JCSM rapid communications最新文献

{"title":"Prehabilitation Meets Cancer Cachexia: Current Challenges and Opportunities","authors":"Nicolò Pecorelli, Fabio Penna","doi":"10.1002/rco2.70019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rco2.70019","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the current issue of <i>JCSM Communications</i>, a systematic review and meta-analysis [<span>1</span>] investigated the impact of resistance exercise training (RET) in prehabilitation protocols implemented in the management of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. The findings suggest that, despite the limited sample size, heterogeneity and risk of bias, exercise improves physical function, supporting the inclusion of RET for prehabilitation in CRC patients scheduled for surgery.</p><p>This work highlights the importance of supportive oncology interventions in the management of cancer patients throughout the whole cancer continuum. The final aim is to be able to significantly impact on patients' quality of life and survival, beyond the outcome of medical and/or surgical cancer treatment.</p><p>According to a recent scoping review [<span>2</span>], prehabilitation is defined as a process from diagnosis to surgery, consisting of one or more preoperative interventions of exercise, nutrition and psychological strategies that aim to enhance functional capacity and physiological reserve to allow patients to withstand surgical stressors, improve postoperative outcomes (e.g., shorter hospital stay, reduced complications) and facilitate recovery. It is remarkable that most of such objectives are shared with anti-cancer cachexia interventions, primarily aiming to counteract body and lean mass wasting and to improve muscle strength, with a potential impact on prehabilitation targets, including postoperative morbidity and recovery.</p><p>Prehabilitation programmes can be very heterogeneous [<span>3</span>] in terms of setting (e.g., home and hospital-based), duration (e.g., 3–4 weeks, months) and components. Most of the interventions typically include (1) a personalized exercise programme combining endurance and resistance training and (2) a nutritional intervention with a balanced macronutrient diet and protein oral nutritional supplements. Both components aim to improve cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition and nutritional status to better tolerate the stress response and disability resulting from surgery and/or other cancer-related treatments.</p><p>It is thus evident that prehabilitation and cachexia research share the focus on sarcopenia, malnutrition, functional capacity and quality of life. Such common interests open an opportunity for merging knowledge and resources, with the potential to cross-fertilize the respective research fields, eventually providing an acceleration in discoveries and new therapy optimization. As an example, with muscle wasting/sarcopenia well characterized during cancer cachexia and current clinical trials ongoing to prevent it, the same drugs may be tested for preventing sarcopenia during cancer patient prehabilitation. Along the same lines, drugs that improve the nutritional status in cachectic individuals, such as ghrelin analogues or GDF-15 blockers, may be efficiently adopted during prehabilitation interventions ","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"8 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/rco2.70019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145695057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral Treatment of Water-Soluble Rutin Protects Against Cast Immobilisation–Induced Cognitive Impairment","authors":"Chihiro Tohda, Mizuho Kaneda, Tsukasa Nagase, Kaori Nomoto","doi":"10.1002/rco2.70016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rco2.70016","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Muscle atrophy is critical to cognitive decline, as evidenced in previous studies which showed that disuse-induced skeletal muscle atrophy in the hind limbs accelerated early cognitive decline in young Alzheimer's model 5XFAD mice and nontransgenic young mice. As physical activity is challenging for individuals with muscle loss due to aging or immobilisation, effective medications are needed to prevent cast immobilisation–induced cognitive decline. Rutin, a candidate medication for preventing muscle loss and cognitive decline, has numerous biological effects but is limited by its low bioavailability owing to water insolubility. EubioQuercetin (ws Rutin), a highly absorbable Rutin formula, offers over 2000-fold improved solubility. This study investigated whether oral water-soluble Rutin (ws Rutin) treatment prevents cast immobilisation–induced memory dysfunction in young mice and explored its underlying mechanism.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Healthy young male ddY mice (10 weeks old) were used. Tissue distribution of Rutin was determined using LC-MS/MS at 0.5, 3, 6 and 16 h after oral administration of ws Rutin or conventional Rutin. Muscle atrophy was induced via bilateral hindlimb immobilisation by placing them in casts for 17 days. Cognitive function was evaluated using an object recognition test. RNA-seq was used to comprehensively analyse mRNA expression in the hippocampus and triceps surae. Expression levels of candidate molecules, affected by immobilisation and ws Rutin treatment, were confirmed using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Cultured hippocampal neurons and myocytes were treated with ws Rutin or Rutin, and parameters such as Klotho expression, axon/dendrite length, neuron numbers, ATP6 expression and myotube length were quantified by immunocytochemistry.