International journal of community medicine and public health最新文献

{"title":"A qualitative study to understand the barriers and enablers of access to diabetic screening services in Nigeria.","authors":"Nnenna Ozioko, Sureshkumar Kamalakannan","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20242571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20242571","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nigeria in working to redefine its health care system's approach to diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening services needs to reduce obstacles and highlight the enablers to services provision. Due to the increased prevalence of diabetes, this has become increasingly necessary. A qualitative study examining the perceptions, practices, and experiences of Nigerian DR healthcare practitioners (HCPs) in relation to the facilitators and barriers of access to DR screening services. Mode of participant recruitment was on-line through e-mails by using snowballing method. In-depth interviews were used to acquire information from 6 DR HCPs (all ophthalmologists) at three eye centers in the three geo-political areas of Nigeria and at international center for eye health (ICEH) in London via on-line Microsoft teams. Thematic analysis was used for data analysis and all the steps applied to the data analysis process. Non-systematic screening, poverty, poor transport systems, insecurity, and poor motivation are key barriers to DR screening access in Nigeria while enablers include government participation through subsidized costs and remuneration of workers. Screening in communities, and using low-cost techniques are key to enable access. Other enablers include collaboration and integration between endocrinology and ocular units in terms of referrals, information sharing, use of intermediary carers, technology, man-power and health resource provision including low- cost services. A dearth of personnel, screening technologies, and resources, have an impact on the effectiveness of the DR screening services in Nigeria as well as social and individual factors, such as the cost of the services and national insecurity.</p>","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7616678/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142395742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of socio-demographic factors associated with depression among couples attending a tertiary-care infertility clinic","authors":"Gayathri S. Hari, Parvathi S. Hari, Indu Devakumar, Sudha Padmam","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20241961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20241961","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Infertility rates vary amongst countries from 5%-30%. Data extrapolated from WHO by the Indian council of medical research suggest that approximately 13-19 million couples are likely to be infertile in India at any given time. Many studies give evidence that depression is highly prevalent among infertile couples, especially women. Demographic and social factors are expected to impact the fertility behaviours. It is estimated that psychological factors have an important role in the pathogenesis of infertility. Aim of this study was to assess socio-demographic factors associated with depression among couples attending a tertiary-care infertility clinic.\u0000Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 126 infertile couples attending the infertility clinic of government medical college, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India. We used descriptive design as the research design and purposive sampling as sampling technique. PHQ9 depression tool and an interviewer administered semi-structured questionnaire were used in study. Qualitative variables were expressed as frequency and percentages. Chi-square test of independence and Fisher's exact test used to test association between categorical variables as applicable.\u0000Results: Among the infertile couples the prevalence of depression was 51.6% (n=65). Depression was more prevalent in females (48.4%, n=61) than in males (33.3%, n=42) and when the reason for infertility was female related. The differences were not statistically significant (p>0.05). The risk of development of depression was significantly high when the other partner had depression (p=0.001, odds ratio=25.196). Presence of children in the family had a significant association with development of depression in infertile couples who belonged to joint or extended family (p=0.020). Depression was significantly associated with social pressure (p=0.021) in female participants and with impaired concentration in both females (p=0.013) and males (p=0.001). Causal relationships could not be established between depression and socio demographic as well as fertility variables due to cross sectional design.\u0000Conclusions: Prevalence of depression is comparatively high among infertile females. Support from spouse, family, friends and society have been estimated to have an impact on prevalence of depression. Interventions like counseling and supportive psychotherapy to decrease and prevent development of severe depression among these patients should be considered.