{"title":"Rating scales in psychiatric disorders - why?","authors":"Bhuvaneswari Rajachandrasekar, Sakthivel Vaiyapuri","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233502","url":null,"abstract":"Clinical and research instruments are available for assessing patients with psychiatric illness along specific dimensions of symptoms, comorbidities, and other health outcomes. Rating scales in clinical practice and research standardize diagnosis and assessment. Here, we focus on rating scales for common psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression, anxiety disorder, and stress-related disorders. Structured observation is most commonly used with this tool. Here are a few tools with basic characteristics, such as clarity, relevance, variety, objectives, and uniqueness. Rating scales will be discussed in clinical and research settings and future directions in their use. People using scales for commercial purposes should check for access and availability since some scales are copyrighted. The more standardization can be achieved, the easier it will be to compare individuals or groups of individuals. We will be able to assess care quality and outcomes across settings.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"2015 32","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135813134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Awareness and practices regarding climate change and its effects on health, in an urban community: a cross sectional study","authors":"Ishwar Gopinath, P. Arulmozhi, S. Arun Murugan","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233462","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Aim was to assess the level of awareness and practices related to climate change and its effects on health among urban population in metropolitan city. To recommend awareness programs regarding climate change and its health hazards for urban population based on results. Methods: Community based cross sectional study was conducted among 180 adults from January 2022 to March 2022. The data was entered in MS Excel and was analyzed by using SPSS-16 software. Results: The awareness about climate change was 63%. 76% of the respondents did not agree that climate change is related to extreme weather phenomenon. All the participants believed that climate change affects health, but none of them were aware that it is causing increased incidence of cancer. 73% of the participants always adopted climate friendly alternatives to using own motor vehicles. None of the participants practiced garbage segregation. Only 19% always used climate friendly alternatives to plastic bags. 74% respondents were unable to give concrete solutions to control climate change. 14% participants suggested planting more trees, 10% called for control of industrialization and population explosion. 66% obtained their information from newspapers. None of them viewed scientific journals. There was no significant association between educational status and awareness of climate change. Conclusions: The population is moderately aware of climate change. They are not well aware of its long-term impacts on health. There is an urgent need for them to be well informed with verified sources of information. Appropriate campaigns must be initiated.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"2008 32","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135813135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ranjit Kumar Sahu, Debarati Chakraborty, Soumen Jana
{"title":"Burn injury as a public health problem in Odisha: clinico-epidemiological study of patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital and prospects for control","authors":"Ranjit Kumar Sahu, Debarati Chakraborty, Soumen Jana","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233452","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Burn injuries continue to pose a significant and preventable global health challenge, with developing countries like India experiencing a troubling rise in cases. This study aimed to investigate the socio-demographic characteristics and patterns of burn injuries among patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital's. Methods: Over a six-month period, a hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted using semi-structured questionnaires, with prior consent from patients or their caregivers. Clinical assessments were also conducted to determine the percentage of total body surface area (TBSA) affected and the most severely affected body part. Results: 145 patients included in the study, the females were (56.55%), primarily aged between 21 and 40 years. Hindus (58.62%), lived in rural areas (63.45%), and were married (66.90%). Accidental burns accounted for 81.38% of cases, mainly occurring at home (84.83%). Flame burns were more common among females, while electric burns were more prevalent among males. The majority of burn injuries covered up to 30% of TBSA (44.83%), with the upper limbs being the most severely affected (42.76%). Alarmingly, only 36.55% of patients were admitted on the same day as the injury. Infection (55.86%) and amputation (8.97%) were the most common complications observed, and 14 deaths (9.66%) occurred during the study period. Conclusions: This study highlights the vulnerability of females to flame burns, often stemming from unsafe cooking practices. Delayed hospital admissions were associated with a higher mortality rate. Efforts to promote safety and awareness, particularly in rural areas, are crucial to reducing the burden of burn injuries in India.