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>ws Rutin prevented cast immobilisation–induced memory deficits in young mice (<i>n</i> = 9; training vs. test, <i>p</i> = 0.0167) and increased Klotho in mRNA and protein levels in the brain. By orally administering Rutin, Rutin rapidly reached the blood, brain and skeletal muscles. Direct treatment of cultured hippocampal neurons with ws Rutin or conventional Rutin increased Klotho expression (<i>p</i> < 0.0001), axon length (<i>p</i> < 0.0001), dendrite number (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and neuron number (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). Recombinant Klotho treatment also increased hippocampal neuron numbers (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). In skeletal muscles, ws Rutin treatment enhanced mitochondrial protein MTCO1 expression in vivo (<i>n</i> = 5 mice, <i>p</i> = 0.0224). In myocytes, ","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"8 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/rco2.70016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145618944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automated Segmentation of Forearm Muscles: Clinical Associations With Hand Function, Muscle Volume and Intramuscular Fat","authors":"Joel Fundaun,&nbsp;Valeria Oliva,&nbsp;Sandrine Bédard,&nbsp;Evert Onno Wesselink,&nbsp;Benjamin P. Lynn,&nbsp;Anoosha Pai S.,&nbsp;Dario Pfyffer,&nbsp;Merve Kaptan,&nbsp;Nazrawit Berhe,&nbsp;John Ratliff,&nbsp;Serena S. Hu,&nbsp;Zachary A. Smith,&nbsp;Trevor J. Hastie,&nbsp;Sean Mackey,&nbsp;Marnee J. McKay,&nbsp;James M. Elliott,&nbsp;Scott L. Delp,&nbsp;Akshay S. Chaudhari,&nbsp;Christine S. W. Law,&nbsp;Andrew C. Smith,&nbsp;Kenneth A. Weber II","doi":"10.1002/rco2.70015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rco2.70015","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hand function is critical for daily activities and declines early in many diseases, conditions or disorders affecting the musculoskeletal and neurologic systems. Muscle health markers derived from clinically available magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans are strongly associated with functional capacity, may enhance clinical assessment and inform management options. However, traditional muscle MRI assessments require time-intensive manual segmentations. Here, we aim to develop and test a computer-vision model for automated forearm muscle segmentation and investigate associations between MRI-derived muscle markers and age, sex, BMI, functional grip strength and dexterity measures.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We recruited 42 healthy, right-handed adults (54.8% female, median age 37.3 years, median BMI: 23.0). Grip strength and dexterity were measured using the NIH Toolbox motor battery. Dixon fat-water MRI of the right forearm was acquired at 3.0 T, and forearm flexor and extensor muscle compartments were manually segmented for model training. A 2D U-Net convolutional neural network model was trained and tested for segmentation of the forearm flexors and extensors for the assessment of muscle volume and intramuscular fat. Testing accuracy and reliability were assessed using Sørensen–Dice indices, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and Bland–Altman analyses. Associations between the MRI-derived muscle markers, demographic factors, muscle metrics and hand function were evaluated using partial correlations and regression models.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The segmentation model showed high test accuracy, achieving mean Sørensen–Dice indices of 0.89 (flexors) and 0.85 (extensors) and ICCs of 0.75–0.99 for muscle volume and intramuscular fat. Muscle volume was positively correlated with BMI (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) but not age (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.249). Males had larger muscle volumes than females (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), with no sex differences in intramuscular fat (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.141), and no association between intramuscular fat and grip strength or dexterity (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.350). We observed strong positive correlations between grip strength and both flexor (<i>p</i> = 0.004) and extensor (<i>p</i> = 0.001) muscle volumes, while dexterity showed no significant associations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings highlight the accuracy and reliability of automated forearm muscle segmentation using computer vision. BMI emerged as a key determinant of m","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"8 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/rco2.70015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145317774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sarcopenia Thresholds Derived From Healthy Adult Populations Predict Survival in Patients With Cancer","authors":"Reza Lahiji,&nbsp;Gregory Palmateer,&nbsp;Edouard H. Nicaise,&nbsp;Taylor Goodstein,&nbsp;Dattatraya Patil,&nbsp;Benjamin