International journal of community medicine and public health最新文献

{"title":"Accuracy of foot length measurement for gestational age assessment in neonates: a prospective observational study in Central India","authors":"Asmita Singhal, A. Agrawal, Rashmi Parihar, Nency Sahu, Jaya Upadhyay","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20240930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20240930","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Gestational age (GA) is a critical-factors in the decision making and predicting mortality and morbidities of neonates. In low resource settings where affordability and availability of first trimester scan is limited, assessment is often done by postnatal methods like expanded new Ballard score (ENBS) which are often clinical skill dependent and complex. Hence, there is a need of a simple and cost-effective method which can be readily adopted by frontline health care workers at periphery. One such method is assessment of foot length (FL).\u0000Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the level 3 NICU of Central India over a period of 18 months. Included neonates were assessed for GA by measuring FL by vernier calliper within 48 hours of birth and its validity was tested against ENBS as reference standard. Other anthropometric measurements like birth weight, head circumference and length were obtained within 48 hours of birth.\u0000Results: Total 700 neonates were included in the study. For, determining preterm newborn, the potential cut-off of FL of ≤6.86 cm, with a sensitivity of 94.6% and specificity of 73.8%. The area under ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curve is 0.92.\u0000Conclusions: FL measurement is a cost-effective and time-saving simple intervention that can facilitate early identification of preterm newborns as well as help in initiating timely interventions and hence improving neonatal outcomes in resource-poor settings.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"43 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140734200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of electronic prescribing systems on clinical pharmacy practice","authors":"Turki Ibrahim Alzahrani, Jaman Saad Binsaad, Abdullah Ahmed Almasabi, Faeyz Musleh Alharthi, Abdullah Salem Alqarni, Salman Nasser Albaqami, Muhannad Saeed Alqahtani, I. Aljabry","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20240933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20240933","url":null,"abstract":"This review explores the impact of electronic prescribing (e-prescribing) systems on clinical pharmacy practice, highlighting the potential benefits and challenges associated with their use. Medication errors, a significant concern within healthcare settings, have been shown to decrease with the adoption of e-prescribing, offering a promising tool to enhance patient safety and reduce adverse drug events. However, the transition from traditional handwritten prescriptions to electronic methods introduces new challenges, including the emergence of new types of errors, such as incorrect drug selection, and potential increases in mortality rates, as observed in pediatric patient. Furthermore, it discusses the limited exploration of e-prescribing in primary care and community pharmacy settings, areas that require further investigation to fully understand the benefits and burdens of e-prescribing use. By examining barriers related to person, tasks, environment, tools and technologies, and organizational factors, this review emphasizes the importance of considering various aspects that influence the efficacy and safety of e-prescribing systems. The findings suggest a critical need for incorporating human factors principles in the design and evaluation of these systems to ensure they effectively support clinical pharmacy practice and enhance patient care.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"14 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140735742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mindful aging: an insightful examination of cognitive impairment in the elderly population of Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, using Mini-Cog scale","authors":"V. M, T. D., Geetha M., Catherine Rexy D.","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20240316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20240316","url":null,"abstract":"Background: By 2050, United Nations projects that one in five Indians would be 60 years of age or older. This demographic transition is likely to be accompanied by substantial rise in prevalence of cognitive problems, which will have an impact on quality of life among elderly people. Effective screening at primary level would help in identification of burden of diseases and better planning at secondary and tertiary level.\u0000Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study over a period of three months was conducted at Pulipakkam in Chengalpattu district. The estimated sample size was 215, and simple random sampling method was used. Elderly people aged 60 years and above who consented to participate were included in the study. After obtaining informed consent, they were screened using the Mini-Cog tool which combines a short memory test with a simple clock- drawing test followed by a recall component.