JAR life最新文献

{"title":"How many sites are enough? a novel, site-based power analysis method for real-world registry studies of anti-amyloid monoclonal antibodies.","authors":"Kenichiro Sato, Yoshiki Niimi, Ryoko Ihara, Atsushi Iwata, Takeshi Iwatsubo","doi":"10.1016/j.jarlif.2025.100020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jarlif.2025.100020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Real-world registries ALZ-NET (US) and AD-DMT (Japan) support safety surveillance of anti-amyloid antibodies. Conventional power calculations-dividing required patients by mean per-site caseload-can underestimate the number of centers needed because of patient counts variability.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To develop and evaluate a simulation-based method for site-level sample size planning that incorporates inter-site variability.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>We developed a simulation using a zero-truncated negative binomial model to reflect caseload heterogeneity. We estimated the required sites (k) to achieve a target precision (95 % confidence interval [CI] width) for ARIA incidence under random and volume-weighted sampling, based on data from published trials. The required number of sites was determined as the point where the CI width met a prespecified precision target (< 0.1).</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Simulated ALZ-NET and AD-DMT registry settings using prevalence and ARIA frequencies from published lecanemab and donanemab trials.</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>Precision (95 % CI width) for estimating ARIA incidence in <i>APOE</i>-ε4 homozygotes; comparison of required site counts as estimated by the three methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Under random sampling, our method's site requirement (∼320 sites) was consistent with the ICC-adjusted method, whereas the conventional method underestimated the need (∼220 sites). Critically, our framework showed that strategic volume-weighted sampling could reduce the requirement to as few as 110 sites, surpassing the efficiency of the static analytical methods.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Conventional methods risk underestimating site requirements by ignoring caseload heterogeneity. Our simulation framework provides more realistic estimates and, crucially, quantifies the substantial efficiency gains from strategic recruitment, serving as a flexible tool to optimize registry design.</p>","PeriodicalId":73537,"journal":{"name":"JAR life","volume":"14 ","pages":"100020"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12304769/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144746337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical activity for health across the lifespan: A call to action.","authors":"Brianna Leadbetter, Danielle R Bouchard","doi":"10.1016/j.jarlif.2025.100019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarlif.2025.100019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73537,"journal":{"name":"JAR life","volume":"14 ","pages":"100019"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12274859/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144676749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between symptoms of depression and falls in older adults: A case-control study.","authors":"Manizheh Moshtaghi, Sadegh Kargarian-Marvasti, Pouya Farokhnezhad Afshar, Seyedeh Melika Kharghani Moghaddam, Fatemeh Bahramnezhad","doi":"10.1016/j.jarlif.2025.100018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarlif.2025.100018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fall is one of the most common and severe syndromes of older adults that causes disability. Depression is one of the disorders that can lead to many problems, but the results have been contradictory.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to determine the relationship between symptoms of depression and falls in older adults.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>This observational study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>We collected the data from the health records of older adults in comprehensive health service centers.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>We selected two groups of older adults (60 years and above) as the case group (400 older adults with a history of falling) and the control group (400 older adults without a history of falling).</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>The history of falling was based on the report of old people during a month ago. Symptoms of Depression has been assessed using the Goldberg General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>62.5 % of the sample were old women. The elderly males were 74.6 ± 0.47 years, and the elderly women were 72.9 ± 0.34 years. There was no significant relationship between symptoms of depression and falls in older adults (OR = 1.321, <i>P</i> = 0.203). Age (over 75 years) (OR = 4.391, <i>P</i> < 0.001) and living alone (OR = 2.924, <i>P</i> < 0.001), and high school education (OR = 3.947, <i>P</i> = 0.008) are risk factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The symptoms of depression are not related to falls in older adults. However, being above 75 years old and living alone increases the risk of falls, and higher education reduces the risk of falls.</p>","PeriodicalId":73537,"journal":{"name":"JAR life","volume":"14 ","pages":"100018"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12274764/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144676750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multidomain interventions for preventing cognitive decline in older adults with type 2 diabetes and mild cognitive impairment: Secondary analysis of the J-MINT: Multidomain intervention in type 2 diabetes.","authors":"Taiki Sugimoto, Paul K Crane, Seo-Eun Choi, Kosuke Fujita, Jeanne Gallée, Yujiro Kuroda, Michael Lee, Nanae Matsumoto, Akinori Nakamura, Hisashi Noma, Takuya Omura, Ayaka Onoyama, Phoebe Scollard, Kazuaki Uchida, Yoko Yokoyama, Hidenori Arai, Takashi Sakurai","doi":"10.1016/j.jarlif.2025.100016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarlif.2025.100016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To identify subgroups who may be more likely to respond well to a multidomain intervention among older adults with type 2 diabetes.