N. Schmeusser,&nbsp;Eric Midenberg,&nbsp;Samay Patel,&nbsp;Ethan Kearns,&nbsp;Kenneth Ogan,&nbsp;Mehmet Asim Bilen,&nbsp;Viraj Master","doi":"10.1002/rco2.70014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rco2.70014","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sarcopenia, defined as the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, is associated with worse postoperative outcomes and reduced survival in patients undergoing surgery for solid tumours, including renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Although radiographic assessment using the skeletal muscle index (SMI) at the L3 vertebral level has emerged as a method for quantifying sarcopenia, a consensus on optimal sarcopenia thresholds, especially in non-metastatic RCC, remains lacking. This study aims to evaluate which of the existing published SMI thresholds can be utilized to predict overall survival (OS) in a racially diverse non-metastatic (nmRCC) cohort.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We retrospectively reviewed 343 patients with any T-stage nmRCC who underwent nephrectomy between 2007 and 2022 at our institution. SMI (cm²/m²) values were calculated using cross-sectional imaging at the L3 level. Six published sarcopenia thresholds were applied. Associations between threshold-defined sarcopenia and OS were evaluated using Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for confounding variables.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Three hundred forty-three patients met inclusion criteria, 62.7% were White, and 33.2% were Black. Median follow-up time was 41.5 months (IQR 17.8–61.7 months), during which there were 62 (18.1%) mortality events. Median SMI measurements for males and females in our cohort were 51.1 and 42.4 cm/m², respectively. Patients defined as radiographically sarcopenic using thresholds by Derstine et al. (HR 2.11 [95% CI 1.14–3.91], <i>p</i> = 0.018) and Tonnesen et al. (HR 2.11 [95% CI 1.15–4.53], <i>p</i> = 0.028) had independently associated worse OS. Notably, these thresholds were constructed from healthy adult populations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>SMI thresholds derived from healthy cohorts, as proposed by Derstine et al., are associated with OS in patients with nmRCC and may serve as clinically practical tools for identifying high-risk patients. Incorporating radiographic sarcopenia assessment into preoperative workflows may facilitate targeted prehabilitation interventions aimed at improving survival outcomes in this population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"8 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/rco2.70014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145272171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-Cirrhotic Steatotic Liver Disease is Associated With Impaired Muscle Function: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Guillaume Henin,&nbsp;Alexis Goffaux,&nbsp;Salomé Declerck,&nbsp;Stéphanie André-Dumont,&nbsp;Etienne Pendeville,&nbsp;Maxime Valet,&nbsp;Thierry Lejeune,&nbsp;Géraldine Dahlqvist,&nbsp;Audrey Loumaye,&nbsp;Bernd Schnabl,&nbsp;Peter Stärkel,&nbsp;Nicolas Lanthier","doi":"10.1002/rco2.70012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rco2.70012","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Impaired muscle function is frequent in cirrhosis and potentially participates in liver disease progression. Data from non-cirrhotic patients with steatotic liver disease (SLD) are lacking. Our aims were to determine if muscle function was impaired in a non-cirrhotic cohort of patients with SLD and if the SLD subtype and severity were associated with impaired muscle function.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patients with SLD and controls were prospectively recruited. Liver disease was assessed by imaging, vibration-controlled transient elastography and non-invasive tests. Muscle function was assessed by the liver frailty index (LFI) and isokinetic dynamometer. Diet and physical activity habits were recorded using dedicated questionnaires to measure the energetic balance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>One-hundred and fifty patients with non-cirrhotic SLD (75 patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease [MASLD] and 75 patients with alcohol-related liver disease [ALD]) and 30 non-SLD controls were prospectively recruited. The LFI negatively correlated to lower limb muscle strength assessed by isokinetic dynamometer in all participant groups (<i>r</i> = 0.82 in the control group; <i>r</i> = 0.69 in the pooled SLD group—<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001). Both SLD groups showed muscle strength impairment assessed by the LFI compared to age- and gender-matched controls. In multivariate analysis, the presence of SLD was associated with impaired muscle function independently of age, BMI and energetic balance, with a higher risk related to ALD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patients with SLD already show impaired muscle function compared to controls independently of age, gender and energetic balance. Taken together, our data support a potential disruption of the liver–muscle axis already occurring in SLD prior to cirrhosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Trial Registration</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT06514300</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"8 