JCSM rapid communications最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Multicomponent Interventions for Adults With Cancer Cachexia on Physical Function Outcomes","authors":"Megan Bowers,&nbsp;Irene J. Higginson,&nbsp;Matthew Maddocks","doi":"10.1002/rco2.70033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rco2.70033","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Progressive functional decline is a defining feature of cancer cachexia. We evaluated the effects of multicomponent interventions for adults with cancer cachexia on physical function outcomes. We also explored whether changes in physical function outcomes or overall quality of life varied following interventions with or without components directly targeting physical function (e.g., exercise training).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We analysed functional outcomes from studies included in our published systematic review of multicomponent interventions for adults with cancer cachexia, supplemented with an updated search. We conducted meta-analyses of change scores from randomised trials comparing physical function outcomes following multicomponent interventions versus standard care. Exploratory analyses of standardised effect measures, including studies of any design, compared interventions based on whether or not they directly targeted physical function.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We analysed data from 35 studies of multicomponent interventions, 19 of which included components directly targeting physical function. Handgrip strength was on average 1.06 kg greater (95% CI, −0.72–2.84 kg), and 6-min walk distance was on average 16.20 m greater (95% CI, −38.27–70.67 m), following multicomponent intervention compared with standard care. Exploratory analysis showed improvement in fatigue was highest following an intervention with a specific fatigue self-management component (standardised mean change: 4.76). Standardised mean change in quality of life was slightly lower following interventions with components directly targeting physical function (0.28 vs. 0.59) though effects were varied.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Multicomponent interventions appear to be superior to standard care for improving some measures of physical function for adults with cancer cachexia, namely, handgrip strength and the 6-min walk distance. Interventions targeting specific aspects of physical function (e.g., fatigue) may lead to greater improvements in those outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/rco2.70033","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146193396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative and Qualitative Changes in Skeletal Muscle Following Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation","authors":"Daisuke Tatebayashi,&nbsp;Daisuke Makiura,&nbsp;Maho Okumura,&nbsp;Katsuya Fujiwara,&nbsp;Mayu Mizuta,&nbsp;Junichiro Inoue,&nbsp;Yoshitada Sakai","doi":"10.1002/rco2.70026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rco2.70026","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Although haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is known to cause substantial declines in muscle strength, changes in skeletal muscle quantity and quality remain poorly characterized. The clinical utility of non-invasive muscle assessment tools, such as bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and ultrasound (US) imaging, has not been systematically compared with computed tomography (CT), which is regarded as the gold standard for skeletal muscle assessment.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;This study included 31 patients who underwent HSCT (23 allogeneic, 8 autologous; 42% female; median age 47 years). Skeletal muscle mass and quality were assessed using CT, BIA, and US imaging. CT was performed before transplantation, while BIA, US imaging, and physical performance assessments (handgrip strength, knee extension strength, and 6-min walk test) were conducted both before transplantation and at discharge. Correlations between CT and non-invasive assessments were analysed, and longitudinal changes in muscle parameters were evaluated.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;BIA-derived skeletal muscle index and lower-limb muscle mass showed strong correlations with CT-based psoas muscle volume (&lt;i&gt;ρ&lt;/i&gt; &gt; 0.75, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001). CT-based psoas muscle density demonstrated moderate correlations with phase angle and muscle echo intensity (&lt;i&gt;ρ&lt;/i&gt; = −0.47 to 0.41, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). In patients undergoing allogeneic HSCT, significant declines were observed in hydration-adjusted lean body mass (mean change −2.1 kg, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.024), lower-limb muscle mass (−0.5 kg, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.005) and rectus femoris + vastus intermedius thickness (−3.5 mm, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.004), phase angle (−0.6°, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001), handgrip strength (−4.4 kg, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001), knee extension strength (−72.7 N, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001), and 6-min walk distance (−93.7 m, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001). In contrast, patients undergoing autologous HSCT largely preserved muscle strength and mass (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &gt; 0.200), despite similar reductions in phase angle (−0.6°, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.001).