JAR life最新文献

{"title":"Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults via Multimodal Markers on Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Literature Review.","authors":"M Montoya-Martinez,&nbsp;C Arbus,&nbsp;K Virecoulon Giudici","doi":"10.14283/jarlife.2023.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14283/jarlife.2023.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Depressive symptoms the most prevalent clinical condition in the field of mood disorders in older populations. Depressive symptoms are associated to poorer morbidity and mortality, and is considered a component of frailty and intrinsic capacity. Dementia could overlap with DS in clinical and brain abnormalities. Moreover, there are sex-differences in the field of Neuro- and Gero-science. To date, no review has addressed the neuro-anatomical basis of DS in older adults using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), neither has investigated the discrimination of dementia nor sex-differences. This narrative review investigated studies about older adults; depressive symptoms evaluation via MRI, and published in English or Spanish over the past 7 years. Moreover, it evaluated dementia discrimination and sex-related differences. The most accurate evidence showed cerebral small vessel disease as a predictor of depressive symptoms worsening. Most studies were cross-sectional, with a coarse dementia screening and sex-unrepresentative samples. Cingulate cortex and hippocampus showed a negative association to depressive symptoms, and Precuneus cortex a positive association; although these inferences require further investigation. Additional research is needed to identify the brain imaging signature of depressive symptoms in older population (if any), and if this would be associated with sex and individuals'level of frailty and intrinsic capacity.</p>","PeriodicalId":73537,"journal":{"name":"JAR life","volume":"12 ","pages":"4-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10182385/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9857414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Journal of Aging, Research & Lifestyle.","authors":"Ara S Khachaturian","doi":"10.14283/jarlife.2023.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14283/jarlife.2023.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73537,"journal":{"name":"JAR life","volume":"12 ","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10086310/pdf/jarlife-12-001.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9294482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beta 1,3-1,6 Glucans Produced by Two Novel Strains of Aureobasidium Pullulans Exert Immune and Metabolic Beneficial Effects in Healthy Middle-aged Japanese Men: Results of an Exploratory Randomized Control Study.","authors":"N Ikewaki,&nbsp;T Sonoda,&nbsp;G Kurosawa,&nbsp;M Iwasaki,&nbsp;V Devaprasad Dedeepiya,&nbsp;R Senthilkumar,&nbsp;S Preethy,&nbsp;S J K Abraham","doi":"10.14283/jarlife.2023.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14283/jarlife.2023.11","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>In this pilot study, we have evaluated the specific metabolic and immune-related benefits of the AFO-202 strain and N-163 strain of black yeast Aureobasidium pullulans-produced beta 1,3-1,6 glucan in healthy human subjects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixteen healthy Japanese male volunteers (aged 40 to 60 years) took part in this clinical trial. They were divided into four groups (n = 4 each): Group I consumed AFO-202 beta-glucan (2 sachets of 1 g each per day), IA for 35 days and IB for 21 days; Group II consumed a combination of AFO-202 beta-glucan (2 sachets of 1 g each) and N-163 beta-glucan (1 sachet of 15 g gel each per day), IIA for 35 days and IIB for 21 days.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Decrease in HbA1C and glycated albumin (GA), significant increase of eosinophils and monocytes and marginal decrease in D-dimer levels, decrease in neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), with an increase in the lymphocyte-to-CRP ratio (LCR) and leukocyte-to-CRP ratio (LeCR) was observed in Group I between pre- and post-treatment. Decrease in total and LDL cholesterol, a decrease of CD11b, serum ferritin, galectin-3 and fibrinogen were profound in Group II between pre- and post-treatment. However, there was no statistically significant difference between day 21 and day 35 among the groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This outcome warrants larger clinical trials to explore the potentials of these safe food supplements in the prevention and prophylaxis of diseases due to dysregulated metabolism, such as fatty liver disease, and infections such as COVID-19 in which balanced immunomodulation are of utmost importance, besides their administration as an adjunct to existing therapeutic approaches of both communicable and non-communicable diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":73537,"journal":{"name":"JAR life","volume":"12 ","pages":"61-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10457473/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10110068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Clinical Decision Intelligence Applications to Improve Pathways For Earlier Detection Of Underrecognized Cognitive Disorders.","authors":"A S Khachaturian,&nbsp;B Cassin,&nbsp;G R Finney","doi":"10.14283/jarlife.2023.