JAR life最新文献

{"title":"The Comparative Effectiveness of Monotherapy and Combination Therapies: Impact of Angiotensin Receptor Blockers on the Onset of Alzheimer's Disease.","authors":"Y Wang,&nbsp;M Li,&nbsp;L E Kazis,&nbsp;W Xia","doi":"10.14283/jarlife.2023.8","DOIUrl":"10.14283/jarlife.2023.8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The criteria for use of Alzheimer's disease (AD) drug Leqembi recommended by the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) include patients aged 65 years or older with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or mild AD. Comorbidities that include hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes are common among these patients.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Our objective is to investigate the comparative effectiveness of the administration of one, two, or three medications belonging to the categories of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), Beta Blockers, Statins, and Metformin, for their potential to delay the clinical onset of AD and provide a window of opportunity for therapeutic intervention.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Retrospective matched case-control study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Data from the Department of Veterans Affairs national corporate data warehouse.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>We conducted an analysis of 122,351 participants (13,611 with AD and 108,740 without AD), aged 65-89, who began at least one of the prescribed medication classes under investigation between October 1998 and April 2018.</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>We utilized Cox proportional hazard regressions, both with and without propensity score weighting, to estimate hazard ratios (HR) associated with the use of different medication combinations for the pre-symptomatic survival time of AD onset. Additionally, we employed a supervised machine learning algorithm (random forest) to assess the relative importance of various therapies in predicting the occurrence of AD.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Adding Metformin to the combination of ACEI+Beta Blocker (HR = 0.56, 95% CI (0.41, 0.77)) reduced the risk of AD onset compared to ACEI monotherapy alone (HR = 0.91, (0.85, 0.98)), Beta Blocker monotherapy (HR = 0.86, 95% CI (0.80, 0.92)), or combined ACEI+Beta Blocker (HR=0.85, 95%CI (0.77, 0.94)), when statin prescribers were used as a reference. Prescriptions of ARB alone or the combination of ARB with Beta Blocker showed an association with a lower risk of AD onset.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Selected medications for the treatment of multiple chronic conditions among elderly individuals with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes as monotherapy or combination therapies lengthen the pre-symptomatic period before the onset of AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":73537,"journal":{"name":"JAR life","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10333644/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10174886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perspective on Failed Trial Re: Efficacy of Nutritional Supplement to Prevent Cognitive Decline.","authors":"Z S Khachaturian","doi":"10.14283/jarlife.2023.6","DOIUrl":"10.14283/jarlife.2023.6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73537,"journal":{"name":"JAR life","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10265032/pdf/jarlife-12-023.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9709507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults via Multimodal Markers on Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Literature Review.","authors":"M Montoya-Martinez,&nbsp;C Arbus,&nbsp;K Virecoulon Giudici","doi":"10.14283/jarlife.2023.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14283/jarlife.2023.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Depressive symptoms the most prevalent clinical condition in the field of mood disorders in older populations. Depressive symptoms are associated to poorer morbidity and mortality, and is considered a component of frailty and intrinsic capacity. Dementia could overlap with DS in clinical and brain abnormalities. Moreover, there are sex-differences in the field of Neuro- and Gero-science. To date, no review has addressed the neuro-anatomical basis of DS in older adults using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), neither has investigated the discrimination of dementia nor sex-differences. This narrative review investigated studies about older adults; depressive symptoms evaluation via MRI, and published in English or Spanish over the past 7 years. Moreover, it evaluated dementia discrimination and sex-related differences. The most accurate evidence showed cerebral small vessel disease as a predictor of depressive symptoms worsening. Most studies were cross-sectional, with a coarse dementia screening and sex-unrepresentative samples. Cingulate cortex and hippocampus showed a negative association to depressive symptoms, and Precuneus cortex a positive association; although these inferences require further investigation. Additional research is needed to identify the brain imaging signature of depressive symptoms in older population (if any), and if this would be associated with sex and individuals'level of frailty and intrinsic capacity.</p>","PeriodicalId":73537,"journal":{"name":"JAR life","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10182385/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9857414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Journal of Aging, Research & Lifestyle.","authors":"Ara S Khachaturian","doi":"10.14283/jarlife.2023.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14283/jarlife.2023.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73537,"journal":{"name":"JAR life","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10086310/pdf/jarlife-12-001.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9294482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beta 1,3-1,6 Glucans Produced by Two Novel Strains of Aureobasidium Pullulans Exert Immune and Metabolic Beneficial Effects in Healthy Middle-aged Japanese Men: Results of an Exploratory Randomized Control Study.","authors":"N Ikewaki,&nbsp;T Sonoda,&nbsp;G Kurosawa,&nbsp;M Iwasaki,&nbsp;V Devaprasad Dedeepiya,&nbsp;R Senthilkumar,&nbsp;S Preethy,&nbsp;S J K Abraham","doi":"10.14283/jarlife.2023.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14283/jarlife.2023.11","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>In this pilot study, we have evaluated the specific metabolic and immune-related benefits of the AFO-202 strain and N-163 strain of black yeast Aureobasidium pullulans-produced beta 1,3-1,6 glucan in healthy human subjects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixteen healthy Japanese male volunteers (aged 40 to 60 years) took part in this clinical trial. They were divided into four groups (n = 4 each): Group I consumed AFO-202 beta-glucan (2 sachets of 1 g each per day), IA for 35 days and IB for 21 days; Group II consumed a combination of AFO-202 beta-glucan (2 sachets of 1 g each) and N-163 beta-glucan (1 sachet of 15 g gel each per day), IIA for 35 days and IIB for 21 days.