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;BIA provides a clinically feasible and reliable alternative to CT for assessing skeletal muscle quantity in patients undergoing HSCT. Loss of skeletal muscle mass was strongly associated with functional decline in recipients of allogeneic HSCT, while changes in muscle quality, such as reductions in phase angle, appeared to have limited functional impact. These findings highlight the usefulness of","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/rco2.70026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146199363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association Between Visual Function Deficits and Poor Muscle Health in Multiethnic Older Asians: The Pioneer Study","authors":"Tai-Anh Vu,&nbsp;Samuel T. H. Chew,&nbsp;Sahil Thakur,&nbsp;Hiromi Yee,&nbsp;Ryan E. K. Man,&nbsp;Eva K. Fenwick,&nbsp;Amudha Aravindhan,&nbsp;Belicia Lim Jia Yi,&nbsp;Preeti Gupta,&nbsp;Ecosse L. Lamoureux","doi":"10.1002/rco2.70020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rco2.70020","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;To determine the associations between deficits in the visual function system, comprising visual acuity (VAI), contrast sensitivity (CSI), colour vision (CVI), depth perception (DPI) and visual field (VFI) impairments, as well as poor muscle health in an older Asian population.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We used data from the baseline assessment of the Population Health and Eye Disease Profile in Elderly Singaporeans (PIONEER; 2017–2022) study. Visual function deficits included near visual acuity impairment (NVAI) (&gt; N8), distance visual acuity impairment–DVAI (&lt; 20/40 or &gt; 0.3 logMAR), CSI (&lt; 1.55 logCS), CVI (1 or more major crossings on Farnsworth D-15), DPI (≥ 150 arc sec) and VFI (Hodapp, Parish and Anderson criteria). Poor muscle health was defined as the presence of either low muscle mass (appendicular-lean-mass/height&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; of &lt; 7 kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; for males and &lt; 5.4 kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; for females), or low muscle strength (handgrip strength &lt; 28 kg and &lt; 18 kg, in men and women, respectively) or low physical performance (gait speed of &lt; 1.0 m/s). Regression models were utilized to evaluate the associations between visual deficits and poor muscle health after adjusting for sociodemographic, clinical and lifestyle factors.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Of the 2199 included participants (1105 Chinese, 580 Malays and 514 Indians; mean age ± SD: 72.9 ± 8.3 years; 54.3% female), 91.7% had poor muscle health. In multivariable analyses, DVAI (odds ratio [OR]: 2.01; 95%CI: 1.19, 3.40), NVAI (OR: 2.48; 95%CI: 1.31, 4.71), CSI (OR: 1.77; 95%CI: 1.18, 2.64) and CVI (OR: 1.95; 95%CI: 1.07, 3.59) were significantly associated with approximately twice the odds of poor muscle health. Moreover, the likelihood of poor muscle health significantly increased with the severity of visual function deficits (all &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; trend &lt; 0.05). Participants with moderate–severe DVAI, NVAI, CSI and DPI had much higher odds (OR range: 2.24–5.78) of poor muscle health compared to those without these impairments. No associations were found between VFI and poor muscle health. The leading cause of VAI (near or distance) or CSI in those with poor muscle health was cataract (50.5%).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Older adults with visual function deficits, especially moderate–severe impairment in DVAI, NVAI and CSI, have a much higher likelihood of poor muscle health. Importantly, most cases of VAI or CSI were treatable. These findings support targeted clin","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/rco2.70020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146091098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enobosarm in Muscle Wasting: The Rest of the Story","authors":"Stephan von Haehling","doi":"10.1002/rco2.70027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rco2.70027","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Testosterone is an important anabolic in humans, but its conversion to dihydrotestosterone in skin and prostate and to oestradiol in adipose tissue also yields untoward androgenic and estrogenic effects. It was therefore a breakthrough of considerable interest, when Dalton and colleagues in 1998 reported the synthesis of non-steroidal arylpropionamide ligands for the androgen receptor. Three of these newly discovered ligands bound the receptor with affinity similar to dihydrotestosterone and mimicked its effects on receptor-mediated transcriptional activation, thus demonstrating agonist activity [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;]. Since then, a number of different non-steroidal chemical scaffolds have been developed to mimic androgen receptor ligands, including bicyclic hydantoins, bicyclic thiohydantoins, imidazolopyrazoles, benzimidazoles, anilines and quinolinones. The umbrella term for these substances is selective androgen-receptor modulators (SARMs), and they were developed with the aim of preserving anabolic effects in muscle and bone while reducing androgenic side effects (e.g., prostate stimulation, virilization