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This study was a secondary analysis of the Japan Multimodal Intervention Trial for Prevention of Dementia. A total 531 participants aged 65-85 years with mild cognitive impairment were randomized into intervention (vascular risk management, exercise, nutritional counseling, and cognitive training) and control (health-related information) groups. The outcome was the change in average Z scores of neuropsychological tests from baseline to 18 months. Interactions between intervention and age (65-74, 75-85 years), memory impairment (amnestic, nonamnestic), HbA1c levels (within, outside target range), or <i>APOE</i> genotype (0, ≥1 <i>APOE</i> ε4 alleles) among participants with diabetes were evaluated using the mixed-effects model for repeated measures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 76 participants with diabetes, a significant age × intervention interaction (<i>P</i> = 0.007) was found, which was driven by benefits in the younger age group (Z score difference: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.09 to 0.55) that were not observed in the older age group. Intervention benefits were also detected in those with HbA1c levels outside the target range (Z score difference: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.06 to 0.56), with HbA1c levels × intervention interaction (<i>P</i> = 0.021). No significant interactions were detected between intervention and memory impairment or <i>APOE</i> genotype.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Multidomain interventions may benefit younger older adults or those with overly strict or lenient HbA1c control; however, these findings need confirmation in future studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":73537,"journal":{"name":"JAR life","volume":"14 ","pages":"100016"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12181009/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144369622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stand if you can- A parallel, superiority cluster randomized controlled trial to improve gait speed for long term care residents.","authors":"Kendra Cooling, Danielle R Bouchard, Molly Gallibois, Jeffrey Hebert, Martin Sénéchal, Pamela Jarrett, Chris McGibbon, Emily Richard, Grant Handrigan","doi":"10.1016/j.jarlif.2025.100015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarlif.2025.100015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the effects of a standing intervention on gait speed for older adults living in long term care (LTC) residences.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A parallel superiority cluster randomized controlled trial.</p><p><strong>Setting and participants: </strong>LTC residences. A total of 95 LTC residents (n = 47 control; n = 48 intervention) participated in the study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>LTC residences and therefore the residents from the homes were randomized to either the intervention group (standing up to 100 minutes/week) for 22 weeks or the control group (socializing with staff with no encouragement to stand for up to 100 minutes/week) for 22 weeks. The primary outcome is gait speed measured by the 10-meter walking speed test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 95 participants (n= 47 in the control group and n=48 in the intervention group) age 86 ± 8 years completed the trial, averaging 41.9 ± 30.3 min of standing per week in the intervention group and 48.4 ± 22.8 min of time matched activity in the control group. There was no significant difference between groups in changes in gait speed (β=-0.034, 95 % C.I. (-0.097 0.028)).</p><p><strong>Conclusions and implications: </strong>This 22-week standing intervention did not improve gait speed in older adults living in LTC residences.Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov - NCT03796039.</p>","PeriodicalId":73537,"journal":{"name":"JAR life","volume":"14 ","pages":"100015"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12136834/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144227872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building a brain watch: Crafting Accurate and High-Precision Personalized Plans for Optimal Brain Performance and Sustained Functionality.","authors":"Ara S Khachaturian","doi":"10.1016/j.jarlif.2025.100013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jarlif.2025.100013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73537,"journal":{"name":"JAR life","volume":"14 ","pages":"100013"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12036018/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144055337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of psychological stress and subjective cognitive decline.","authors":"Manju Ramakrishnan, Nikhila Gandrakota, Yash Kamdar, Ambar Kulshreshtha","doi":"10.1016/j.jarlif.2025.100012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jarlif.2025.100012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Psychological stress is associated with several long-term consequences, including cognitive decline. Our study examined the relationship between psychological stress levels and subjective cognitive decline (SCD) using cross-sectional data from CDC's Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS 2020-2022) for participants aged 45 years and older. Among 881,479 participants, 7.5 % were African American, and 10.7 % reported high psychological stress, with 29 % experiencing SCD. High psychological stress had a 3-fold risk of SCD compared to low psychological stress (OR: 3.3; 95 % CI: 2.8, 4.0). A significant interaction between psychological stress and BMI was found in their association with SCD (p = 0.013). Individuals with high psychological stress and a BMI ≥ 25 had 4.3 times higher SCD risk (OR: 4.3; 95 % CI: 3.9, 4.7) compared to those with low psychological stress and a BMI < 25 (OR: 0.23, 95 % CI: 0.2, 0.3). These results highlight the importance of addressing stress to prevent cognitive decline.</p>","PeriodicalId":73537,"journal":{"name":"JAR life","volume":"14 ","pages":"100012"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12017927/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144058729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Living longer and lifestyle: A report on the oldest of the old in the Adventist Health Study-2.","authors":"Hildemar Dos Santos, Alaa Alabadi-Bierman, Michael Paalani, Sen Luu Padilla, Abel Alvarez, W Lawrence Beeson, Gary E Fraser","doi":"10.1016/j.jarlif.2025.100010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jarlif.2025.100010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This investigation aimed to evaluate and describe the health profile and dietary patterns of the oldest Adventists (individuals aged 80 years and older).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional investigation.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Self-administered lifestyle questionnaire in Adventist congregations in North America.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>7192 individuals aged 80 years of age or older enrolled in the Adventist Health Study-2.