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Decrease in HbA1C and glycated albumin (GA), significant increase of eosinophils and monocytes and marginal decrease in D-dimer levels, decrease in neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), with an increase in the lymphocyte-to-CRP ratio (LCR) and leukocyte-to-CRP ratio (LeCR) was observed in Group I between pre- and post-treatment. Decrease in total and LDL cholesterol, a decrease of CD11b, serum ferritin, galectin-3 and fibrinogen were profound in Group II between pre- and post-treatment. However, there was no statistically significant difference between day 21 and day 35 among the groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This outcome warrants larger clinical trials to explore the potentials of these safe food supplements in the prevention and prophylaxis of diseases due to dysregulated metabolism, such as fatty liver disease, and infections such as COVID-19 in which balanced immunomodulation are of utmost importance, besides their administration as an adjunct to existing therapeutic approaches of both communicable and non-communicable diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":73537,"journal":{"name":"JAR life","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10457473/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10110068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Clinical Decision Intelligence Applications to Improve Pathways For Earlier Detection Of Underrecognized Cognitive Disorders.","authors":"A S Khachaturian,&nbsp;B Cassin,&nbsp;G R Finney","doi":"10.14283/jarlife.2023.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14283/jarlife.2023.3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cost estimates for care for those with dementia and other cognitive impairments are rising globally, estimated to reach US $1 trillion by 2025. Lack of specialized personnel, infrastructure, diagnostic capabilities, and healthcare access impedes the timely identification of patients progressing to dementia, particularly in underserved populations. International healthcare infrastructure may be unable to handle existing cases in addition to a sudden increase due to undiagnosed cognitive impairment and dementia. Healthcare bioinformatics offers a potential route for quicker access to healthcare services; however, a better preparedness plan must be implemented now if expected demands are to be met. The most critical consideration for implementing artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML) -driven clinical decision intelligence applications (CDIA) is ensuring patients and practitioners take action on the information provided.</p>","PeriodicalId":73537,"journal":{"name":"JAR life","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10206751/pdf/jarlife-12-014.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9531326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Screening Tool Using Non-linguistic Voice Features Derived from Simple Phrases to Detect Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia.","authors":"D Mizuguchi,&nbsp;T Yamamoto,&nbsp;Y Omiya,&nbsp;K Endo,&nbsp;K Tano,&nbsp;M Oya,&nbsp;S Takano","doi":"10.14283/jarlife.2023.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14283/jarlife.2023.12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Appropriate intervention and care in detecting cognitive impairment early are essential to effectively prevent the progression of cognitive deterioration. Diagnostic voice analysis is a noninvasive and inexpensive screening method that could be useful for detecting cognitive deterioration at earlier stages such as mild cognitive impairment. We aimed to distinguish between patients with dementia or mild cognitive impairment and healthy controls by using purely acoustic features (i.e., nonlinguistic features) extracted from two simple phrases. Voice was analyzed on 195 recordings from 150 patients (age, 45-95 years). We applied a machine learning algorithm (LightGBM; Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA) to test whether the healthy control, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia groups could be accurately classified, based on acoustic features. Our algorithm performed well: area under the curve was 0.81 and accuracy, 66.7% for the 3-class classification. Thus, our vocal biomarker is useful for automated assistance in diagnosing early cognitive deterioration.</p>","PeriodicalId":73537,"journal":{"name":"JAR life","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10450207/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10100811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined Exercise and Education Program: Effect of Smaller Group Size and Longer Duration on Physical Function and Social Engagement among Community-Dwelling Older Adults.","authors":"S Yamamoto,&nbsp;D Ishii,&nbsp;K Ishibashi,&nbsp;Y Okamoto,&nbsp;K Kawamura,&nbsp;Y Takasaki,&nbsp;M Tagami,&nbsp;K Tanamachi,&nbsp;Y Kohno","doi":"10.14283/jarlife.2023.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14283/jarlife.2023.10","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Exercise, education, and social engagement are critical interventions for older adults for a healthy life expectancy and to improve their physical function.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To conduct a combined exercise and education (CEE) program for improved social engagement and physical function of older adults.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Based on a short-term program we conducted in our previous study, in this study, the program was conducted for half the number of participants of the earlier study but for a longer duration.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>A community of older adults in Ami, Japan, was the setting of the study.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>23 healthy older adults >65 years living in the community were the participants in the study.</p><p><strong>Interventions: </strong>Five 80-minute sessions conducted once in two weeks comprised 60-min exercise instruction and 20-min educational lectures per session on health. We examined the improvement in physical and social engagement before and after participation. Physical function and health-related questionnaire data were collected before and after the program.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data analysis from 15 participants showed improved physical performance but no effect on social engagement.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A higher program frequency, rather than program duration, may be vital to improving exercise performance and social engagement and maximizing the effects of high group cohesion in small groups. Further studies are needed to develop more effective interventions to extend healthy life expectancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":73537,"journal":{"name":"JAR life","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10374984/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9909220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How to Implement Integrated Care for Older Persons-ICOPE-Massively in Clinical Practice for a Healthy Longevity.","authors":"B Vellas","doi":"10.14283/jarlife.2023.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14283/jarlife.2023.4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73537,"journal":{"name":"JAR life","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10236447/pdf/jarlife-12-004.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9933950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical Activity, Exercise, and Sedentary Time: Insights for Future Research in the Field of Geroscience.","authors":"P de Souto Barreto","doi":"10.14283/jarlife.2023.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14283/jarlife.2023.5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73537,"journal":{"name":"JAR life","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10258545/pdf/jarlife-12-020.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9631789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}