and gynecomastia) and other safety concerns [&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;One of the SARMs that has seen considerable research efforts over the last 25 years is enobosarm (GTx-024), also known as ostarine (Figure 1) [&lt;span&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;]. The drug was initially licensed and advanced by GTx Inc. (Memphis, TN) for age-related muscle loss and cachexia. In 2007, GTx even struck a large SARM collaboration with Merck to pursue the treatment of sarcopenia/cachexia and other musculoskeletal conditions [&lt;span&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;]. Early trials were indeed encouraging: A Phase II randomized controlled trial in healthy elderly men and postmenopausal women (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 120) showed dose-dependent gains in lean body mass (LBM) and better stair-climb power over 12 weeks [&lt;span&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;]. A Phase II cancer-cachexia trial (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 159) improved LBM with signals in stair-climb power, both in the 1 and 3 mg daily arm, but no signal in the placebo group [&lt;span&gt;6&lt;/span&gt;]. The authors concluded that ‘enobosarm might lead to improvements in LBM, without the toxic effects associated with androgens and progestational agents’. This was followed by two near-identical Phase III studies in non-small cell lung cancer (differences mainly in chemotherapy backbone)—POWER-1 and POWER-2—designed with the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to use co-primary responder endpoints combining LBM and stair-climb power [&lt;span&gt;7, 8&lt;/span&gt;]. It was a major setback when it became clear that both programmes increased LBM but failed to deliver consistent, clinically meaningful functional gains, and thus no approval followed. Subsequent pursuit in stress urinary incontinence (ASTRID, Phase II) was negative [&lt;span&gt;9&lt;/span&gt;], reinforcing the lack of approvable benefit on functional endpoints [&lt;span&gt;10&lt;/span&gt;]. Broader commentary has since emphasized how regulator-preferred functional endpoints—and safety expect","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/rco2.70027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145904841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Acute Hospitalisation on the Characteristics of Acute Sarcopenia in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Thomas J. Cartledge,&nbsp;Qian Yue Tan,&nbsp;Liam Jones,&nbsp;Taeko Becque,&nbsp;Kinda Ibrahim,&nbsp;Stephen Eu Ruen Lim","doi":"10.1002/rco2.70024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rco2.70024","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Acute sarcopenia in hospitalised older adults is associated with poor outcomes, such as functional decline, increased risk of falls and prolonged hospital stays. Despite this, its development among older inpatients remains poorly understood. We aimed to quantify the effects of acute hospitalisation on sarcopenia outcomes in older adults.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and Web of Science were searched from inception until January 2025. Studies that included acutely admitted patients aged 65 years or older and reported changes in at least one measure of sarcopenia during hospitalisation were included. Barthel Index was also included. A random-effects meta-analysis was undertaken.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Fifty-five eligible studies were included, with a participant mean age of 82.2 years (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 14 919 participants). Our meta-analysis showed grip strength and chair-to-stand performance to significantly increase during hospitalisation (standard mean difference [SMD] = 0.06, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.00; 0.13, &lt;i&gt;I&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 3%, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.05 and SMD = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.13; 0.33, &lt;i&gt;I&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0%, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.01, respectively). No physical performance measure showed a significant change. Muscle mass showed no change when measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (SMD = 0.01, 95% CI: −0.09; 0.08, &lt;i&gt;I&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0%, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.86). There were insufficient studies using MRI (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 2) or DEXA (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 1) to perform a meta-analysis. Individual studies showed a significant decrease in mid-thigh muscle area (cm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) by MRI (mean difference [MD] = −3.9, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.01) and a significant decrease in leg lean mass (kg) by DEXA (MD = −0.16, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). Barthel Index score significantly increased from admission to discharge (SMD = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.06; 0.46, &lt;i&gt;I&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 98.0%, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.01) but significantly decreased from preadmission to discharge (SMD = −0.66, 95% CI: −0.92; −0.39, &lt;i&gt;I&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 97.5%, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001). Both age and hospital length of stay had no effect on grip strength (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.615 and &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.096) or Barthel Index (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.835 and &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.279).