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14283/jarlife.2023.3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cost estimates for care for those with dementia and other cognitive impairments are rising globally, estimated to reach US $1 trillion by 2025. Lack of specialized personnel, infrastructure, diagnostic capabilities, and healthcare access impedes the timely identification of patients progressing to dementia, particularly in underserved populations. International healthcare infrastructure may be unable to handle existing cases in addition to a sudden increase due to undiagnosed cognitive impairment and dementia. Healthcare bioinformatics offers a potential route for quicker access to healthcare services; however, a better preparedness plan must be implemented now if expected demands are to be met. The most critical consideration for implementing artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML) -driven clinical decision intelligence applications (CDIA) is ensuring patients and practitioners take action on the information provided.</p>","PeriodicalId":73537,"journal":{"name":"JAR life","volume":"12 ","pages":"14-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10206751/pdf/jarlife-12-014.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9531326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Screening Tool Using Non-linguistic Voice Features Derived from Simple Phrases to Detect Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia.","authors":"D Mizuguchi,&nbsp;T Yamamoto,&nbsp;Y Omiya,&nbsp;K Endo,&nbsp;K Tano,&nbsp;M Oya,&nbsp;S Takano","doi":"10.14283/jarlife.2023.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14283/jarlife.2023.12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Appropriate intervention and care in detecting cognitive impairment early are essential to effectively prevent the progression of cognitive deterioration. Diagnostic voice analysis is a noninvasive and inexpensive screening method that could be useful for detecting cognitive deterioration at earlier stages such as mild cognitive impairment. We aimed to distinguish between patients with dementia or mild cognitive impairment and healthy controls by using purely acoustic features (i.e., nonlinguistic features) extracted from two simple phrases. Voice was analyzed on 195 recordings from 150 patients (age, 45-95 years). We applied a machine learning algorithm (LightGBM; Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA) to test whether the healthy control, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia groups could be accurately classified, based on acoustic features. Our algorithm performed well: area under the curve was 0.81 and accuracy, 66.7% for the 3-class classification. Thus, our vocal biomarker is useful for automated assistance in diagnosing early cognitive deterioration.</p>","PeriodicalId":73537,"journal":{"name":"JAR life","volume":"12 ","pages":"72-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10450207/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10100811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined Exercise and Education Program: Effect of Smaller Group Size and Longer Duration on Physical Function and Social Engagement among Community-Dwelling Older Adults.","authors":"S Yamamoto,&nbsp;D Ishii,&nbsp;K Ishibashi,&nbsp;Y Okamoto,&nbsp;K Kawamura,&nbsp;Y Takasaki,&nbsp;M Tagami,&nbsp;K Tanamachi,&nbsp;Y Kohno","doi":"10.14283/jarlife.2023.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14283/jarlife.2023.10","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Exercise, education, and social engagement are critical interventions for older adults for a healthy life expectancy and to improve their physical function.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To conduct a combined exercise and education (CEE) program for improved social engagement and physical function of older adults.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Based on a short-term program we conducted in our previous study, in this study, the program was conducted for half the number of participants of the earlier study but for a longer duration.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>A community of older adults in Ami, Japan, was the setting of the study.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>23 healthy older adults >65 years living in the community were the participants in the study.</p><p><strong>Interventions: </strong>Five 80-minute sessions conducted once in two weeks comprised 60-min exercise instruction and 20-min educational lectures per session on health. We examined the improvement in physical and social engagement before and after participation. Physical function and health-related questionnaire data were collected before and after the program.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data analysis from 15 participants showed improved physical performance but no effect on social engagement.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A higher program frequency, rather than program duration, may be vital to improving exercise performance and social engagement and maximizing the effects of high group cohesion in small groups. Further studies are needed to develop more effective interventions to extend healthy life expectancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":73537,"journal":{"name":"JAR life","volume":"12 ","pages":"56-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10374984/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9909220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How to Implement Integrated Care for Older Persons-ICOPE-Massively in Clinical Practice for a Healthy Longevity.","authors":"B Vellas","doi":"10.14283/jarlife.2023.