JAR life最新文献

{"title":"Using Clinical Decision Intelligence Applications to Improve Pathways For Earlier Detection Of Underrecognized Cognitive Disorders.","authors":"A S Khachaturian,&nbsp;B Cassin,&nbsp;G R Finney","doi":"10.14283/jarlife.2023.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14283/jarlife.2023.3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cost estimates for care for those with dementia and other cognitive impairments are rising globally, estimated to reach US $1 trillion by 2025. Lack of specialized personnel, infrastructure, diagnostic capabilities, and healthcare access impedes the timely identification of patients progressing to dementia, particularly in underserved populations. International healthcare infrastructure may be unable to handle existing cases in addition to a sudden increase due to undiagnosed cognitive impairment and dementia. Healthcare bioinformatics offers a potential route for quicker access to healthcare services; however, a better preparedness plan must be implemented now if expected demands are to be met. The most critical consideration for implementing artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML) -driven clinical decision intelligence applications (CDIA) is ensuring patients and practitioners take action on the information provided.</p>","PeriodicalId":73537,"journal":{"name":"JAR life","volume":"12 ","pages":"14-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10206751/pdf/jarlife-12-014.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9531326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Screening Tool Using Non-linguistic Voice Features Derived from Simple Phrases to Detect Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia.","authors":"D Mizuguchi,&nbsp;T Yamamoto,&nbsp;Y Omiya,&nbsp;K Endo,&nbsp;K Tano,&nbsp;M Oya,&nbsp;S Takano","doi":"10.14283/jarlife.2023.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14283/jarlife.2023.12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Appropriate intervention and care in detecting cognitive impairment early are essential to effectively prevent the progression of cognitive deterioration. Diagnostic voice analysis is a noninvasive and inexpensive screening method that could be useful for detecting cognitive deterioration at earlier stages such as mild cognitive impairment. We aimed to distinguish between patients with dementia or mild cognitive impairment and healthy controls by using purely acoustic features (i.e., nonlinguistic features) extracted from two simple phrases. Voice was analyzed on 195 recordings from 150 patients (age, 45-95 years). We applied a machine learning algorithm (LightGBM; Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA) to test whether the healthy control, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia groups could be accurately classified, based on acoustic features. Our algorithm performed well: area under the curve was 0.81 and accuracy, 66.7% for the 3-class classification. Thus, our vocal biomarker is useful for automated assistance in diagnosing early cognitive deterioration.</p>","PeriodicalId":73537,"journal":{"name":"JAR life","volume":"12 ","pages":"72-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10450207/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10100811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined Exercise and Education Program: Effect of Smaller Group Size and Longer Duration on Physical Function and Social Engagement among Community-Dwelling Older Adults.","authors":"S Yamamoto,&nbsp;D Ishii,&nbsp;K Ishibashi,&nbsp;Y Okamoto,&nbsp;K Kawamura,&nbsp;Y Takasaki,&nbsp;M Tagami,&nbsp;K Tanamachi,&nbsp;Y Kohno","doi":"10.14283/jarlife.2023.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14283/jarlife.2023.10","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Exercise, education, and social engagement are critical interventions for older adults for a healthy life expectancy and to improve their physical function.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To conduct a combined exercise and education (CEE) program for improved social engagement and physical function of older adults.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Based on a short-term program we conducted in our previous study, in this study, the program was conducted for half the number of participants of the earlier study but for a longer duration.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>A community of older adults in Ami, Japan, was the setting of the study.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>23 healthy older adults >65 years living in the community were the participants in the study.</p><p><strong>Interventions: </strong>Five 80-minute sessions conducted once in two weeks comprised 60-min exercise instruction and 20-min educational lectures per session on health. We examined the improvement in physical and social engagement before and after participation. Physical function and health-related questionnaire data were collected before and after the program.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data analysis from 15 participants showed improved physical performance but no effect on social engagement.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A higher program frequency, rather than program duration, may be vital to improving exercise performance and social engagement and maximizing the effects of high group cohesion in small groups. Further studies are needed to develop more effective interventions to extend healthy life expectancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":73537,"journal":{"name":"JAR life","volume":"12 ","pages":"56-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10374984/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9909220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How to Implement Integrated Care for Older Persons-ICOPE-Massively in Clinical Practice for a Healthy Longevity.","authors":"B Vellas","doi":"10.14283/jarlife.2023.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14283/jarlife.2023.4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73537,"journal":{"name":"JAR life","volume":"12 ","pages":"18-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10236447/pdf/jarlife-12-004.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9933950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical Activity, Exercise, and Sedentary Time: Insights for Future Research in the Field of Geroscience.","authors":"P de Souto Barreto","doi":"10.14283/jarlife.2023.