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;This review has shown that grip strength improves during hospitalisation and decreases in muscle mass are observed when measured using MRI or DEXA. Muscle strength and physical performance assessed on admission are poor indicators of baseli","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/rco2.70024","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145887788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Computed Tomography Derived Muscle Cross-Sectional Area With Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry Derived Whole-Body Muscle Mass in COVID-19 Survivors","authors":"Rohini Bhadra,&nbsp;Debbie Gach,&nbsp;Frits H. M. van Osch,&nbsp;Joop P. van den Bergh,&nbsp;Sucharita Sambashivaiah,&nbsp;Annemie M. W. J. Schols,&nbsp;Rosanne J. H. C. G. Beijers","doi":"10.1002/rco2.70022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rco2.70022","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Muscle mass is an important determinant of clinical outcome in chronic diseases as well as in acute infectious diseases such as COVID-19. Both dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and computed tomography (CT) imaging are utilized to quantify muscle. The objective of this study was to assess the agreement between CT segmental analysis of muscle and whole-body muscle mass from DXA.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A prospective observational study was carried out among COVID-19 survivors at least 1 year after the infection. The participants underwent a comprehensive multidimensional health assessment, including DXA and an extended chest CT. Lean mass (LM) and appendicular skeletal muscle mass (SMM) were derived from DXA, and pectoralis, L1 and L3 muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) were assessed using Slice-O-Matic software version 5.0 from the CT scans. Agreement between the two methods was assessed using Pearson correlation and Bland–Altman plots.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>One hundred thirty COVID-19 survivors (age 60.8 ± 13.1 years, female % 31.5, BMI 29.9 ± 5.2 kg/m²) were included in the analysis. 83.9% of the participants were obese or overweight. Muscle CSA at L1 and L3 had a strong positive correlation with DXA LM and SMM (L1: <i>r</i> = 0.866 and <i>r</i> = 0.853 for LM and SMM, respectively; L3: <i>r</i> = 0.845 and <i>r</i> = 0.845, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Bland–Altman plots showed good agreement between the two methods. CT pectoralis showed a moderate correlation with DXA LM and SMM (<i>r</i> = 0.659 and <i>r</i> = 0.684, respectively, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Muscle CSA at L1 and L3 from CT scans is strongly correlated, and pectoralis muscle CSA is moderately correlated with whole-body muscle mass measurement from DXA scans among COVID-19 survivors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"8 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/rco2.70022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145824813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Sarcopenia With Phase Angle and Urinary Titin Fragment in Patients With Gastrointestinal Malignancies","authors":"Mitsugi Shimoda,&nbsp;Masahiro Shiihara,&nbsp;Mitsuru Watanabe,&nbsp;Ryoichi Miyamoto,&nbsp;Jiro Shimazaki,&nbsp;Shuji Suzuki","doi":"10.1002/rco2.70025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rco2.70025","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Preoperative evaluation of sarcopenia and nutritional status is a crucial prognostic factor in patients with gastrointestinal malignancies (GIM). Whole-body phase angle (Ph A), measured via bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), reflects cellular health and nutritional condition, and has gained attention as a potential prognostic marker.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study included 149 patients who underwent surgery for GIM at our department between April 2024 and May 2025. Sarcopenia was assessed using skeletal muscle index (SMI; men: &lt; 7.0, women: &lt; 5.7 kg m²) derived from BIA, and those meeting the criteria were classified as ‘presumed sarcopenia (P-sarcopenia)’. Ph A values were also obtained using BIA, and skeletal muscle volume was measured using SYNAPSE VINCENT to determine the volume of large psoas muscle (PV).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among the 149 patients, 58 (38.9%) were diagnosed with P-sarcopenia, the breakdown being 31 males (53.4%) and 27 females (46.6%). The median age was 76 years (range: 53–89). Multivariate analysis revealed that low Ph A (odds ratio: 0.537, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.04) and low PV (odds ratio: 0.992, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.007) were significant risk factors for P-sarcopenia. These findings suggest that patients with P-sarcopenia tend to have lower Ph A and PV values.