JAR life最新文献

{"title":"Pre-surgical memory impairment is associated with risk of postoperative cognitive dysfunction in a large geriatric cohort.","authors":"Kiri T Granger, Claudia Spies, Sheryl Caswell, Daniel Hadzidiakos, Saya Speidel, Arjen Jc Slooter, Ilse Kant, Sophie K Piper, Simone Jt van Montfort, Jennifer H Barnett, Paula M Moran, Friedrich Borchers","doi":"10.1016/j.jarlif.2025.100002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarlif.2025.100002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Some patients undergoing surgical procedures display long-term post-surgery cognitive impairment (post-operative cognitive dysfunction; POCD), which may precipitate progression to dementia. We investigated whether preoperative cognitive impairment defined using specific cognitive tests (Paired-Associates Learning and Spatial-Span from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery, (CANTAB) was associated with increased risk of POCD. N = 590 patients >65years and a matched control group n=114 comprised the final sample. Patients were classified as impaired if a composite memory-score derived from two tests from the CANTAB test battery (spatial working memory and paired-associate learning) scored 1 SD below norms derived from a normative database. Risk of developing POCD 3 months post-surgery was higher [odds ratio 2.048 (95% CI 1.027 - 4.087)] for those with pre-surgical cognitive impairment compared to those with no impairment. This suggests that impairment on hippocampus-based tasks spatial-span memory and paired-associates learning is associated with increased risk for POCD in older surgical patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":73537,"journal":{"name":"JAR life","volume":"14 ","pages":"100002"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11863874/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143568888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adherence and aerobic exercise intensity in live online exercise sessions for older adults with mild cognitive impairment: Insights from the Japan-Multimodal Intervention Trial for the Prevention of Dementia.","authors":"Taiki Sugimoto, Kazuaki Uchida, Yoko Yokoyama, Ayaka Onoyama, Kosuke Fujita, Yujiro Kuroda, Keigo Hinakura, Susumu Ogawa, Hiroyuki Suzuki, Yoshinori Fujiwara, Paul K Crane, Hidenori Arai, Takashi Sakurai","doi":"10.1016/j.jarlif.2025.100003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarlif.2025.100003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Intervention adherence is crucial to ensure cognitive benefits in trials designed to prevent cognitive decline. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the Japan-Multimodal Intervention Trial for the Prevention of Dementia offered live online exercise sessions to older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess adherence and aerobic exercise intensity through live online exercise sessions in older adults with MCI.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Posthoc analysis of the 18-month, multi-center, randomized controlled trial.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>The study was conducted across five institutions in Japan.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Older adults aged 65-85 years who were assigned to the intervention group and completed the intervention. Participants were stratified by region (Aichi and Tokyo), where the state of emergency duration due to COVID-19 varied.</p><p><strong>Interventions: </strong>The intervention group participated in multidomain interventions, including 90-minute group-based physical exercise sessions held weekly for 78 sessions. During the state of emergency, live online sessions were conducted via video conferencing.</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>Attendance rates and aerobic exercise intensity (based on heart rates) during online and onsite sessions were compared using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 207 participants were analyzed. Over 18 months, 78 exercise sessions were conducted, including live online sessions. In the Aichi region, 2 online sessions were held, while in the Tokyo region, 24 online sessions were conducted. In the Tokyo region, adherence was higher in online sessions compared to onsite sessions (92 % vs. 86 %, <i>p</i> = 0.046), while exercise intensity showed no significant difference (49 % vs. 52 %, <i>p</i> = 0.279). No adverse events were reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Live online exercise sessions were safe, feasible, and demonstrated adherence and intensity comparable to onsite sessions.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>The trial was registered at the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN-CTR) on November 24, 2019 (UMIN000038671) (https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000044075).</p>","PeriodicalId":73537,"journal":{"name":"JAR life","volume":"14 ","pages":"100003"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11863878/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143568371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution of physical activity to intrinsic capacity differs in USA, UK, Europe and China.","authors":"Z Huang, Etc Lai, J Woo","doi":"10.1016/j.jarlif.2025.100007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarlif.2025.100007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Within-country studies show that physical activity is associated with better intrinsic capacity.