\u0000Results: The 215 participants in total were screened. The mean age of participants was 66.02±3.83 years. The prevalence of cognitive impairment (CI) based on Mini-Cog scale was 44.2%. Females (44.8%) had marginally higher prevalence than males (43.8%). CI was more prevalent among people over 65 years (57.6%). The likelihood of experiencing CI was higher among those who lived without their spouse (59.4%), were unemployed (53.7%), and who were smokers / alcoholics (63.7%). \u0000Conclusions: Considering the high burden of CI, there is need for long term prospective research for a comprehensive profile of mental disorders at community level. Early assessment and detection of CI could help in improving quality of life of elderly. Implementing initiatives aimed at increasing awareness, reducing stigma, and conducting widespread screening using reliable tools.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":" 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139791458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mindful aging: an insightful examination of cognitive impairment in the elderly population of Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, using Mini-Cog scale","authors":"V. M, T. D., Geetha M., Catherine Rexy D.","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20240316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20240316","url":null,"abstract":"Background: By 2050, United Nations projects that one in five Indians would be 60 years of age or older. This demographic transition is likely to be accompanied by substantial rise in prevalence of cognitive problems, which will have an impact on quality of life among elderly people. Effective screening at primary level would help in identification of burden of diseases and better planning at secondary and tertiary level.\u0000Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study over a period of three months was conducted at Pulipakkam in Chengalpattu district. The estimated sample size was 215, and simple random sampling method was used. Elderly people aged 60 years and above who consented to participate were included in the study. After obtaining informed consent, they were screened using the Mini-Cog tool which combines a short memory test with a simple clock- drawing test followed by a recall component.\u0000Results: The 215 participants in total were screened. The mean age of participants was 66.02±3.83 years. The prevalence of cognitive impairment (CI) based on Mini-Cog scale was 44.2%. Females (44.8%) had marginally higher prevalence than males (43.8%). CI was more prevalent among people over 65 years (57.6%). The likelihood of experiencing CI was higher among those who lived without their spouse (59.4%), were unemployed (53.7%), and who were smokers / alcoholics (63.7%). \u0000Conclusions: Considering the high burden of CI, there is need for long term prospective research for a comprehensive profile of mental disorders at community level. Early assessment and detection of CI could help in improving quality of life of elderly. Implementing initiatives aimed at increasing awareness, reducing stigma, and conducting widespread screening using reliable tools.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139851190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical assessment and patient education of chemical intolerance","authors":"Tharani Ravi, Yajaira Johnson-Esparza, Jessica Hernandez, Nehman Andry, Fozia Ali, Maria Del Pilar Montanez Villacampa, Rudolfo Rincon, Roger B. Perales, Raymond F. Palmer","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20240310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20240310","url":null,"abstract":"Chemical intolerance (CI) is characterized by multi-system symptoms initiated by a one-time high dose or persistent low-dose exposure to environmental toxicants. Symptoms of this “medically unexplained illness” often include fatigue, headache, weakness, rash, mood changes, musculoskeletal pain, gastrointestinal, difficulties with memory, concentration, and respiratory problems. A general disease mechanism called toxicant-induced loss of tolerance (TILT) explains the initiation, symptoms, and intolerances to chemicals, foods, and medicines reported worldwide by individuals with this condition. TILT is a 2-stage disease process initiated by a major chemical exposure, or a series of low-level exposures, followed by multisystem symptoms and onset of new intolerances. Despite its prevalence of up to 20%, most primary care physicians are not aware of this disease process and thus have been unable to recognize patients with CI. This case series describes three family medicine clinic patients who had multisystem symptoms that were triggered by chemical exposures, saw multiple specialists with no improvement, who were eventually diagnosed with CI and went through a behaviorally based avoidance education program. This report describes the impact of a coordinated educational intervention for patients with CI. We offer several educational tools for health practitioners to discuss with their patients. These patient stories highlight the importance for physicians to be knowledgeable about CI in order to facilitate symptom reduction and improve the quality of life for these patients.