Infectious diseases (London, England)最新文献

{"title":"Carbapenemase production and in-hospital mortality associated with multidrug-resistant bacteria: a retrospective study conducted in Granada, Spain.","authors":"Pablo Redruello-Guerrero, Nicolás Francisco Fernández-Martínez, Cristina García-Marín, Luis Miguel Martín-delosReyes, Nicola Lorusso, Carlos Millán-Cachinero, María Del Carmen Valero-Ubierna, Mario Rivera-Izquierdo","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2457535","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2457535","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR) represent a significant global health concern and vary in specific settings. Spain reported several annual deaths attributed to MDR bacteria, mainly carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We aimed to characterise the incidence and temporal trends of MDR bacterial infections or colonisations reported within the province of Granada (data from five hospitals), and to investigate factors linked to clinical vulnerability.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted an observational retrospective study (2014-2022) using the Andalusian Epidemiological Surveillance System. We employed descriptive, bivariate analyses and geographical mapping. Multivariable logistic regression models were adjusted to identify factors associated with (1) carbapenemase-production and (2) in-hospital mortality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 1482 patients. The main microorganisms identified were <i>Klebsiella spp.</i>, <i>Escherichia spp</i>. and <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>. Carbapenemases were detected in 23% of cases, and were associated with higher in-hospital mortality rates (OR: 1.92; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.31-2.81) and male sex (OR: 1.50; 95% CI: 1.01-2.23). The overall in-hospital mortality rate was estimated at 18.1%. Infections caused by <i>A. baumannii</i> (OR: 2.11; 95% CI: 1.41-3.13) or carbapenemase-producing <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (OR: 2.11; 95% CI: 1.28-3.45) were associated with increased mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings contribute to our understanding of the characteristics associated with carbapenemase-producing and early mortality resulting from MDR bacteria. This study offers insights into the factors associated with clinical vulnerability, which may improve future preventive measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"542-550"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143054369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 infection in inborn errors of immunity and their phenocopies: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Saba Fekrvand, Kiarash Saleki, Hassan Abolhassani, Amir Almasi-Hashiani, Ali Hakimelahi, Nikan Zargarzadeh, Mir Saeed Yekaninejad, Nima Rezaei","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2483339","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2483339","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) are congenital disorders of the immune system. Due to impaired immune system, they are at a higher risk to develop a more severe COVID-19 course compared to general population.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Herein, we aimed to systematically review various aspects of IEI patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, we performed a meta-analysis to determine the frequency of COVID-19 in patients with different IEI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Embase, Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus were searched introducing terms related to IEI and COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>3646 IEI cases with a history of COVID-19 infection were enrolled. The majority of patients had critical infections (1013 cases, 27.8%). The highest frequency of critical and severe cases was observed in phenocopies of IEI (95.2%), defects in intrinsic and innate immunity (69.4%) and immune dysregulation (23.9%). 446 cases (12.2%) succumbed to the disease and the highest mortality was observed in IEI phenocopies (34.6%). COVID-19 frequency in immunodeficient patients was 11.9% (95% CI: 8.3 to 15.5%) with innate immunodeficiency having the highest COVID-19 frequency [34.1% (12.1 to 56.0%)]. COVID-19 case fatality rate among IEI patients was estimated as 5.4% (95% CI: 3.5-8.3%, <i>n</i> = 8 studies, I2 = 17.5%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>IEI with underlying defects in specific branches of the immune system responding to RNA virus infection experience a higher frequency and mortality of COVID-19 infection. Increasing awareness about these entities and underlying genetic defects, adherence to prophylactic strategies and allocating more clinical attention to these patients could lead to a decrease in COVID-19 frequency and mortality in these patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"483-517"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143782183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 variants and mutations in Central Sweden between 2023 and 2024 and their potential implications on monoclonal antibodies pemivibart and sipavibart as PrEP in the region.","authors":"Jonathan Haars, Frans Wallin, Karin Elfving, Anna-Karin Jonsson, Patrik Ellström, Paula Mölling, Johan Lindh, Hong Yin, Martin Sundqvist, René Kaden, Navaneethan Palanisamy, Johan Lennerstrand","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2509011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23744235.2025.2509011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are an important option against SARS-CoV-2, especially as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for patients with immune system impairment. PrEP mAbs like sipavibart and pemivibart have been approved for limited use in several countries. Certain SARS-CoV-2 variants carry mutations in the spike (S) protein, conferring resistance to these mAbs.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We aimed to examine the relative abundance of different circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants/mutations in central Sweden between 2023 and 2024, and to predict the effectiveness of sipavibart and pemivibart.