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To examine whether the contribution of physical activity to intrinsic capacity varies between countries due to varying social determinants, and whether physical activity associates differently with only certain domains of intrinsic capacity.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Prospective cohort studies.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Populations of the USA, UK, Europe, and China.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Nationally representative samples of middle-aged and older adults who were interviewed every two or three years.</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>Intrinsic capacity was assessed according to the following domains: locomotor, vitality, cognition, vision and hearing, and psychological health. Physical activity was defined as taking part in vigorous or moderate physical activity was more than weekly.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Physical activity was associated with better intrinsic capacity in both genders in USA, UK, and Europe, but not in China. In these developed countries, physical activity was associated with all domains of intrinsic capacity, except for cognition in men in the UK. The largest effect sizes were observed in the domains of locomotion, psychological health, and vitality. In China, physical activity was significantly and positively associated with two domains of intrinsic capacity (vitality and locomotion) for men and women only in rural areas.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Physical activity may contribute differently to intrinsic capacity, perhaps as a result of cultural and economic differences between countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":73537,"journal":{"name":"JAR life","volume":"14 ","pages":"100007"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11863702/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143568847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incremental predictive value of intrinsic capacity and environmental characteristics in the risk prediction of incident disability.","authors":"Ruby Yu, Grace Leung, Derek Lai, Lok-Yan Tam, Clara Cheng, Sara Kong, Cecilia Tong, Jean Woo","doi":"10.1016/j.jarlif.2025.100004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarlif.2025.100004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the incremental value of intrinsic capacity (IC) and environmental characteristics in the risk prediction of disability.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Secondary analysis was performed on a longitudinal sample of individuals aged 50 years or above. The selected subsample was ambulant and cognitively intact, and did not have any disabilities in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) at baseline. A set of 18 indicators were first used to assess conditions associated with declines in IC and environmental characteristics. Participants were then followed up for approximately one year, and the IADL status (i.e., disabled or not) was treated as the outcome variable in the logistic regression models. The incremental predictive value of IC was examined by comparing the baseline model that only included traditional risk factors (e.g., health conditions and lifestyle factors), against the full model that also included the aforementioned 18 indicators. The comparison was performed using the change in area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROCAUC) and the continuous net reclassification index (NRI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 10,993 participants (mean age = 73.3, 82.1 % women), 680 (6.2 %) developed disability during the concerned period. The full model significantly outperformed the baseline model, with the ROCAUC improving from 0.707 to 0.729 (change = 0.021; 95 % CI: 0.013-0.030). The continuous NRI was 0.361 (95 % bootstrap CI: 0.280-0.450).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Measurements of IC and environmental characteristics have a significant incremental value in predicting disability. In practice, the full model can be implemented as a calculator for identifying older populations at risk of disability in the community settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":73537,"journal":{"name":"JAR life","volume":"14 ","pages":"100004"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11863695/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143568939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge of Risk Factors for Dementia and Attitudes on a Dementia Prevention Program by Age and Ethnicity in Arizona.","authors":"H Talkad, Y Chen, A P Bress, J B Langbaum, P N Tariot, J J Pruzin","doi":"10.14283/jarlife.2024.19","DOIUrl":"10.14283/jarlife.2024.19","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dementia disproportionately affects Hispanic communities, which may be partially attributable to disparities in resources to address modifiable risk factors. Addressing risk factors at younger ages would likely confer greater benefit than at older ages. Interest among Hispanic and younger persons participating in a dementia prevention program is unknown.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To understand knowledge of dementia risk factors and attitudes toward prevention program participation among Arizona residents.