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14283/jarlife.2023.4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73537,"journal":{"name":"JAR life","volume":"12 ","pages":"18-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10236447/pdf/jarlife-12-004.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9933950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical Activity, Exercise, and Sedentary Time: Insights for Future Research in the Field of Geroscience.","authors":"P de Souto Barreto","doi":"10.14283/jarlife.2023.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14283/jarlife.2023.5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73537,"journal":{"name":"JAR life","volume":"12 ","pages":"20-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10258545/pdf/jarlife-12-020.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9631789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of a 1-Year Nutritional Blend Supplementation on Plasma p-tau181 and GFAP Levels among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Secondary Analysis of the Nolan Trial.","authors":"K V Giudici,&nbsp;P de Souto Barreto,&nbsp;S Guyonnet,&nbsp;C Cantet,&nbsp;H Zetterberg,&nbsp;C Boschat,&nbsp;J Hudry,&nbsp;S Andrieu,&nbsp;J A J Schmitt,&nbsp;B Vellas,&nbsp;K Blennow","doi":"10.14283/jarlife.2023.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14283/jarlife.2023.7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Observational studies and some randomized controlled trials have suggested that nutritional supplementation could be a possible intervention pathway to prevent cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease (AD). As measuring amyloid-β and tau pathophysiology by positron emission tomography (PET) or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analyses may be perceived as complex, plasma versions of such biomarkers have emerged as more accessible alternatives with comparable capacity of predicting cognitive impairment.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a 1-year intervention with a nutritional blend on plasma p-tau181 and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) levels in community-dwelling older adults. Effects were further assessed in exploratory analyses within sub-cohorts stratified according to p-tau status (with the third tertile considered as high: ≥15.1 pg/ mL) and to apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele status.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 289 participants ≥70 years (56.4% female, mean age 78.1 years, SD=4.7) of the randomized, double-blind, multicenter, placebo-controlled Nolan trial had their plasma p-tau181 assessed, and daily took either a nutritional blend (composed of thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, biotin, folic acid, cobalamin, vitamin E, vitamin C, vitamin D, choline, selenium, citrulline, eicosapentaenoic acid - EPA, and docosahexaenoic acid - DHA) or placebo for 1 year.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After 1-year, both groups presented a significant increase in plasma p-tau181 and GFAP values, with no effect of the intervention (p-tau181 between-group difference: 0.27pg/mL, 95%CI: -0.95, 1.48; p=0.665; GFAP between-group difference: -3.28 pg/mL, 95%CI: -17.25, 10.69; p=0.644). P-tau-and APOE ε4-stratified analyses provided similar findings.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In community-dwelling older adults, we observed an increase in plasma p-tau181 and GFAP levels that was not different between the supplementation groups after one year.</p>","PeriodicalId":73537,"journal":{"name":"JAR life","volume":"12 ","pages":"25-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10282594/pdf/jarlife-12-025.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10089680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Ratings of White Matter Hyperintensities, Hippocampal Ratings, and Neuropsychological Functioning from The Cache County Memory Study.","authors":"T J Farrer, E D Bigler, Y H W Tsui-Caldwell, T J Abildskov, J A T Tschanz, M C Norton, K A Welsh-Bohmer","doi":"10.14283/jarlife.2022.2","DOIUrl":"10.14283/jarlife.2022.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>White matter burden and medial temporal atrophy are associated with cognitive health. A large epidemiological database, such as the Cache County Memory Study (CCMS), can provide additional insight into how visual clinical ratings of brain structural integrity predict cognition in older adults.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We used the Scheltens Ratings Scale to quantify white matter lesion burden and medial temporal atrophy in the CCMS sample to determine if these qualitative markers are predictive of memory function. We performed clinical ratings of MRI scans across two ascertainment periods among 187 community-dwelling older adults and correlated these ratings with MMSE, CERAD memory performance, and general cognitive ability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher Scheltens ratings measuring white matter and basal ganglia hyperintensities were associated with lower memory performance (r = 0.21). The strongest correlations were observed between medial temporal atrophy and general cognition performance (r = 0.32).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The current findings support previous research that the integrity of different regions of the brain correlate to function in a meaningful way.</p>","PeriodicalId":73537,"journal":{"name":"JAR life","volume":"11 ","pages":"9-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10002895/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9491474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}