched to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effects of resistance training-only programmes on published criteria for cachexia assessment including muscle strength, body composition (e.g. lean mass/muscle mass) or biochemical markers of cachexia (e.g. inflammatory markers) in patients with HF. Studies were selected based on pre-specified inclusion and exclusion criteria, with a risk of bias assessment carried out. Meta-analyses of muscle strength outcomes were completed using RevMan 5.4.1.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Nine studies were included in this review. Pooled analysis of one repetition-maximum strength test of the lower [SMD 0.67 (95% Cl – 0.12, 1.22) &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;-value = 0.02] and upper extremities [SMD 1.20 (95% Cl – 0.62, 1.79) &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;-value &lt;0.0001] showed a significant increase in muscle strength associated with resistance training, which are both important indicators of physical function. Resistance training did not increase muscle strength during rapid movements measured via peak torque at 60, 90 or 180°/s. There were no significant results recorded for changes in body composition and biochemical markers of cachexia. There were inconsistent findings for the effect of resistance training on quality of life. No studies reported findings on measures of anorexia or fatigue.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The findings of this review reveal the potential benefits of resistance training in preserving and enhancing muscle strength in patients with HF who are at risk of cardiac cachexia. Despite inconclusive results on body composition and quality of life, the inclusion of resistance training in cardiac rehabilitation guidelines has the potential to address issues of muscle weakness and frailty. Specific resistance training protocol recommendations to prevent or treat the development of cachexia cannot be made without the publication of more robu","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"7 2","pages":"129-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/rco2.104","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143187136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altered skeletal muscle density: a matter of increased fat infiltration or reduced muscle mass?","authors":"Alex Martos Couto,&nbsp;Amauri Bomfim Junior,&nbsp;Guilherme Wesley Peixoto da Fonseca","doi":"10.1002/rco2.98","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rco2.98","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"7 1","pages":"4-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141475074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term clinical, nutritional, and functional outcomes of COVID-19 patients after hospital discharge","authors":"Laura Pedraza,&nbsp;Olga Laosa,&nbsp;Rocío Segovia-Moreno,&nbsp;Álvaro Alcalá,&nbsp;María Isabel Tornero-López,&nbsp;Germán Corral-Muñoz,&nbsp;Patricia López,&nbsp;Jose Antonio Carnicero,&nbsp;Maria Ramirez,&nbsp;Maria Camprubi,&nbsp;Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas","doi":"10.1002/rco2.97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rco2.97","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Long-term nutritional and functional status after hospitalization due to COVID-19 has been poorly described. We show the physical and nutritional stata and the symptoms compatible with Long-COVID in patients who survived after an episode of hospitalization due to COVID-19 and the associated factors.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Single-center prospective observational study. Clinical, nutritional, and physical function data were assessed in 345 subjects over 18 years of age hospitalized in an university hospital for a diagnosis of COVID-19 in 2020 at three different times of follow-up: 6 (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 118), 9 (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 115), and 15 months (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 112) after discharge. All survivors discharged during each of those periods were called consecutively at the times of follow-up in order to collect data about their nutritional and functional stata, and long-COVID symptoms.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The mean age of the 345 subjects included in the present study was 62.8 years (&lt;i&gt;SD&lt;/i&gt; 15.8), and 180 (52.2%) were men. The mean number of comorbidities was 2.6 (&lt;i&gt;SD&lt;/i&gt; 2.1). After a mean follow-up time of 10.2 ± 3.2 months, mean Barthel score showed a decrease of 2.00 (&lt;i&gt;SD&lt;/i&gt; 0.12) points, that showed to be consistent disregarding the time after discharge (6 months: 1.71 ± 4.8; 9 months: 2.17 ± 5.97; 15 months: 2.20 ± 5.25). The risk factors associated with worsening in the Barthel index score were basal Barthel index [BI &lt; 95; odds ratio (OR): 3.34, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.26–8.85], age (OR: 1.03, CI: 1.00–1.06, per year), having comorbidities (≥3 pathologies) (OR: 1.98, CI: 1.00–3.90), and female sex (OR: 2.68, CI: 1.47–4.90). Self-reported Long-COVID symptoms were frequent, mainly those related to functioning: fatigue/tiredness (39.4%), decreased mobility (16.2%), and subjective loss of muscle mass/strength (15.9%) plus mental complaints (depression/anxiety; 20.6%). Decreased mobility (OR 7.82, CI: 3.69–16.55), cognitive impairment (OR 6.76, CI: 2.22–20.58) and a score in SARC-F ≥ 2 (OR: 3.89; CI: 2.03–7.49) at follow-up were associated to the worsening in BI. BMI showed a modest, non-significant decrease at 6 months (−0.3 ± 1.7 kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;), that was fully recovered in the longest follow-up period (+0.4 ± 2.1).