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141654739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of measles-rubella vaccine second dose uptake among 24 to 35 month-old children in Wajir Town, Kenya","authors":"Musa A. Mohamed, J. Nyagero, Micah O. Matiangi","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20241942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20241942","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Two vaccine doses can prevent measles and rubella (MR2); achieving ≥95% coverage is crucial for effective population immunity. Low MR2 uptake is linked to increased measles outbreaks. With only 57.1% MR2 uptake, Kenya reported 1,775 measles cases in 2021. This study evaluates MR2 uptake and its determinants among 24-35-month-old children in Wajir town.\u0000Methods: A cross-sectional design was employed using cluster sampling in Wajir town, Wajir East sub-county, in December 2023. Parents of 399 children aged 24-35 months were interviewed using a pretested and predesigned questionnaire. Data was analyzed in SPSS V27. Socio-demographic characteristics were summarized in proportions. COR, aOR, and 95% Confidence Intervals measured association and significance. The analysis was two-tailed with a significance level set at p<0.05.\u0000Results: The study included 399 children with a median age of 25 months (interquartile range 24-29). MR2 uptake was 49.6%. Statistically significant predictors of MR2 uptake were parents' or guardians' occupation (aOR 2.85, 95% CI=1.18, 6.87, p=0.020), knowledge of the number of measles vaccines (aOR 16.05, 95% CI=4.16, 62.87, p<0.001), and the child’s gender (aOR 3.9, 95% CI=1.81, 7.86, p<0.001). Inadequate awareness about MR2 was the primary reason for not vaccinating children.\u0000Conclusions: MR2 uptake was low compared to the WHO-recommended target of ≥95%. The parents’ occupation, knowledge of the vaccine schedule, and the child’s gender determined MR2 uptake. The Wajir County Department of Health should carry out targeted knowledge-creation for parents/guardians and gender-aligned advocacy to improve MR2 uptake.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141672725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative study of ProRithm and standard monitoring techniques for non-invasive blood pressure measurement using photoplethysmography and electrocardiography signals through artificial intelligence/machine learning methods","authors":"A. V. S. Suresh, Vamsi Karatam, Dileep Karedla, Dinesh K. Babu, P. Jha, Durga V. Bandireddy","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20241611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20241611","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Multi-parameter monitoring devices are essential for providing real-time patient data, which is crucial for effective healthcare interventions. This clinical trial evaluated the accuracy of the ProRithm beat-to-beat cuffless device for arterial blood pressure monitoring, comparing it with a standard sphygmomanometer.\u0000Methods: This observational study included 30 subjects aged 18 and above. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements from both the ProRithm device and the Philips Monitor were compared using statistical analysis.\u0000Results: The analysis revealed no statistically significant differences between the ProRithm device and the manual method. In comparison with manual measurements using a sphygmomanometer, the mean systolic blood pressure was 131.2 mmHg with ProRithm it was 129.3 mmHg. Similarly, with the manual method, while the mean diastolic blood pressure was 76.2 mmHg and with ProRithm it was 75.9 mmHg.\u0000Conclusions: This study indicates that portable, small-sized devices like ProRithm, which facilitate remote monitoring, are effective for real-time blood pressure assessment in clinical settings.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141361442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinico-socio demographic characteristics of neonates at NICU, Mediciti Hospital, Medchal, Telangana, India","authors":"Anusha Dunnapothula, Leo S. Vaz, S. Valsangkar, Suguna Dummpala","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20241598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20241598","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Children face the greatest risk of disease and death in their first 28 days. Improvements in basic neonatal care such as thermoregulation and breastfeeding have substantially reduced neonatal mortality and morbidity. There is still a need to strengthen the provision of advanced care for neonates. Identifying factors impacting neonatal mortality and morbidity and addressing them through a package of evidence-based interventions are essential to avoiding preventable deaths.\u0000Methods: The current study analyses data from a cross-sectional study in the rural outreach area of a tertiary hospital in Hyderabad, India to assess clinical and socio-demographic factors affecting neonatal morbidity. One hundred and fifty neonates admitted in neonatal intensive care unit and their mothers were included. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to obtain responses through face-to-face interview. Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed using R Statistical Software (version 4.3.2).