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"202 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139799710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical assessment and patient education of chemical intolerance","authors":"Tharani Ravi, Yajaira Johnson-Esparza, Jessica Hernandez, Nehman Andry, Fozia Ali, Maria Del Pilar Montanez Villacampa, Rudolfo Rincon, Roger B. Perales, Raymond F. Palmer","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20240310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20240310","url":null,"abstract":"Chemical intolerance (CI) is characterized by multi-system symptoms initiated by a one-time high dose or persistent low-dose exposure to environmental toxicants. Symptoms of this “medically unexplained illness” often include fatigue, headache, weakness, rash, mood changes, musculoskeletal pain, gastrointestinal, difficulties with memory, concentration, and respiratory problems. A general disease mechanism called toxicant-induced loss of tolerance (TILT) explains the initiation, symptoms, and intolerances to chemicals, foods, and medicines reported worldwide by individuals with this condition. TILT is a 2-stage disease process initiated by a major chemical exposure, or a series of low-level exposures, followed by multisystem symptoms and onset of new intolerances. Despite its prevalence of up to 20%, most primary care physicians are not aware of this disease process and thus have been unable to recognize patients with CI. This case series describes three family medicine clinic patients who had multisystem symptoms that were triggered by chemical exposures, saw multiple specialists with no improvement, who were eventually diagnosed with CI and went through a behaviorally based avoidance education program. This report describes the impact of a coordinated educational intervention for patients with CI. We offer several educational tools for health practitioners to discuss with their patients. These patient stories highlight the importance for physicians to be knowledgeable about CI in order to facilitate symptom reduction and improve the quality of life for these patients.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"117 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139859609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orthodontic bracket bonding techniques and adhesion failures","authors":"E. H. Almoabady, Reem Mohammed Alkahtani, Noura Fahad Alotaibi, Mona Abdulmohsen Alsuli, Amera Saud Alonazi, Badriah Ayed Alanazi, Sara Ahmed Madani, Sara Abdulaziz Bin Ghadeer, Hawraa Mohammad Alabbad, Lulwa Ali Al Wahbi, Mohammed Abdullah Alqahtani","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20240018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20240018","url":null,"abstract":"The introduction of glass ionomer cements in orthodontics aimed to address the drawbacks of the acid-etch technique using composite resins, including demineralization, enamel damage, and potential allergic reactions. These cements release fluoride over time, potentially protecting against demineralization. Glass ionomer cements, despite their benefits in reducing adhesive residue and protecting against demineralization, showed higher bond failure rates compared to composite resins. This is attributed to their sensitivity to application techniques and moisture, along with a delayed setting time. In contrast, light-cured composite resins, preferred over chemically-cured resins in recent years, offer advantages such as ease of use, consistent handling, and controlled setting. However, early trials indicated higher bond failure rates for light-cured resins, a finding not consistently replicated in later studies. While glass ionomer cements offer certain advantages, their higher bond failure rate poses a significant limitation. Light-cured composite resins, with their user-friendly characteristics, have become the preferred choice in orthodontic bonding despite initial concerns about higher bond failure rates.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139530866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term maintenance and complications of fixed dental prostheses","authors":"H. Binhuraib, Sundus Saad Alqarni, Nagam Mohammed Mohsen, Abeer Ahmad Alharbi, Ahmed Ibrahim Alghamdi, Adeeb Maseer Almotairi, Abdulrahman Hussain Alhussain, R. Felemban, Anwar Salem Alzahrani, Ehdaa Sameer Eyouni, R. Alhajjaji","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20240019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20240019","url":null,"abstract":"Fixed dental prostheses (FDPs), commonly known as dental bridges, play a pivotal role in restorative dentistry, offering patients a means to regain oral function and aesthetics in cases of tooth loss. These prosthetic devices, anchored to natural teeth or dental implants, bridge the gap created by missing teeth, improving chewing, speech, and smile aesthetics. However, the successful deployment of FDPs requires not only their initial placement but also long-term maintenance and an understanding of potential complications. Effective oral hygiene, regular dental surveillance, and professional dental cleanings are essential for preserving FDP longevity. Vigilance is crucial as FDPs, while resistant to cavities themselves, can pose challenges in cleaning