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/rco2.70012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145272121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep Learning to Detect Body Composition and Its Role in Developing Postoperative Pancreatic Surgery Complications","authors":"Ahad M. Azimuddin,&nbsp;Andrea M. Meinders,&nbsp;Jerica Podrat,&nbsp;Kelvin C. Allenson,&nbsp;Joy Yoo,&nbsp;Enshuo Hsu,&nbsp;Linda W. Moore,&nbsp;Kayla Callaway,&nbsp;Nestor F. Esnaola,&nbsp;Elijah Rockers,&nbsp;Atiya F. Dhala","doi":"10.1002/rco2.70013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rco2.70013","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Variance in skeletal muscle area (SMA), visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) negatively impacts outcomes after pancreas surgery. We aim to incorporate an existing deep learning algorithm automating body composition segmentation from computed tomography (CT) for accurate and rapid risk identification.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a retrospective study of patients having pancreatic surgery at a high-volume centre (2016–2021). Using a deep learning algorithm, we analysed preoperative CT images at the L3 level for SMA, VAT, SAT and IMAT (AutoMATiCA, Cambridge, MA, USA). Two board-certified radiologists validated the analysis. Skeletal muscle index (SMI), VAT and VAT/SAT ratio were calculated. We then evaluated the incidence of pancreas surgery-specific, pulmonary, noninfectious and infectious outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We reviewed 158 patients: median (IQR) age 67.6 (61.6, 75.3) years; female (52.5%); pancreatic cancer diagnoses (65.8%); and Whipple procedure (81%). Automated body composition calculation time for all patients was 553 s. Patients experiencing composite sepsis complications had higher VAT (193.7 [IQR 132.7, 249.7] vs. 146.2 [IQR 87.3, 220.5], <i>p</i> = 0.029). Additionally, patients experiencing composite infectious complications had higher VAT (193.7 [IQR 133.4, 277.5] vs. 143.1 [IQR 72.2, 202.8], <i>p</i> = 0.041). VAT was also higher in patients with noninfectious complications (274.9 [IQR 228.0, 329.8] vs. 148.7 [IQR 90.9, 221.0]; <i>p</i> = 0.020). Other anthropomorphic features, such as SMA, SAT and IMAT, did not have any relation to postoperative composite outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Higher visceral adipose tissue was associated with worse outcomes after pancreas surgery. Deep learning applied to CT scans may be valuable for identifying at-risk body compositions associated with adverse surgical outcomes. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"8 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/rco2.70013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145146582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and Functional Effects of Resistance Exercise Prehabilitation in Colorectal Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Joshua J. S. Wall,&nbsp;Luke Matupi,&nbsp;Melanie Paul,&nbsp;Brett Doleman,&nbsp;Jon N. Lund,&nbsp;Bethan E. Phillips","doi":"10.1002/rco2.70010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rco2.70010","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most common cancer in the United Kingdom, accounting for ~11% of new cancer diagnoses. CRC is predominantly a disease of ageing, and its occurrence often coincides with an age-associated decline in physiological performance. The stress of surgery can also leave cancer survivors functionally limited. Exercise-based prehabilitation may ameliorate some of the functional decline seen after surgery for CRC, with resistance exercise training (RET) increasingly recognised as an important driver of physiological adaptation in this context. Although prehabilitation with a RET component in operable CRC has been studied, no systematic review exists. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to delineate the effects of prehabilitation with a RET component in patients with CRC treated with surgery with curative intent, on clinical and functional outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO: CRD42023421372) was performed in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 statement and PERSiST guidelines. Studies on adults with histologically confirmed or clinically suspected colorectal neoplasia scheduled for surgery with curative intent, undergoing short-course (&lt; 12-week) pre-operative RET were sought via searches on CINAHL, CENTRAL, Embase, Medline, PubMed, Clinicaltrials.gov and ICTRP.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p>After eligibility review, risk of bias assessment was undertaken and data extracted. Meta-analysis was undertaken on clinical and functional outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Database searches revealed 5808 reports including 1910 duplicates. Citation searching detected nine reports, and a final 18 were discovered after searching clinical trial databases. After exclusions, eight reports representing 324 (<i>n</i> = 136 female; 42.0%) individuals with CRC were included for systematic review and considered for meta-analysis. All studies were found to carry ‘high’ or ‘critical’ risk of bias. Criteria for meta-analysis was reached for four outcomes: postoperative complications, length-of-stay, 6-min walk test (6MWT) and handgrip strength (HGS). Prehabilitation with a RET component demonstrated statistical and clinically significant increases in 6MWT distance (mean difference [MD]: 34.14 m, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 16 to 52.27 m). There was no significant difference in postoperative complications (odds ratio: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.47 to 1.29), length-of-stay (MD: 3.02 days, 95% CI: −6.26 days to 0.21 days) or HGS (MD: 0.22 kg, 95% CI: −0.83 kg to 1.27 kg).