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patients with GIM who present with P-sarcopenia are more likely to exhibit reduced Ph A and PV, indicating compromised cellular and nutritional status. Ph A, as a non-invasive and easily obtainable parameter via BIA, may serve as a useful screening tool for identifying P-sarcopenia in preoperative settings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"8 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/rco2.70025","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145824853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Velocity-Based-Training Induces Positive Changes in Muscle Morphology in Parkinson's Disease Patients: A Pilot Study","authors":"Caleb P. Calaway,&nbsp;Ana Raquel Calzada,&nbsp;Michel Huyghe,&nbsp;Colten Brown,&nbsp;Humzah Ali,&nbsp;Kylie Martinez,&nbsp;Bryan Mann,&nbsp;Ihtsham Haq,&nbsp;Joseph F. Signorile","doi":"10.1002/rco2.70023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rco2.70023","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;High-speed resistance training has been shown to be a viable intervention for reducing neuromuscular symptoms in older persons with Parkinson's disease. Velocity-based training, a recently developed resistance training modality, utilizes velocity rather than load to dictate progressions. No study has examined the effects of this training method on muscle structure in Parkinson's patients.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Sixteen older adults with Parkinson's disease (Hoehn and Yahr Stages 1–3) were randomly assigned to a 10% (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 7, 6 males, 1 female) or 30% (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 9, 6 males, 3 females) velocity loss threshold protocol twice weekly for 12 weeks of velocity-based training. Changes in ultrasound measures including muscle thickness, echo intensity, pennation angle, shear wave elastography, and performance measurements including specific force and power of the left and right rectus femoris and vastus lateralis were analysed before and after the intervention period.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Significant improvements were seen for the sample in muscle thickness for the right (MDiff ± SE = 0.19 ± 0.05 cm; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.003) and left (0.20 ± 0.09 cm; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.033) rectus femoris and the right (0.14 ± 0.06 cm; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.04) and left (0.19 ± 0.07 cm; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.018) vastus lateralis. For echo intensity, there were significant improvements for the right rectus femoris (−3.37 ± 1.29 units; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.002) and the left vastus lateralis (−7.11 ± 2.68 units; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.019); however, improvements in the left (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.033) and right (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001) vastus lateralis were seen only by the 30% velocity loss threshold group. Significant increases in pennation angle were detected in the right rectus femoris (2.47° ± 0.84°; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.011) and reductions in shear wave elastography for the left rectus femoris (−3.33 ± 1.29 kPa; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.013) of the sample. For specific power, significant improvements were seen for the right (0.02 ± 0.01 W·cm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.040) and left (0.04 ± 0.02 W·cm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.047) rectus femoris muscles for both groups.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Results indicate that 12 weeks of velocity-based training can produce positive changes in muscle morphology and neuromuscular performance of the lower limbs for individuals with Parkinson's disease. Furthermore, using a 30% velocity loss threshold is more effective than using a 10% velocity loss threshold.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;&lt;","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"8 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/rco2.70023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145824389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Stretching on Skeletal Muscle Fibrosis in Sarcopenia","authors":"Daiki Nohara,&nbsp;Momoko Nagai-Tanima,&nbsp;Shion Masuda,&nbsp;Misa Toyota,&nbsp;Ryo Nakahara,&nbsp;Kazuhiro Hayashi,&nbsp;Tomoki Aoyama","doi":"10.1002/rco2.70021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rco2.70021","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Muscle weakness with age precedes muscle mass loss, and muscle quality is an issue in sarcopenia. Muscle tissue fibrosis progresses with age, with an increasing proportion of connective tissue containing collagen fibres. Increased fibrosis reduces the efficiency of force transmission during muscle contraction, leading to decreased muscle tension and overall performance. However, few studies have focused specifically on this condition and examined its treatment and effects. Using senescence-accelerated mouse-prone 8 (SAMP8) models, we aimed to clarify the effects of stretch stimulation on fibrosis and examine muscle function, histological changes in fibrosis and changes in fibrosis-related genes.