International journal of community medicine and public health最新文献

{"title":"Comparison of complications associated with conservative and surgical treatment for stable cases of coronary artery disease: meta-analysis and systematic review","authors":"Waleed A. Hedar, Emad A Alsaedi, A. A. Almohammadi, Mohammed N. Almarwani, Sondos Almadhlouh, Walaa M. Alsharif, Majed H. Alsaedi, Khaled H. Alnhas, Y. N. Alaufi, Nasser N. Alsuhaymi, A. H. Alraddadi, M. A. Kurdi, A. O. Alahmadi, S. A. Alshabi, M. Z. Alhawsawi","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233864","url":null,"abstract":"Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a severe public health issue. Genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors affect the development of coronary artery disease. There are several medicinal and interventional treatments offered to treat CAD. This study aimed to compare the complications associated with conservative and surgical treatments of CAD. Data was taken from PubMed, where 679 clinic trials and randomised control trials were chosen after adding filters and 25 studies were added by hand search. Articles were then analysed, and only ten studies were taken for meta-analysis. A total of 41025 patients were added to these studies, out of which 12077 were treated surgically and 28948 were treated by conservative management either by monotherapy or combined medicinal therapy. Further, the meta-analysis done with the help of Revman concluded that 6% (CI 0.00–16.8%) complication cases were reported in conservative treatment and 2% (CI 0.00–23%) in surgical treatment, where the I2 was 100%. Considering the treatments separately, 901 patients given monotherapy and 354 given combined medicinal therapy were reported to have complications. As per the surgical treatments, 509 cases were reported when treated by SAG, and MAG, 216 with PCI, and CABG, 40 when treated by EVH and OVH, and 10 patients faced complications when treated with angioplasty, reported to suffer complications after treatment. So, the surgical treatments, as per this review, have been proven to have less complications than conservative treatment.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"135 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138953410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dental restorative materials and special consideration for the elderly","authors":"Tarik Mohammed Ali Alakkad, Moayad Adnan Diwan, Mohammed Khalid Al Sanie, O. Balkhair, Faisal Musaad Al Mobarak, Rasha Ahmed Badahdah, Abdulaziz Fahad Bakhsh, Norah Rjaa Al Otaibi, Saud Fahad Bin Abdulwahed, Haifa Mohammed Al Sharif, Riyadh Obied Al Anazi","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233855","url":null,"abstract":"With the global population aging, the oral health of elderly individuals faces unique challenges, particularly concerning dental caries. Root caries, in particular, have become a growing concern due to the significant number of retained teeth in older adults. This review delves into the frequency of root caries among older individuals and examines the limitations of existing dental restorative materials, including amalgam, glass ionomer cement, and light-cured composite resin, in meeting the unique requirements of the elderly. It underscores the urgent necessity for improving the antibacterial, bonding, remineralization, strength, and durability characteristics of these materials. Additionally, the study discusses factors related to aging, treatment planning, and special considerations in geriatric dental care. The review also delves into the challenges associated with providing dental care to elderly individuals, including depression, postural hypotension, prescribed drugs, delayed healing, adaptive potential, mucosal quality, and poor plaque control. Moreover, it addresses the role of xerostomia, bruxism, and certain medical conditions in exacerbating dental issues in the elderly. It also introduces novel anticariogenic restorative materials, such as antimicrobial materials, remineralization materials, and self-healing/low-shrinkage materials, highlighting their potential to improve oral health in older individuals.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"33 37","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138994263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Components and outcome of triple antibiotic paste and its application in endodontic infections","authors":"A. Alsharif, Khalid Abdulghani Qul, Arwa Nasser Al Qahtani, Omar Ahmad Alomem, Ali Hassan Albariqi, Ameerah Mohammed Alshahrani, Raghda Mansour Rayes, Abdulelah Hussain Alanazi, Rakan Naif Almutairi, Abdulaziz Abdulrahman Almuntashiri, Rahaf Abdullah Houmady","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233859","url":null,"abstract":"In the field of endodontic therapies, the use of antibiotics, especially in the form of root canal medications, plays a pivotal role in ensuring successful treatment outcomes. This review examines the role of triple antibiotic paste (TAP) in such therapies, delving into its composition, application, and effects on endodontic infections. TAP, a combination of metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, and minocycline, targets the diverse microbial flora in odontogenic infections. Its local application within the root canal space proves more effective than systemic administration, significantly reducing microbial count and aiding in tissue regeneration and disinfection. However, the use of TAP is not without challenges, as it can cause tooth discoloration, particularly due to minocycline, and raise concerns about antibiotic resistance and long-term biocompatibility. This study, conducted through a comprehensive literature search, evaluates the efficacy of TAP, its impact on tooth structure, and its role in maintaining the vitality of diseased pulp. The findings highlight TAP’s significant role in endodontic treatments, emphasizing its benefits in achieving therapeutic goals while acknowledging the need for careful consideration of its drawbacks.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"28 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138955762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of laboratory automation on efficiency and accuracy in healthcare settings","authors":"Loulwah Ahmed Alhammad, Ahmad Mahmoud Ahmad, Turki Khalid Ainosah, Mohab Sameh Samarkandi, Majed Abdullah Alharthi, Ashwaq Mohammad Alsharif, Eman Ayed Al Anazi, Samar Abdulaziz Aldugeshem, Faisal Yahya Johali","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233857","url":null,"abstract":"Automated sample processing systems, such as handlers, have played a role in expediting specimen handling, especially during emergencies. Additionally, automated analyzers have contributed to increased testing efficiency by enabling high throughput screening and quicker access to information. This article explores how the use of automated technology in laboratories has greatly improved efficiency and accuracy in healthcare settings. By examining the integration of automated systems for processing samples and conducting tests this review highlights the impact automation has had on outcomes. One notable benefit is reduced turnaround times, streamlined workflows, and enhanced precision in diagnostic testing. The incorporation of laboratory information management systems (LIMS) has further improved efficiency through data integration and real-time monitoring. Accuracy is an aspect of processes, and automated systems meticulously adhere to predefined protocols, resulting in reduced error rates and consistently reliable results. The introduction of intelligence (AI) has enhanced accuracy, particularly in image analysis within the pathology and radiology fields. Effective clinical management of laboratory automation entails technology selection planning for implementation and ongoing monitoring. Interoperability between systems, continuous education on advancements, and efficient workforce management are all crucial components for successful implementation. Despite challenges faced along the way, adopting laboratory automation is essential for optimizing laboratories' workflows while delivering timely information. The review consistently affirms laboratory automation's valid influence in improving efficiency and accuracy within healthcare environments.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"91 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138957812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preventive care for osteoporosis in family medicine: risk assessment, bone health, and fracture prevention","authors":"M. Y. Abdullah, Rakan Turki Alotaibi, Khalid Abdulllah Althagafi, Waleed Abdullah Alzahrani, Shatha Thani Alanizi, Yasser Yahya Alzahrani, Mohammad Ahmed Alshamrani, Hassan Ali Alnahwi, Ali Obaid Alrashidi, Naif Nasser Almutawa, Khalid Mohammed Alkwai","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233862","url":null,"abstract":"Osteoporosis is a health condition that involves bones and an elevated likelihood of fractures. In the realm of family medicine, the prevention of osteoporosis entails evaluating risks promoting bone health and minimizing the occurrence of fractures. This review explores aspects of care for osteoporosis in family medicine, focusing on early detection and intervention. Family physicians need to be observant of signs like fragility fractures, postural changes, and height loss that indicate osteoporosis. Many different elements, such as one’s age, gender, family medical background and the choices they make in their lifestyle can contribute to the likelihood of developing osteoporosis. These factors also help in devising measures to address the condition effectively. Managing osteoporosis requires an approach led by family physicians that includes lifestyle adjustments, medication interventions tailored to risks, and patient education. Emphasizing weight-bearing exercises, nutrition personalized medications are elements of preventive care. Patient education plays a role in ensuring adherence to prescribed treatments as well as adopting strategies to prevent falls. Tools like FRAX help family physicians assess risks and tailor interventions accordingly. Collaborating with therapists and dietitians further enhances the effectiveness of managing osteoporosis through care. Family doctors go beyond their duties. Take a role in community initiatives that aim to increase awareness offer education and carry out screenings to prevent osteoporosis. Family doctors, as healthcare providers, play a role in minimizing the effects of osteoporosis on bone health and overall well-being. This review provides a summary of measures for osteoporosis, in family medicine emphasizing the significance of early identification, personalized treatment and community involvement.