\u0000Results: Among the 150 neonates, 99 (66%) neonates were admitted for respiratory distress. 39 (26%) males were low birth weight and 28 (18.67%) females were low birth weight. There was no significant association between low birth weight, high risk pregnancy and gender of the neonate. A significant association was obtained between low socio-economic status and low birth weight.\u0000Conclusions: Neonatal mortality and morbidity can be attributed to several factors including neonatal characteristics, maternal characteristics, health infrastructure and health manpower. However, prevalence of socio-demographic risk factors affecting neonates is disproportionately higher in low- and middle-income countries. A multi-pronged approach is required to address the multimodal causation of low birth weight and morbidity in neonates.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141386046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring human mammaglobin: as a possible diagnostic and prognostic indicator in breast cancer tissue","authors":"Zayed Alnefaie, Abdulrahman Almutairi, Samer Alsamiri, Morad Banjar, Waleed Alquliti, Alzahrani Adel, Saeed M. Nagash","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20241311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20241311","url":null,"abstract":"Breast cancer is a major global health issue, with high diagnosis rates worldwide, especially in less developed areas, leading to significant mortality rates. This review focuses on the molecular characteristics of breast cancer, emphasizing the role of human mammaglobin-A (hMAM-A) as a diagnostic and prognostic marker. hMAM-A, a dimeric protein from the secretoglobin family, is produced exclusively by breast tissue and shows elevated levels in breast cancer cases, making it a highly accurate marker for disease detection. The review also examines various factors influencing breast cancer, such as age, tobacco use, menopausal status, and hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Younger age at diagnosis is associated with poorer outcomes, highlighting the importance of early detection. Tobacco smoke increases mortality rates in breast cancer patients. Menopausal status affects molecular subtypes and risk factors, impacting treatment and prognosis. HRT has a complex relationship with breast cancer risk. The review concludes by discussing the need for novel biomarkers, including hMAM-A, to improve breast cancer diagnosis and management.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141115369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementing dietary counselling in family practice for diabetes control and prevention","authors":"M. Y. Abdullah, A. Aljuaid, Yasmeen W. Alshamary, Bassam Z. Alshammari, Nada M. Alsufyani, R. A. Alkhaldi, Aljoharah M. Alwajaan, H. S. Alenazi, B. T. Alshammari, Shadia N. Alrasheedi, Khaled F. Alnuwaimees","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20241313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20241313","url":null,"abstract":"The importance of dietary counselling in family practice for managing and preventing diabetes is the focal point of this review, highlighting its integral role in chronic disease management. With diabetes increasingly prevalent worldwide, there is a critical need for effective management strategies, with dietary interventions playing a key role. Family practitioners, often the initial point of contact for patients, have a unique opportunity to implement these dietary changes, which are pivotal in influencing diabetes outcomes and averting long-term complications. Despite facing challenges such as limited time and the need for specialized knowledge, dietary counselling in family practice stands as a proactive measure focused on prevention and early intervention. It adopts a patient-centered approach, where dietary habits and preferences are assessed, and personalized, evidence-based advice is provided. The inclusion of dietitians in primary care teams, utilization of technology for support, and advocacy for policy reforms are recommended to enhance the effectiveness of dietary counselling. Despite various obstacles, integrating dietary counselling into routine care remains a significant advantage, promoting healthier lifestyle choices and effectively managing the increasing burden of chronic diseases.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141117158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence of human rabies following bite or exposure to laboratory confirmed rabid animals","authors":"Kanwarpreet S. Sandhu, Pahul K. Bawa, Bhupinder S. Sandhu","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20241312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20241312","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Rabies is one of the important endemic fatal zoonotic viral disease afflicting humans and animals in Punjab, India. The present study investigated the incidence of rabies in humans bitten/exposed to laboratory confirmed rabid animals, as well as incidence after use of vaccine or rabies immunoglobulin (RIG) and clinico-epidemiological studies.