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"8 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/rco2.70010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144935243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns of Frailty in Newly Diagnosed Older Patients With Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation Initiating Oral Anticoagulation","authors":"Ryo Nakamaru,&nbsp;Shiori Nishimura,&nbsp;Hiraku Kumamaru,&nbsp;Hiroyuki Yamamoto,&nbsp;Hiroaki Miyata,&nbsp;Eiji Nakatani,&nbsp;Yoshiki Miyachi,&nbsp;Shun Kohsaka","doi":"10.1002/rco2.70009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rco2.70009","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Frailty is a significant predictor of death in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), with the frailty index (FI) acting as an effective severity classification tool. However, even in patients with a similar FI, the underlying clinical profiles can differ substantially. As the severity classification relies solely on the number of deficits without considering their interaction, distinct clinical subgroups with differing prognoses and care needs may remain unrecognized within the same frailty category. We aimed to identify novel phenotypes based on the deficit patterns in older AF patients.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Using data from a comprehensive claims database in Shizuoka (2012–2018), we extracted patients aged ≥ 65 years with AF and frailty who initiated oral anticoagulants. Latent class analysis (LCA) was conducted for each frailty status using 34 variables incorporated in the electronic FI (eFI), which is determined through a coding-based algorithm. We performed multivariable Cox proportional hazards to evaluate the associations between the latent classes and all-cause death within each frailty status.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Among 11 533 patients (mean age: 79.3 ± 8.03 years; women: &lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt; = 5359 [46.5%]) categorized as mildly (eFI &gt; 0.12–0.24; &lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt; = 3967), moderately (&gt; 0.24–0.36; &lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt; = 4385) and severely frail (&gt; 0.36–0.60; &lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt; = 3181), LCA identified three to four classes within each category: mildly frail, Class 1: high prevalence of hypotension (&lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt; = 326), Class 2: high prevalence of heart failure (&lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt; = 1404), Class 3: high prevalence of polypharmacy (&lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt; = 2237); moderately frail, Class 1: high prevalence of hypotension (&lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt; = 966), Class 2: high prevalence of heart failure (&lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt; = 1521), Class 3: high prevalence of polypharmacy (&lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt; = 1598), Class 4: high prevalence of mobility problems (&lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt; = 300); and severely frail, Class 1: high prevalence of hypotension (&lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt; = 1378), Class 2: high prevalence of heart failure (&lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt; = 1198), Class 3: high prevalence of mobility problems (&lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt; = 605). After multivariable adjustment, the other classes exhibited lower mortality risks than in the class characterized by high prevalence of mobility problems in the moderately (HR [95% CI]; Class 1: 0.59 [0.45–0.79], &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001; Class 2: 0.71 [0.55–0.93], &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.013; Class 3: 0.68 [0.52–0.88], &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.003) and severely frail (Class 1: 0.89 [0.74–1.07], &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.22; Class 2: 0.77 [0.63–0.94], &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.010), whereas there was no difference among the classes in the mildly frail","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"8 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/rco2.70009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144905413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Long-Term Conditions and Multimorbidity With Frailty and Sarcopenia: Evidence From the UK Biobank","authors":"Marion Guerrero-Wyss,&nbsp;Carla Villagran,&nbsp;Sofía Gálvez-Tejeda,&nbsp;Ana Hernández-Peregrina,&nbsp;Stuart Johnston,&nbsp;Bhautesh D. Jani,&nbsp;Frederick K. Ho,&nbsp;Stuart R. Gray,&nbsp;Carlos A. Celis-Morales","doi":"10.1002/rco2.70008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rco2.70008","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Frailty and sarcopenia are common conditions among older adults and may also be highly prevalent among adults with long-term conditions (LTCs). This study investigates associations between individual LTCs and multimorbidity with the prevalence of frailty and sarcopenia in a large community-based adult cohort.