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138954770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms early recognition, hemodynamic stabilization, and emergency vascular surgery","authors":"A. Aljefri, A. Alhajji, Fahad Waed Al Shammari, Esra Salman Al Habib, Mohammed Ghanem Alanazi, Anfal Sayed Esam, Faisal Abdullah Alghamdi, Hassan H. Alajmi, Nojoud Mohammed Basahal, Khadijah Mohammed Qattan, A. A. Alwakeel","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233853","url":null,"abstract":"Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (rAAAs) are extremely dangerous. Require attention. This thorough review explores the management of rAAA, focusing on the detection stabilizing blood flow and emergency vascular surgery. Recognizing symptoms such as intense abdominal pain, low blood pressure, a pulsating mass in the abdomen, signs of reduced blood flow to the lower limbs, and back pain is crucial for quick identification. Diagnostic imaging techniques like ultrasound and computed tomography angiography (CTA) play a role in confirming the diagnosis and assessing the risk involved. Properly managing hemodynamics by balancing resuscitation efforts with approaches is essential to control ongoing bleeding. Emergency vascular surgery options include aneurysm repair (EVAR) and open repair; the choice depends on factors like anatomy, stability of blood flow, and surgical expertise. Prioritizing optimization to address any health conditions and closely monitoring patients after surgery greatly contribute to overall success rates. A collaborative approach among healthcare professionals ensures a multidisciplinary strategy during the period emphasizing effective communication. This comprehensive approach aims for outcomes in dealing with challenging rAAAs while considering advancements in research and clinical practices.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"8 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138994210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of biomarkers in the diagnosis and management of emergency medical conditions","authors":"A. Aljefri, Mazen Saud Alharthi, Farhan Mufarreh Almadari, Hassan Abdualmohsin Alazwari, Zafer Ali Alshahrani, Abdullah Abdulelah Alanazi, Afnan Qasem Al Gadani, Ahmed Ali Aljawad, Faris Mohammed Qattan, Abdulrahman Hassan Shuraym, Aisha Nour Almutary","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233854","url":null,"abstract":"The use of biomarkers in emergency situations represents a change in modern healthcare. This review examines their impact in emergencies focusing on how they improve the accuracy of diagnoses, provide insights into prognosis and aid in treatment decisions. Notably troponins (I and T) are effective in diagnosing myocardial infarction enabling targeted interventions and risk assessment for cardiovascular emergencies. In cases of sepsis procalcitonin helps distinguish infections and influences decisions about therapy, which is crucial for global efforts against resistance. S100B, a biomarker used in emergencies assists in prioritizing cases of brain injury. To prevent harm, serum markers like creatinine and cystatin C guide interventions for hepatic emergencies. For trauma and hematological emergencies D dimer and lactate provide prognostic information. Ongoing research is exploring biomarkers well as the integration of artificial intelligence offering promising advancements for the future. The clinical significance of biomarkers highlights a commitment to approaches that contribute to the ever-evolving field of emergency medicine and ultimately enhance patient care.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"120 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138953761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Telehealth in hypertension management: remote monitoring, adherence, and patient outcomes","authors":"M. Y. Abdullah, Khaled Fahad Al Ouqla, Mohammed Saleh Alnakhli, Majed Ali Asiri, Areej Ali Hamdi, Mohammed Abdullah Al Bakrah, Narjes Taysir Alnasiry, Meshari Zainalabidin Alshareef, Hanan H Alahmed, Fatimah Mohammed Aljubran, Afnan Hamdan Alanazi","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233861","url":null,"abstract":"Hypertension, commonly referred to as high blood pressure, is characterized by consistently elevated blood force against artery walls. Managing hypertension involves lifestyle adjustments and, when necessary, medication. Telehealth is instrumental in transforming hypertension management, utilizing technology to enhance remote monitoring, engage patients, and enhance overall outcomes. This review seeks to amalgamate existing literature and advancements