\u0000Methods: A study was conducted during August 2021 to September 2022 on forty (40) rabies suspected animals presented to diagnose rabies by direct fluorescent antibody test (dFAT) at rabies diagnostic laboratory (RDL), Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU), Punjab, India. A detailed questionnaire was prepared for obtaining information about exposure/bite of humans by rabid animals, death of humans, demographic and epidemiological information of victims.\u0000Results: Out of total forty (40) suspected rabies cases, 30(75%) were found positive for rabies by dFAT. Laboratory confirmed rabies (LCR) incidence was 60.80% and 21.73% in stray and pet dogs, respectively. All pet dogs were vaccinated but no stray dog was vaccinated. The LCR incidence in buffaloes and cattle was 77.77% and 100%, respectively. Further in humans exposed to rabid animals (59), males were at more risk than females. The human rabies incidence was 3.38% (2/59). Highest incidence of dog bites in adult males on lower limb was observed from urban stray dogs (60.80%) followed by children. Post exposure vaccination was given to 98.3% humans exposed to rabid animals. Human’s rabies in two cases was due to no vaccination or RIG.\u0000Conclusions: Vaccination is an important step in controlling rabies in India. There is a need for integrated and comprehensive management of street dogs and bite management.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141117287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends and patterns of orthognathic surgery in Saudi Arabia: a visualized bibliometric analysis of research output","authors":"Mahmoud Alsulaimani, Hatem H Hamadallah, A. Aloufi, F. Aljuhani, Rahma Alhazmi, Ahmed Alsaeedi, Mahir Mirah","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20241299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20241299","url":null,"abstract":"This study conducted a bibliometric analysis of orthognathic surgery research from Saudi Arabia between 1994 and 2024 in the Web of Science database. The goal was to evaluate Saudi Arabia's influence in the field and implications worldwide. Relevant keywords were used without year restrictions to search for articles. Biblioshiny and VOS viewer were used to analyse and visualize the bibliometric data, including total citations, h-index, and number of papers. The results show that Saudi Arabia has significantly increased its orthognathic surgery research production over time, especially in 2021 and 2023. King Saud University and King Abdulaziz University emerged as the leading institutions in number of papers. The most cited work was an expert review on using artificial intelligence for orthodontic diagnosis and planning orthognathic surgeries. This represents meaningful progress in combining technology with orthognathic surgery. Alhammad, Alnofaie, and Al-Sebaei were identified as the most productive individual authors, each authoring around three papers. The bibliographic analysis highlights the need for increased cooperation between Saudi institutions to boost research outputs and advance the application of new technologies in orthognathic surgery. The study serves as a foundation for further developing orthognathic surgery research in Saudi Arabia, which remains one of the few developing nations showing promising potential for growth in this area.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140979707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rabies death in a prisoner: necessity for medical history documentation","authors":"Kalyani Mandal, D. Satapathy, Priyatosh Dash, Abhijeet Dash","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20241292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20241292","url":null,"abstract":"Rabies is a zoonotic illness with a high mortality rate that attacks mammals' central nervous systems. It is a viral illness that may be avoided with immunization. Up to 99% of the human rabies transmissions occur in dogs, making them the primary cause of rabies mortality in humans. It is a case-report of rabies death in a 55-years old male, a prisoner from Phulbani Jail (Kandhamal), who was presented to MKCG Medical College and Hospital casualty with with chief complaints of difficulty in breathing and difficulty in drinking water since last night on 17 July 2023, at 11:19 pm. The patient had a history of dog bite exposure four years ago, for which he had not received any post-exposure prophylaxis. The patient was identified as having a likely case of rabies based on his previous history of animal bite and clinical manifestations. Patient was declared dead on 18 July 2023 at 10:30 am. Rabies diagnosis was confirmed by pathological examination of brain sample which showed presence of Negri bodies. This case-report focuses on the importance of proper medical history information including any animal bite exposure especially for convicts before admitting in prison so as to avoid later morbidity and its legal consequences. Such kind of incident also shows that there is lack of awareness regarding rabies in community. In this instance, mortality may have been prevented if the patient had finished the anti-rabies vaccine regimen and made it to a higher center in time for immunoglobulin. Increasing rabies vaccination awareness among the general public can help reduce rabies-related deaths.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140996174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}