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Online survey conducted of Arizona residents in either English or Spanish between July 13, 2021 and August 2, 2021.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>1,303 persons age 35 and older; 332 (25.5%) were Hispanic.</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>Survey questions about knowledge of dementia risk factors and dementia prevention program interest. Comparisons between Hispanic and non-Hispanic White and younger and older respondents were made using chi-squared tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 30.7% of respondents were aware of any risk factors that increased risk for dementia with no differences between Hispanic and non-Hispanic White respondents. 76.4% of all respondents were \"very\" or \"somewhat\" interested in a dementia prevention program, interest was significantly higher in Hispanic (83.0% vs 73.3% \"very\" or \"somewhat interested,\" X2 (3, N=1226) = 14.8, p=0.002) and younger respondents (82.2% vs 72.1% \"very\" or \"somewhat\" interested X2 (1, N=1302) = 20.0, p<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>General knowledge of risk factors for dementia is low, contrasting with high interest in a prevention program. Interest is higher in Hispanic and younger persons compared with older or non-Hispanic White persons. A dementia prevention program accessible to younger and Hispanic populations could help narrow dementia outcome disparities.</p>","PeriodicalId":73537,"journal":{"name":"JAR life","volume":"13 ","pages":"126-134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11653765/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142856893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Approach to Exploring Inflamm-Aging and the Mediterranean Diet.","authors":"A S Khachaturian","doi":"10.14283/jarlife.2024.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14283/jarlife.2024.17","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73537,"journal":{"name":"JAR life","volume":"13 ","pages":"113-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11649873/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142848619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ten Recommendations for the Next Clinical Trial of the Mediterranean Diet in Inflamm-Aging: Results & Insights from a Scoping Review.","authors":"A M R Hanna, A-M E Hartford, S Morassaei","doi":"10.14283/jarlife.2024.18","DOIUrl":"10.14283/jarlife.2024.18","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diet is a key modifiable risk factor in many chronic diseases, including age-related diseases. The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is an extensively studied dietary pattern which has been proposed as a lifestyle intervention to promote healthy aging in the general population, due to its numerous health benefits. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have attempted to explore the mechanism(s) by which the MedDiet exerts its beneficial effects on aging. One proposed mechanism is that the MedDiet helps to slow down a process called 'inflamm-aging', a type of chronic, low-grade inflammation which contributes to aging. To explore the evidence supporting this hypothesized mechanism, we conducted a scoping review of existing RCTs which used a MedDiet intervention and assessed at least one molecular outcome of potential relevance to inflamm-aging. We identified 14 papers representing 12 unique RCTs. Based on our findings, we present 10 recommendations for the next clinical trial of the MedDiet in inflamm-aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":73537,"journal":{"name":"JAR life","volume":"13 ","pages":"115-125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11649874/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142848620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Periodontitis with Mild Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults.","authors":"M Igase, K Igase, S Hino, D Uchida, Y Okada, M Ochi, Y Tabara, Y Ohyagi","doi":"10.14283/jarlife.2024.16","DOIUrl":"10.14283/jarlife.2024.16","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Early detection of cognitive decline, including mild cognitive impairment, is expected to provide a better prognosis. Several studies have suggested an association between periodontitis and mild cognitive impairment.</p><p><strong>Objectives/design: </strong>To test the hypothesis that there is an association between severe periodontitis and mild cognitive impairment in community residents who participated in a dental health check-up program.</p><p><strong>Participants/setting: </strong>Community residents who participated in our dental health checkup program were enrolled (age=67.5±9.9, 62.9% female).