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"2004 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135813273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Breast cancer screening a literature review","authors":"Mai Alsammak, Marwa Khattabi","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233497","url":null,"abstract":"This article is looking at literature on breast cancer screening. Being the most common cancer worldwide and a leading cause of death, screening asymptotic women leads to early detection hence early treatment and with advances in treatments, breast cancer has better survival outcomes.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135869394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Modified Kuppuswamy socioeconomic scale 2023: stratification and updates","authors":"Manukrishnan Radhakrishnan, Sharath Burugina Nagaraja","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233487","url":null,"abstract":"Socioeconomic status (SES) is evaluated by considering a family's income, level of education, and occupation of head of household. SES serves as significant indicator of the family's overall health and their access to resources. Modified Kuppuswamy scale is among the most used tools to assess SES of urban residents, but it necessitates regular updates due to consistent inflation. In this study, present updated version of modified Kuppuswamy socioeconomic scale for the year 2023 in India. Additionally, we have further refined the income points for the scales that were previously underutilized. This refinement aims to ensure more accurate categorization of families based on their societal position.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135869882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A study to assess the prevalence of substance abuse and its impact among medical students in a medical college","authors":"Aishwarya Sharma, Manali Shashidhar, Varshini Lakshmi Tripura Maddali, Srinivas Rajiv, Mahima Shivanna, Harshith Ramesh","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233482","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Psychoactive drug is an emerging global problem. This is a disturbing matter, especially in the case of medical students, affecting their health and academic performance, which in turn affects the health outcomes of patients. The objectives of our study were to assess the prevalence and impact of substance abuse among medical students. Methods: This was cross-sectional study conducted in tertiary care center. A pretested semi structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Medical students who were available during the study period and who were willing to participate were included in the study. A total of 301 students were interviewed. Data was entered and analysed in SPPSS version 22.0. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used for the statistical analysis. Results: We had a total of 301 responders. Among them, only 70(23.3%) have been a subject to substance abuse. Alcohol was the most abused substance (19.3%). The most common reason for starting these substances was out of curiosity (15.6%). 24.6% of the students have either thought of or tried stopping, however majority of them have not. Out of these students, 10 (3.3%) have experienced withdrawal symptoms. Conclusions: The substance abuse among youngsters in medical colleges is a highly alarming situation. Proper counselling with planned policies should be implemented to root out this evil among the future doctors which will help in providing better health care services to the people.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"1032 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135869957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Devinder Kumar Vohra, Sanjev Dave, Shalini Sharma, Santosh Mittal, Arvind Trivedi, J. K. Manchanda, Nawab Singh
{"title":"An exploratory study of 3rd wave features of COVID-19 patients admitted in a level 3 medical institution of Uttar Pradesh, India","authors":"Devinder Kumar Vohra, Sanjev Dave, Shalini Sharma, Santosh Mittal, Arvind Trivedi, J. K. Manchanda, Nawab Singh","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233457","url":null,"abstract":"Background: COVID-19 3rd wave has shown not only less deaths but also limited symptomatic patients in India with few numbers of casualties as compared to first and second wave. The exact scientific reason behind this needs detailed study. There is an urgent need for a study aimed towards detection of low mortality and morbidity in 3rd wave of COVID-19 patients from a level 3 medical college hospital in western Uttar Pradesh district in India so as to find and develop new management strategies for COVID-19 patients in future next COVID-19 waves. Methods: This study was aimed to find morbidity and mortality factors of COVID-19 3rd wave among COVID-19 patients in a level 3 medical college hospital in western UP district Saharanpur in India from 1st January 2022 to 30th June 2022. Results: The demographic profile of patients admitted in our level 3 medical college hospital in western UP district in India; had no significant (p>0.05) association with morbidity and mortality in COVID-19 3rd wave, but vaccination doses as it increased from 1st to 2nd had significant association (p=0.05) with less mortality and morbidity in COVID-19 3rd wave those who received the vaccines. Conclusions: Possibly COVID vaccination doses had a positive boosting effect on immune system of COVID-19 patients, which may have caused Virus to be less damaging to Immune system leading to decreased morbidity and mortality and in COVID-19 patients in wave 3.