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14283/jarlife.2023.5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73537,"journal":{"name":"JAR life","volume":"12 ","pages":"20-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10258545/pdf/jarlife-12-020.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9631789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of a 1-Year Nutritional Blend Supplementation on Plasma p-tau181 and GFAP Levels among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Secondary Analysis of the Nolan Trial.","authors":"K V Giudici,&nbsp;P de Souto Barreto,&nbsp;S Guyonnet,&nbsp;C Cantet,&nbsp;H Zetterberg,&nbsp;C Boschat,&nbsp;J Hudry,&nbsp;S Andrieu,&nbsp;J A J Schmitt,&nbsp;B Vellas,&nbsp;K Blennow","doi":"10.14283/jarlife.2023.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14283/jarlife.2023.7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Observational studies and some randomized controlled trials have suggested that nutritional supplementation could be a possible intervention pathway to prevent cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease (AD). As measuring amyloid-β and tau pathophysiology by positron emission tomography (PET) or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analyses may be perceived as complex, plasma versions of such biomarkers have emerged as more accessible alternatives with comparable capacity of predicting cognitive impairment.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a 1-year intervention with a nutritional blend on plasma p-tau181 and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) levels in community-dwelling older adults. Effects were further assessed in exploratory analyses within sub-cohorts stratified according to p-tau status (with the third tertile considered as high: ≥15.1 pg/ mL) and to apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele status.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 289 participants ≥70 years (56.4% female, mean age 78.1 years, SD=4.7) of the randomized, double-blind, multicenter, placebo-controlled Nolan trial had their plasma p-tau181 assessed, and daily took either a nutritional blend (composed of thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, biotin, folic acid, cobalamin, vitamin E, vitamin C, vitamin D, choline, selenium, citrulline, eicosapentaenoic acid - EPA, and docosahexaenoic acid - DHA) or placebo for 1 year.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After 1-year, both groups presented a significant increase in plasma p-tau181 and GFAP values, with no effect of the intervention (p-tau181 between-group difference: 0.27pg/mL, 95%CI: -0.95, 1.48; p=0.665; GFAP between-group difference: -3.28 pg/mL, 95%CI: -17.25, 10.69; p=0.644). P-tau-and APOE ε4-stratified analyses provided similar findings.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In community-dwelling older adults, we observed an increase in plasma p-tau181 and GFAP levels that was not different between the supplementation groups after one year.</p>","PeriodicalId":73537,"journal":{"name":"JAR life","volume":"12 ","pages":"25-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10282594/pdf/jarlife-12-025.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10089680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Ratings of White Matter Hyperintensities, Hippocampal Ratings, and Neuropsychological Functioning from The Cache County Memory Study.","authors":"T J Farrer, E D Bigler, Y H W Tsui-Caldwell, T J Abildskov, J A T Tschanz, M C Norton, K A Welsh-Bohmer","doi":"10.14283/jarlife.2022.2","DOIUrl":"10.14283/jarlife.2022.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>White matter burden and medial temporal atrophy are associated with cognitive health. A large epidemiological database, such as the Cache County Memory Study (CCMS), can provide additional insight into how visual clinical ratings of brain structural integrity predict cognition in older adults.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We used the Scheltens Ratings Scale to quantify white matter lesion burden and medial temporal atrophy in the CCMS sample to determine if these qualitative markers are predictive of memory function. We performed clinical ratings of MRI scans across two ascertainment periods among 187 community-dwelling older adults and correlated these ratings with MMSE, CERAD memory performance, and general cognitive ability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher Scheltens ratings measuring white matter and basal ganglia hyperintensities were associated with lower memory performance (r = 0.21). The strongest correlations were observed between medial temporal atrophy and general cognition performance (r = 0.32).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The current findings support previous research that the integrity of different regions of the brain correlate to function in a meaningful way.</p>","PeriodicalId":73537,"journal":{"name":"JAR life","volume":"11 ","pages":"9-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10002895/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9491474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying Frailty in Thermal/Spa Clinical Setting: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"C Jeandel,&nbsp;T Hanh","doi":"10.14283/jarlife.2022.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14283/jarlife.2022.5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>No investigation has assessed frailty in the clinical setting of thermal/spa facilities, which often receive older patients with osteo-articular and musculoskeletal conditions.