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;A cross-sectional analysis of 155 639 UK Biobank participants examined the 25 most common self-reported LTCs. Frailty was defined using the Fried criteria, and sarcopenia by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2) criteria. Poisson regression was used to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) for frailty and sarcopenia by individual LTCs and multimorbidity, adjusting for age, Townsend deprivation index, alcohol intake, smoking, ethnicity, physical activity and sedentarism. Participants without LTCs were the reference group.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Frailty (4.54% vs. 2.63%) and sarcopenia (2.27% vs. 1.28%) were higher in women. Compared to individuals without LTCs, the top three LTCs most strongly associated with frailty in men were rheumatoid arthritis (PR: 8.16, 95% CI: 3.95–16.9), Type 2 diabetes (PR: 5.37, 95% CI: 4.46–6.46) and stroke (PR: 4.23, 95% CI: 2.85–6.28). In women, the strongest associations were observed for type 2 diabetes (PR: 4.16, 95% CI: 3.39–5.11), rheumatoid arthritis (PR: 3.59, 95% CI: 2.37–5.45) and osteoarthritis (PR: 2.94, 95% CI: 2.57–3.36). For sarcopenia, the strongest associations in men were for rheumatoid arthritis (PR: 18.5, 95% CI: 12.6–27.1), osteoporosis (PR: 6.97, 95% CI: 3.44–14.1) and stroke (PR: 5.29, 95% CI: 3.69–7.59). In women, the strongest associations were observed for rheumatoid arthritis (PR: 15.2, 95% CI: 12.6–18.3), osteoporosis (PR: 7.47, 95% CI: 6.46–8.60) and osteoarthritis (PR: 2.87, 95% CI: 2.44–3.37). There was a positive gradient between the number of LTCs and the risk of frailty and sarcopenia, with higher risks observed in men than in women (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;-interaction &lt; 0.0001). Compared to individuals without LTCs, those with five or more LTCs had 10.1 and 7.51 times higher prevalence of frailty and 27.2 and 13.8 times higher prevalence of sarcopenia in men and women, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;These findings highlight the significant association between LTCs, particularly stroke, rheumatoid arthritis, Type 2 diabetes and osteoporosis, with frailty and sarcopenia prevalence. The observed trend of increased risk with higher L","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"8 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/rco2.70008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144681101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Fibre Intake and Serum Acetate With Measures of Sarcopenia in Postmenopausal Women: The OSTPRE-FPS Study","authors":"Konstantinos Prokopidis,&nbsp;Heli Koivumaa-Honkanen,&nbsp;Parisa Jan Mohammad,&nbsp;Reijo Sund,&nbsp;Heikki Kröger,&nbsp;Toni Rikkonen,&nbsp;Arja T. Lyytinen,&nbsp;Masoud Isanejad","doi":"10.1002/rco2.70007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rco2.70007","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sarcopenia leads to a decrease in muscle mass, strength and physical performance. Dietary fibre and its exogenous biomarker acetate may be linked to measures of sarcopenia. Thus, we explored the relationships of dietary (soluble/insoluble) fibre and serum acetate with skeletal muscle health and body composition in women aged &gt; 65 years.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this cross-sectional Osteoporosis Risk Factor and Prevention-Fracture Prevention Study (OSTPRE-FPS) study, we analysed with linear regression the associations of dietary fibre and serum acetate (measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) with measures of sarcopenia such as body mass index (BMI), total lean mass, fat mass, appendicular skeletal muscle index, gait speed, grip strength, chair stand test, leg extension strength and grip strength-to-BMI ratio.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In model 3, adjusted for energy and protein intake, age, hormonal therapy, type 2 diabetes, physical activity and smoking, a negative association between dietary soluble fibre and BMI (β = −0.113, <i>p</i> = 0.04) and a positive association between serum acetate concentrations and grip strength-to-BMI ratio (β = 0.093, <i>p</i> = 0.04) were detected. Dietary fibre and serum acetate as a combined independent variable were linked with both BMI (β = −0.101, <i>p</i> = 0.04) and grip strength-to-BMI ratio (β = 0.136, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). BMI was more strongly influenced by soluble fibre (β = −0.107, <i>p</i> = 0.03), whereas grip strength-to-BMI ratio predominantly by insoluble fibre (β = 0.138, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Future longitudinal studies are warranted to explore links between dietary fibre intake and serum or muscle acetate with muscle health in older adults.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"8 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/rco2.70007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144472917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}