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"43 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135870738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Quality of life of occupants of old age homes of a northern Indian province","authors":"Sanjay Kumar, Anmol Gupta, Salig Ram Mazta, Deepak Sharma, Shaina Chamotra, Ankit Chaudhary","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233472","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Although a physiological phenomenon, ageing has enormous bearing on all the dimensions of health. Against age-old tradition, India is also witnessing a rapid increase in nuclearization of families. Increase in old age homes (OAHs) has been proportional to rising number of admissions in such institutions. In order to understand the phenomenon in a holistic way, the present study evaluated the quality of life of occupants such facilities in state of Himachal Pradesh. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to capture quality of life among the occupants of all seven OAHs of the State. Data was collected using World Health Organisation quality of life-Bref (WHOQOL-Bref) instrument consisting of four domains, individual domain and overall scores were compiled; and analysed using appropriate statistical techniques. Results: The mean WHOQOL-BREF score for a total of 145 study participants was 46.6±3 with highest score for environmental domain (49.1±4.7) and least for physical domain (44.0±5.2). Significant higher overall quality of life score was observed for comparatively younger participants, males, more educated individuals, those having a companion prior to the settlement, those having more satisfaction with facilities and lesser morbidities. Conclusions: Considering increasing elderly population proportion, there is a need for increase in number of facilities with standardized infrastructure, staff and facilities; so that quality of life can be maintained and sustained. Being a vulnerable and deprived section of the society, it is imperative that such individuals live out the final stage of their life with quality, dignity and much neglected self-respect.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"36 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135871074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Self-assessment and clinical diagnosis of periodontal status among patients visiting dental institution in Bangalore city: a cross-sectional study","authors":"Rajkumari Surbala Devi, Manish Kumar, Rejita Nongmeikapam, Rahul B., Sushma S. G., Priya Devi","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233448","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Periodontal diseases are a group of lesions affecting tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth. Periodontal diseases are considered as a group of highly prevalent infectious, inflammatory conditions of the supporting structures of the teeth which affects more than 50% of the world’s adult population. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the extent of agreement between clinical and self-assessed periodontal health status among patients visiting the outpatient department of Rajarajeswari Dental College and Hospital, Bangalore, India. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done among 250 patients who attended the outpatient department of Rajarajeswari Dental College and Hospital, Bangalore. The study population was subjected to a self-administered questionnaire which was followed by periodontal examination. The clinical examination included an assessment of the periodontal condition using CPI and mobility. Results: There was a marked discrepancy between the two values of self-assessed and clinically diagnosed periodontal health status which shows that the self-assessed periodontal tool was a poor indicator of the periodontal health status. Conclusions: The present study showed that there is a discrepancy between the subjectively and objectively assessed periodontal health status. Increasing people’s awareness and knowledge of their own dental disorders and changing their attitudes and behavior towards oral health care will help in improving oral as well as general health.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"381 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135871843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Antimicrobial resistance and its possible implications in the future: a mini review","authors":"Matrujyoti Pattnaik, Swati Pattnaik, Jyotirmayee Pradhan, Debdutta Bhattacharya","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233499","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among different species of microbes, or infectious agents, has become a major public health concern worldwide. This alarming trend is due to the rapid development of new resistance mechanisms and the decreasing effectiveness of treating common infectious diseases. As a result, standard treatments often fail to elicit a proper microbial response, leading to prolonged illness, increased healthcare costs, and a higher risk of mortality. Many infectious agents, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites, have developed high levels of multidrug resistance, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality rates, and being called as \"superbugs.\" While the development of MDR is a natural process, it is exacerbated by the inappropriate use of antimicrobial drugs, inadequate sanitary conditions, improper food handling, and subpar infection prevention and control practices. Given the importance of AMR, this paper enlists the AMR issue along with its significance, mechanism and its possible impact in the future. The creation of innovative treatments to fight these persistent infections should be made easier by a better strategy of educating the population about the drivers of AMR.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"50 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135872171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}