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the prevalence of frailty in older adults receiving thermal/spa treatment and to gather preliminary evidence about the feasibility of integrating geriatric assessments, including frailty, in the routine clinical consultations in spa facilities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Mixed design, with a quantitative cross-sectional investigation performed among 197 volunteer patients (mean age 73.2 ± 6.4 years-old; 82.2% women) of seven French thermal/spa facilities and a qualitative investigation (semi-structured interviews) with the nine physicians working in the participating facilities. Frailty was defined according to a modified Fried frailty phenotype based on six self-reported criteria (including mobility impairment, nutritional status, and fatigue): individuals meeting ≥3 criteria were considered frail; 1-2 criteria, pre-frail; no criterion, robust. Interviews with the participating physicians on the feasibility of integrating geriatric assessments in routine clinical consultations at spa facilities were recorded and their content, analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Frailty was detected in 112 individuals (56.9%), 26 (13.2%) were considered prefrail, and 59 (29.9%), robust. Regarding the interviews, three physicians indicated the geriatric assessments could be integrated in the routine spa consultations; two, in the consultations of specific/targeted patients, but not in routine; two, only in the context of health education; two, in the context of research protocols. The content of interviews highlighted geriatric assessments provided a better overview of the health/clinical status of the patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Frailty is very prevalent in older patients of spa facilities. Such facilities may constitute an interesting clinical setting for screening for frailty through the implementation of geriatric assessments.</p>","PeriodicalId":73537,"journal":{"name":"JAR life","volume":"11 ","pages":"26-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10002897/pdf/jarlife-11-026.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9475730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Well-Being, Psychological Factors, and Chronic Conditions Among Older Adults.","authors":"J Min,&nbsp;Y-C Yeh,&nbsp;I S Harvey","doi":"10.14283/jarlife.2022.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14283/jarlife.2022.3","url":null,"abstract":"Background Aging is characterized by the decline in physical health, functional status, and loss of social roles and relationships that can challenge the quality of life. Social well-being may help explain how aging individuals experience declining physical health and social relationships. Despite the high prevalence of chronic conditions among older adults, research exploring the relationship between social well-being and chronic disease is sparse. Objectives The study aims were to investigate the relationship between social well-being and psychological factors (e.g., perceived control, life satisfaction, self-esteem, active coping, optimism, and religious coping) by chronic condition in older adults. Design Cross-sectional study. Participants The current study comprises older adults (N = 1,251, aged ≥ 65 y) who participated in the third wave of the National Survey of Midlife in the United States (i.e., MIDUS). Setting MIDUS was conducted on a random-digit-dial sample of community-dwelling, English-speaking adults. Measurements Six instruments representing psychological resources (life satisfaction, perceived control, self-esteem, optimism, active coping, and religious coping) and five dimensions of social well-being (social actualization, social coherence, social acceptance, social contribution, social integration) were measured. An index of chronic disease comprised of self-reported data whether they had received a physician's diagnosis for any chronic conditions over the past year. Results The findings indicated that the individuals without chronic conditions had significantly higher social integration, social acceptance, and social contribution scores than the individuals with chronic conditions (t = 2.26, p < 0.05, t = 2.85, p < 0.01, and t = 2.23, p < 0.05, respectively). For individuals diagnosed with more than one chronic condition, perceived control, self-esteem, and optimism were positively related to their social well-being (β = .33, p < .001, β = .17, p < .001, and β = .33, p < .001, respectively). Conclusion Findings suggested that older adults with multiple chronic conditions have a decrease in social well-being. Chronic disease management programs may help increase social well-being among individuals with multiple chronic conditions.","PeriodicalId":73537,"journal":{"name":"JAR life","volume":"11 ","pages":"14-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10002881/pdf/jarlife-11-014.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9475732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Controlled Whole-body Vibration Training on Balance and Fall Outcomes Among Healthy Older Adults: A 6-Week Pilot Study.","authors":"F Saucedo,&nbsp;E A Chavez,&nbsp;H R Vanderhoof,&nbsp;V N Pradeep Ambati,&nbsp;J D Eggleston","doi":"10.14283/jarlife.2022.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14283/jarlife.2022.6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Falling is the second leading cause of injury-related death worldwide and is a leading cause of injury among older adults. Whole-body vibration has been used to improve balance and reduce fall risk in older adults. No study has assessed if vibration benefits can be retained over time.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aims of this study were to examine if six-weeks of whole-body vibration could improve balance and fall outcomes, and to assess if benefits associated with the training program could be sustained two months following the final training session.</p><p><strong>Design and setting: </strong>Repeated measures randomized controlled design.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Twenty-four independent living older adults were recruited and were randomly assigned to the whole-body vibration or control group.</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>Participants performed three sessions of whole-body vibration training per week with a vibration frequency of 20 Hz or with only an audio recording of the vibration noise. An assessment of balance and fall outcomes was performed prior to, immediately following, and two-months after the completion of the training program.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Composite balance scores from the Berg Balance Scale and treadmill fall rates were assessed pre-training, post-training, and two-months post-training.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventeen participants completed the study. No between groups differences were found (p<0.05) in the measures of balance or fall rates.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings revealed that six weeks of whole-body vibration was not effective in improving balance scores or fall rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":73537,"journal":{"name":"JAR life","volume":"11 ","pages":"31-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10002868/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9491476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}