around abutment teeth. Complications, including dental caries, periodontal issues, crown or bridge fractures, abutment tooth deterioration, aesthetic alterations, sensory sensitivity, and even prosthetic failure, are potential concerns. Timely intervention and preventive measures are key to addressing these issues. When complications arise, dental practitioners can often repair superficial problems like crown fractures. Profound or recurrent complications may require more extensive interventions, such as fabricating a new bridge or considering alternative restorative options like dental implants or removable partial dentures. By embracing these principles of maintenance and management, patients can optimize the durability and functionality of their FDPs while minimizing associated risks, ensuring a healthy and confident smile for years to come.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"20 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139531369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep quality among family medicine physicians before and during COVID-19 in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","authors":"E. A. Alshafei, Afnan Alsulami, A. Alqurashi, Hanan Salahuddin, Hanin Al luhaibi, Meshal Albaqami, Zahra Mohammad Ali Banat, Muna Aysan Alzahrani, Rehab Almutairi, Nojoud Althoubaity, Walaa Alzubaidi","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20240017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20240017","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study aimed to assess the sleep quality of family medicine physicians before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, and to explore the associations between sleep quality and various demographic and health-related factors.\u0000Methods: A total of 109 family medicine physicians participated in this cross-sectional study. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) was utilized to evaluate sleep quality, encompassing seven components: subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, sleep efficiency, sleep disturbance, use of sleep medication, and daytime dysfunction. Data were collected asking questions regarding both before and during the pandemic period. Descriptive statistics, paired-sample t-tests, and Chi-square tests were used for data analysis.\u0000Results: The study revealed significant changes in sleep quality components before and during the pandemic. While sleep latency and sleep duration improved, sleep disturbance, use of sleep medication, and daytime dysfunction worsened during the pandemic. The overall global PSQI score indicated a decline in sleep quality during the pandemic. Females reported poorer sleep quality than males. Participants with general anxiety disorder, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension experienced worse sleep quality. Other demographic and health-related factors exhibited mixed associations with sleep quality.\u0000Conclusions: The study highlights the nuanced impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the sleep quality of family medicine physicians. The observed changes in sleep quality components and their associations with various factors underscore the need for tailored interventions to address sleep disturbances among healthcare professionals. These findings contribute to a comprehensive understanding of sleep quality dynamics in the context of a global crisis and emphasize the significance of promoting well-being among healthcare providers for enhanced patient care.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"20 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139534496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A mother's deficiency, a baby's challenge: vitamin B12 deficiency-related seizures and pancytopenia in an infant","authors":"Ana Rebelo, Margarida Serôdio, Francisco Branco Caetano, Andreia Gomes Pereira, Raquel Maia","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20240011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20240011","url":null,"abstract":"Anemia is prevalent in pediatric age and it stems from diverse factors. While iron deficiency is a common cause above six months of age, other nutritional deficits contribute to the disease burden. During pregnancy, anemia due to nutritional deficits is associated with adverse outcomes for the newborn. Precise diagnosis of dietary deficits in the pediatric population is vital to avert negative health consequences. We describe the case of a six-month-old exclusively breastfed infant with a mother having unspecified anemia under folic acid supplementation. The infant presented with neurological symptoms, including paroxysmal events and developmental regression. Laboratory analysis revealed pancytopenia and severe vitamin B12 deficiency. The patient’s mother's serum level of vitamin B12 was also low and ant parietal cell antibodies were positive, suggesting maternal autoimmune gastritis. Treatment with hydroxocobalamin led to clinical and analytical improvement. Maternal deficiency is the major cause of cobalamin deficiency in infants. It is paramount to raise awareness to this issue to prevent its avoidable repercussions.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139447253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}