</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>Dietary intakes for participants were evaluated using a self-administered quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Selected health outcomes data were assessed with the baseline self-administered medical history questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our cohort of the old adults Adventists had a predominant female participation (62 %), and the percentage of vegetarians was 52.7 %. Based on classification into respective dietary patterns, 7.8 % of the study population were vegan, 29.2 % of the participants were lacto-ovo vegetarians, 10.2 % were pesco-vegetarians, 5.5 % were semi-vegetarians, and 47.3 % were non-vegetarians. Regarding the assessment of prevalent conditions, non-vegetarians were more likely to report having hypertension than other dietary patterns. Semi-vegetarians and non-vegetarians were more likely to report high cholesterol. A large number of participants reported never smoking (78.5 %) and never drinking alcoholic beverages (57.8 %), and non-vegetarians reported the poorest health perception (20 %) compared to vegans (11.4 %).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our Adventist Health oldest of the old cohort shared many of the characteristics observed among the individuals that make up the long-living cohorts worldwide as well as younger aged Adventist participants. This observation indicates the importance of non-smoking, abstinence from alcohol consumption, daily engagement in regular physical activity, avoidance of disease in older ages, and following a plant-based diet concerning the potential for successful aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":73537,"journal":{"name":"JAR life","volume":"14 ","pages":"100010"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12013655/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144022560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mediating role of the body mass index in the prospective association between a healthy diet and evolution of asthma symptoms in elderly women.","authors":"Wassila Ait-Hadad, Annabelle Bédard, Laurent Orsi, Sébastien Chanoine, Orianne Dumas, Nasser Laouali, Nicole Le Moual, Bénédicte Leynaert, Valérie Siroux, Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, Raphaëlle Varraso","doi":"10.1016/j.jarlif.2025.100011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jarlif.2025.100011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Diet and obesity exhibit complex interrelationships with asthma, particularly among elderly women. We aimed to clarify the impact of healthy diet assessed by the Alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010) on: 1) the incidence of asthma symptoms, and 2) among women with symptoms in 2011, the change in asthma symptoms, while accounting for the potential mediating role of BMI.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A nested case-control study on asthma with follow-up data.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Within the French E3N cohort.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>8621 elderly women (62 years on average in 1993).</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>Dietary data were collected in 1993 and 2005 using semi-quantitative questionnaires. Using the validated asthma symptom score assessed in 2011 and 2018, asthma symptom incidence among women with no asthma symptom in 2011 (<i>n</i> = 5700) and change in asthma symptoms (reduced, stable, increased) among those with asthma symptoms in 2011 (<i>n</i> = 2921) were defined. BMI was calculated in 2008. Marginal structural models were used to estimate total, direct and indirect effects mediated by BMI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After adjustment for potential confounders, we found a significant indirect effect of healthier diet on lower risk of asthma symptoms incidence mediated by lower BMI (OR for AHEI-2010 quintile 5 vs quintile 1 = 0.95 (0.92-0.97)), without significant total (OR=0.87 (0.66-1.10)) nor direct (OR=0.92 (0.71-1.15)) effects. Among women with asthma symptoms, we also found a significant indirect effect of healthier diet on reduced asthma symptoms mediated by lower BMI (OR for AHEI-2010 >median <i>vs</i> ≤median=1.02 (1.00-1.03)) without significant total (OR=1.12 (0.94-1.34)) nor direct effects (OR=1.10 (0.93-1.31)).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A healthy diet was associated with reduced risk of asthma symptoms over time, partly through a lower BMI.</p>","PeriodicalId":73537,"journal":{"name":"JAR life","volume":"14 ","pages":"100011"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12008553/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144054233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Centenarian physical functioning evolution and COVID-19 impact: A study in Japan.","authors":"Xinyu Zhang, Jean-Marie Robine, Yasuyuki Gondo","doi":"10.1016/j.jarlif.2025.100009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarlif.2025.100009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Studies show that centenarians' physical function and activities of daily living (ADL) levels improved recently. However, it is unclear whether this positive impact has been altered due to COVID-19, causing reduced ADL. This study had two objectives: 1) to investigate whether the physical function of Japanese centenarians has improved over time, and 2) to examine the impact of COVID-19 on centenarians.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The data were collected from research conducted in Kyotango City from 2014 to the present. Kyotango City Hall collected data, including the functional status of all centenarians who reached 100 years of age every year. In this study, we divided nine-year cohort into three periods: 2014-2016 (P1), 2017-2019 (P2), and 2020-2022 (P3). The participation rates were 89 % (<i>n</i> = 100), 78 % (<i>n</i> = 90), and 74 % (<i>n</i> = 114), respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The centenarians' ADL declined as the cohort aged. For basic activities of daily living (BADL), independent participants and female centenarians exhibited a proportional increase from P1 to P2 and a proportional decrease from P2 to P3, whereas male centenarians did not experience this trend. Concerning mobility, only the proportion of bedridden centenarians decreased over the three periods. Statistically significant differences in the trends of female centenarians with robust mobility and those with weak mobility were obtained in the three periods.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The proportion of independent female centenarians declined with cohort aged in both BADL and Mobility. The opposite is true for male centenarians. This phenomenon was not affected by COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":73537,"journal":{"name":"JAR life","volume":"14 ","pages":"100009"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11951022/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143756271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}