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The right side of the gastrocnemius muscle of 8-month-old SAMP8 was the stretch group and the left side the control group (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 8/group). The intervention was performed 15 times/min, 15 min/day and 5 days/week for 2 weeks. Muscle wet weight (MWW), ankle joint range of motion and passive/active tension were measured to evaluate muscle function. For histological analysis, muscle fibre cross-sectional area (CSA) and collagen content were calculated using haematoxylin and eosin and picrosirius-red staining, respectively. For molecular biological analysis, mRNA expression levels of fibrosis-related genes, transforming growth factor-β, α-smooth muscle actin (SMA), and collagen types I and III were measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;There was no significant difference in body weight and ankle joint's range of motion before and after the intervention. MWW after the intervention was higher in the stretch group (control group, 0.13 ± 0.01 g vs. stretch group, 0.14 ± 0.01 g; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). No significant difference occurred in passive tension between groups; active tension was higher in the stretch group (control group, 2.98 ± 0.53 N/g vs. stretch group, 3.67 ± 0.52 N/g; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). Histological findings showed a significantly higher CSA (control group, 2065.21 ± 93.98 μm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; vs. stretch group, 2571.15 ± 187.12 μm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05) and a significantly lower collagen content in the stretch group (control group, 1.28 ± 0.47% vs. stretch group, 0.53 ± 0.14%; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). Thickening of the perimysium and endomysium was lower in the stretch group. Molecular biological findings showed a significant decrease in the expression levels of fibrosis-related genes, including α-SMA (control group, 1 ± 0.49 vs. stretch group, 0.30 ± 0.16; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05) and collagen type III (c","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"8 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/rco2.70021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145824388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Mouse Model Recapitulating the Clinical Progression of Cancer Cachexia Induced by Renal Carcinoma Cells","authors":"Miaki Uzu,&nbsp;Anzu Aoyama,&nbsp;Takumi Kobayashi,&nbsp;Mayuka Morita,&nbsp;Rumi Murayama,&nbsp;Kenji Hashimoto,&nbsp;Hiroyuki Nakamura","doi":"10.1002/rco2.70018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rco2.70018","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial metabolic syndrome characterized by anorexia and the progressive loss of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, severely impairing quality of life, shortening survival and reducing treatment efficacy in cancer patients. The development of effective therapies has been hampered by the lack of preclinical models that faithfully replicate the clinical features and underlying mechanisms of cachexia. This study aimed to establish a novel murine model of cancer cachexia using subcutaneous implantation of renal carcinoma (RenCa) cells that align with clinical diagnostic criteria.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;On Day 0, 8-week-old male BALB/c mice were anaesthetised and subcutaneously injected with murine RenCa cells or vehicle (control). A subset of mice was subjected to pair-feeding with RenCa-bearing mice, while another subset underwent subdiaphragmatic vagotomy (SDV) 2 weeks before cell implantation. Plasma levels of acyl-ghrelin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) were measured by ELISA. The gastrocnemius muscle was analysed for gene and protein expression related to atrophy and energy metabolism using quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively, and for metabolic alterations using capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry (CE-TOF-MS).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Mice bearing RenCa tumours exhibited progressive cachexia. By Day 30, compared to controls, RenCa-bearing mice had significantly reduced tumour-free body weight (20.3 vs. 26.1 g), daily food intake (1.8 vs. 3.0 g/day), gastrocnemius muscle mass (112.1 vs. 140.7 mg) and epididymal fat mass (18.6 vs. 307.3 mg; all &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.01). Grip strength normalized to body mass remained unchanged even on Day 30. The pair-feeding experiment revealed that anorexia largely contributed to the onset of cachexic-like symptoms. SDV further exacerbated gastrocnemius atrophy (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05), implicating vagal signalling in the pathogenesis of cachexia, other than anorexia. Muscle expression of &lt;i&gt;Trim63&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Fbxo32&lt;/i&gt; peaked on Day 20, showing 5.5- and 4.4-fold increases compared with controls, respectively. The expression of &lt;i&gt;Ctsl&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;4ebp1&lt;/i&gt; increased on Day 7 and remained elevated until Day 20. Metabolomic analyses revealed impaired glutathione and Akt-mediated glucose metabolism. Plasma acyl-ghrelin levels were elevated in RenCa-bearing mice (38.5–49.1 pg/mL) compared to controls (33.3–37.9 pg/mL) from Day 14 to Day 30, while IGF-1 levels were significantly reduced on Day 14 (94.6 vs. 220.2 ng/mL; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"8 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/rco2.70018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145739836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}