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Admission for COVID-19 produces a significant functional loose, mainly in those who are older, female, and with a poor basal functional status and comorbidities. This impairment does not recover sp","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"7 2","pages":"99-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/rco2.97","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143187059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Myosteatosis and not low muscle mass is associated with lower survival in kidney transplant recipients","authors":"Kristoffer N.D. Huitfeldt Sola,&nbsp;Helena M. Genberg,&nbsp;Carla M. Avesani,&nbsp;Torkel B. Brismar","doi":"10.1002/rco2.96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rco2.96","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Myosteatosis, that is muscle fat infiltration, is an important marker of muscle quality, affecting quality of life and survival in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the connection between myosteatosis, skeletal muscle index (SMI) and survival in kidney transplant (KTx) recipients remains unclear.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;This retrospective observational study included a cohort of consecutive adult kidney recipients transplanted between 2010 and 2017 in Stockholm. Preoperative abdominal computed tomography (CT) images obtained after diagnosis of CKD 5 and within 36 months of transplantation were collected. Using established criteria, we measured muscle area at the third lumbar vertebra (L3 level) and identified low attenuation muscle, indicating myosteatosis. Each area was divided by height squared providing the SMI, and fatty muscle index (FMI). Given that there is no commonly accepted definition of sarcopenia, two cut-offs for SMI were used to define low muscle mass, Cut-off 1 (≤32.8 for women and ≤44.7 for men) and Cut-off 2 (≤38.5 for women and ≤52.4 for men). Average radiodensity of skeletal muscle and Charlson comorbidity index were calculated for each patient. The influence on survival from SMI, FMI, SMI/FMI ratio, and radiodensity was analysed.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Out of 582 KTx recipients, 266 (46%) had a pre-transplant abdominal CT available. Applying SMI Cut-off 1, 30 recipients (11%) had sarcopenia compared with 106 (40%) with Cut-off 2. Neither SMI nor FMI was associated with survival. Yet there was an association between SMI/FMI ratio and survival, patients with the lowest quintile SMI/FMI ratio having a significantly lower survival when compared with the highest quintile, both in the crude model and when adjusted for age, gender, and comorbidity. Additionally, FMI, radiodensity, and SMI/FMI, but not SMI, were significantly associated with Charlson comorbidity index (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.01).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The SMI/FMI ratio may be associated with both pre-transplant comorbidity and post-transplant survival even though the significance of SMI is unclear. This suggests that SMI/FMI ratio is a better indicator of muscular impairment than skeletal muscle quantity alone. The finding may reflect the complex interplay between muscle mass, muscular fat infiltration and metabolic health, all important determinants of wellness and longevity. In summary, our study underscores the potential of the SMI/FMI ratio a","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"7 2","pages":"91-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/rco2.96","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143187337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiovascular and muscular plasticity in an endurance-master athlete following 12 weeks of detraining and retraining: a case study","authors":"Nadège Zanou,&nbsp;Vincent Gremeaux,&nbsp;Nicolas Place,&nbsp;Romuald Lepers","doi":"10.1002/rco2.93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rco2.93","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study examined the cardiorespiratory and muscular adaptations of a 53-year-old endurance master athlete following 12 weeks of detraining and retraining.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data were collected before and after detraining, and after retraining. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO_2max) was evaluated during maximal cycling exercise. Proteins involved in muscle contraction, mitochondrial function and glycolysis were investigated using western blot analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>VO_2max decreased by 7% after detraining and was 5% greater than baseline after retraining. Detraining induced an important increase in the ryanodine receptor type 1 protein levels (RyR1, +44%) with a decrease in the protein levels of its stabilizer FKBP12 (−24%). We observed a 138% increase in the sarco-endoplasmic reticulum ATPase 1 protein and a 42% increase in the myosin heavy chain fast-twitch protein in response to detraining. This was associated with depressed levels of the mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) proteins, while the expression of the mitochondrial dynamic proteins appeared stimulated. Twelve weeks of retraining reversed almost all the alterations observed in muscle proteins, but specifically increased mitochondrial biogenesis, OXPHOS and antioxidant defence proteins as well as the glucose transporter 4 (Glut-4, +36%) and hexokinase (+100%) proteins levels above the baseline. The mitochondrial dynamic proteins were further increased with the retraining.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These data provide novel information on cardiorespiratory and muscular plasticity, suggesting that highly endurance-trained athletes might show substantial muscular adaptations while retrained after a detraining period and call for more extensive clinical trials.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"7 2","pages":"82-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/rco2.93","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143187332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}