in telehealth applications specific to hypertension, offering a comprehensive understanding of the present knowledge landscape, identifying gaps, and shedding light on implications for patient outcomes. Telehealth stands as a revolutionary force in hypertension management, providing inventive approaches for remote monitoring, promoting medication adherence, and overall enhancing patient well-being. However, challenges like technological barriers, security concerns, and resistance to change need addressing. Issues surrounding device compatibility, accuracy variations, and limitations in substituting certain in-person examinations also require attention. A holistic strategy, encompassing technological progress, education, and policy evolution, is crucial to overcome these challenges and fully realize telehealth's potential in hypertension management, contributing to improved patient outcomes and a reduced global burden of hypertension and chronic diseases.  ","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"33 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138957257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Definition, epidemiology and characterization of sepsis","authors":"A. Aljefri, Latifah Humoud Almutairi, Manar Hassan Alraddadi, Shahad Ali Alahmadi, Ali Qasem Sufyani, Jawad Najeeb Almarzooq, Ahmed Hassan Al Nashri, Fatimah Abdulhameed Al Wosaibi, Norah Ali Boukhamssein, Mustafa Saeed Almahasnah, S. D. Alyami","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233852","url":null,"abstract":"Sepsis is a condition that occurs when the body's response to infection becomes unbalanced and potentially life-threatening. In this study, there is a focus on understanding and addressing sepsis. This detailed review explores how sepsis is defined in its prevalence in populations and how it is present clinically. The development of sepsis involves a series of events triggered by infections resulting in inflammation and dysfunction in organs. The symptoms of sepsis can range from signs like fever and changes in state to more severe complications such as septic shock. Early recognition of these symptoms using criteria like Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is crucial for intervention, which can greatly impact patient outcomes. Various diagnostic markers, imaging techniques and a deeper understanding of the pathophysiology behind sepsis have contributed to identification and targeted treatment approaches. Managing sepsis involves a combination of therapy, support for blood circulation, respiratory interventions and careful use of agents that modulate the system. It's important to emphasize the efforts among healthcare professionals from disciplines when it comes to managing sepsis effectively. Providing follow up care is essential for survivors as they may experience long term consequences such as sepsis syndrome. Due to its impact on health ongoing research is necessary to explore therapeutic options and refine existing strategies for managing sepsis effectively. The field continues to evolve with advancements, in precision medicine host directed therapies and interdisciplinary collaboration playing roles. This review seeks to grasp the concept of sepsis, providing insights into its various aspects, including the difficulties, in diagnosis and the ever-evolving treatment strategies.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"49 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138955513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An overview of periodontal disease in pregnancy","authors":"Mohammed Ibrahim Aloqayfi, Yahya Nasser Alayed, Manal Abdullah Alshareef, Amany Sami Alfawzan, Azhar Hussain Asiry, Nourah Nasser Almalik, Afnan Faisal Almalki, Ali Abdullah Alharbi, Bassem Othman Alomari","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233860","url":null,"abstract":"Periodontal disease (PD), an inflammatory and infectious condition affecting the tissues supporting teeth, is prevalent among pregnant women due to hormonal changes. Studies indicate a link between PD and adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preterm labor and low birthweight newborns, likely due to increased inflammatory mediators. Oral pathogens like Tannerella forsythia and Porphyromonas gingivalis have been associated with these complications. The most prevalent oral conditions affecting pregnant women that may influence the course of their pregnancy are periodontitis, gingivitis, and dental caries. From supragingival plaques to subgingival infections and PD, these conditions are linked to one another. Elevated maternal serum antibodies to these pathogens and inflammatory markers correlate with poor pregnancy outcomes. Animal models further support the connection between PD and fetal health issues. While research suggests that periodontal treatment may reduce the risk, the exact mechanisms remain complex and multifactorial. Integrating dental care into prenatal care is vital for prevention and management.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"116 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138958573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}