</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>Mild cognitive impairment was tested using the MCI screening test. Periodontitis was diagnosed based on a widely used clinical periodontal parameter, the probing pocket depth. Statistical analysis was based on logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 321 subjects, mild cognitive impairment was detected in 41. Severe periodontitis (probing pocket depth > 6mm) was detected in 123 cases, with a higher prevalence of mild cognitive impairment in the severe periodontitis group (65.9%) than in the unimpaired group (34.3%). The inclusion of four variables (age, education, functional teeth, and presence of severe periodontitis) in a multivariate logistic regression model revealed a statistically significant difference in the association between severe periodontitis and mild cognitive impairment (odds ratio = 4.024, p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A strong association was seen between severe periodontitis and mild cognitive impairment. Severe periodontitis appears to be a risk factor for mild cognitive impairment, and patients with severe periodontitis should be assessed for mild cognitive impairment.</p>","PeriodicalId":73537,"journal":{"name":"JAR life","volume":"13 ","pages":"108-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11622601/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142796454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional Interventions in Older, Frail Persons with Heart Failure-A Systematic Narrative Review.","authors":"K Belqaid, G F Irving, N Waldréus","doi":"10.14283/jarlife.2024.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14283/jarlife.2024.15","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Frailty is a clinical condition common among older persons with heart failure (HF) and has been associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes such as falls, disability, long-term care, and death. Malnutrition in terms of weight loss and sarcopenia is closely related to frailty. This review summarises nutritional interventions to improve components of frailty in older persons with HF. The online databases of Medline, Embase, Web of Science and Cinahl were searched in 2022 to identify studies of nutritional interventions among older persons with HF with outcomes related to frailty (e.g., body composition or functional measures). The records were screened, and eligible articles identified. In addition, reference lists of eligible articles and of four previously published reviews regarding HF and nutrition were screened. Eight articles were included in the review, of which seven were controlled trials and one was a feasibility study. Nutritional interventions included: vitamin D supplementation (n =2), protein supplementation (n =3), enteral nutrition (EN) or oral nutritional supplements (ONS) (n =2), or a low carbohydrate diet (n =1). The studies using protein supplementation, ONS or EN reported improvements on functional measures or body composition. Furthermore, the results from this review add to the evidence of the importance of combining nutritional support with physical activity to improve muscle mass and functional outcomes among older persons with HF.</p>","PeriodicalId":73537,"journal":{"name":"JAR life","volume":"13 ","pages":"99-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11549435/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142633910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sedentary Behaviour and Fall-related Injuries in Aging Adults: Results from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA).","authors":"M Gallibois, C Hennah, M Sénéchal, M F Fuentes Diaz, B Leadbetter, D R Bouchard","doi":"10.14283/jarlife.2024.14","DOIUrl":"10.14283/jarlife.2024.14","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Falls, and more specifically, fall-related injuries, are costly to the healthcare system and can harm one's autonomy.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To study the impact of sedentary behaviour associated with fall-related injuries and how a change in sedentary behaviour may impact the risk of a fall-related injury.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>From baseline to the first follow-up, cross-sectional and longitudinal data analysis from the Canadian Longitudinal Study of Aging (CLSA) cohort.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>CLSA data from 43,558 Canadians aged 45-85 were included in this study.</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>At baseline and follow-up, sedentary behaviour time was categorized as low (<1,080 minutes/week), moderate (1,080-1,440), or high (>1,440). Sedentary behaviour was estimated via the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE). At follow-up, participants were dichotomized as either increased or decreased/no change in sedentary behaviour according to their categorical change between time points.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sedentary behaviour was associated with fall-related injuries independently of age, sex, number of chronic conditions, and total physical activity levels OR (95%CI) 1.10 (1.05-1.15). In contrast, a change in sedentary behaviour was not associated with the risk of fall-related injury 1.00 (0.92-1.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A higher level of sedentary behaviour is associated with injurious falls for people between 40 and 80 years old. However, a short-term change in sedentary behaviour does not influence the risk of injury-related falls. Despite the results, a more precise measure of sedentary behaviour is needed for epidemiology studies to capture changes over time better.</p>","PeriodicalId":73537,"journal":{"name":"JAR life","volume":"13 ","pages":"93-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11258374/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141735896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}