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An amplicon-based Nanopore sequencing method was used for sequencing SARS-CoV-2 samples. Coronapp was used to identify mutations in these sequences. Using the published <i>in vitro</i> resistance data for sipavibart and pemivibart, the effectiveness of these mAbs was inferred.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We have observed that the relative abundance of the KP.3.1.1 variant and the Q493E mutation started to increase in the later part of 2024 in the region. Also, since April 2024, the relative abundance of the F456L mutation reached 100% during many weeks until the end of the study period. The KP.3.1.1 variant is significantly resistant to pemivibart. Further, the presence of the F456L mutation in the Omicron subvariants confers high fold resistance towards sipavibart.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The use of sipavibart or pemivibart as PrEP for COVID-19 in the region may currently not be effective unless new SARS-CoV-2 variants appear not containing these resistance mutations. Further, new mAbs under development as PrEP for COVID-19 can be effectively used by routinely sequencing SARS-CoV-2 in patients to identify variants and resistance mutations.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144144743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accuracy of extended point-of-care lung ultrasound (EPLUS) for aetiological differentiation of lower respiratory tract infections: a prospective cohort study from India.","authors":"Lisa C Ruby, Stefan F Weber, Rajagopal Kadavigere, Raviraj Vedavyasa Acharya, Rahul Magazine, Barkur Ananthakrishna Shastry, Sowmya Joylin, Ayten Sultanli, Tom Heller, Kavitha Saravu, Sabine Bélard","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2495708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23744235.2025.2495708","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Infectious respiratory diseases significantly cause morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) with limited diagnostic resources. This study explored the utility of lung ultrasound (LUS) paired with extra-pulmonary point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) for differentiating infectious aetiologies in lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective cohort study was conducted at a tertiary care centre in India. We recruited consenting adults with suspected LRTI who underwent extended point-of-care lung ultrasound (EPLUS). The protocol included thoracic and abdominal views assessing for lung consolidations and B-lines, pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, focal splenic lesions, and abdominal lymphadenopathy and correlated these with patients' final diagnoses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 322 participants in our analysis cohort, which had a notable prevalence of previously existing chronic lung conditions (21%) and an HIV-prevalence of 5%. Infectious lung disease was identified in 48% of patients, comprising 35% with non-TB LRTI and 13% with TB. Non-infectious lung disease was present in 21% of patients. LUS detected consolidations in 75% and >3 B-lines in 72% of participants. LUS findings were mostly non-specific and prevalent across both infectious and non-infectious conditions. Extra-pulmonary ultrasound findings, such as pericardial effusion and splenic lesions, findings common in disseminated tuberculosis, were rare.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study highlights the high sensitivity of LUS for detecting pulmonary changes but revealed low specificity to differentiate pulmonary conditions, especially in the presence of pre-existing comorbidities. Future research should explore the accuracy of combinations of clinical characteristics and ultrasound findings in algorithmic approaches, which may improve diagnostics in resource-limited settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144121627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association of oral polio vaccine doses and severity of paralysis: an analysis of wild poliovirus type 1 cases in Pakistan.","authors":"Mohammed Soghaier, Zainul Abedin Khan, Nada Mutahar Taqi, Mukhtiar Hussain Bhayo, Faisal Rashid Lodhi, Abdu R Rahman","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2503467","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2503467","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1) transmission persists in Pakistan, with cases increasing from 6 in 2023 to 56 by November 2024, highlighting critical challenges in polio eradication efforts. The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between bivalent oral polio vaccine (bOPV) doses and the severity of paralysis in the confirmed WPV1 cases in Pakistan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analysed all confirmed WPV1 cases reported in Pakistan from January 1, 2024, to November 15, 2024. Bivariate analyses were first conducted to explore initial associations. Firth, logistic regression models were then employed to evaluate the strength of these associations while adjusting for potential confounders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher bOPV doses were significantly associated with a lower risk of severe paralysis in both univariate analysis (OR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.60-0.93, <i>p</i> = 0.009) and after adjustment for age and sex (OR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.59-0.97, <i>p</i> = 0.026). For residual paralysis after 60 days of onset, univariate analysis showed a significant association (OR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.61-0.97, <i>p</i> = 0.026); however, this association was no longer statistically significant after adjustment (OR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.64-1.05, <i>p</i> = 0.115).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study found a significant association between higher bOPV dose count and reduced paralysis severity in confirmed WPV1 cases. These findings suggest that bOPV may help to moderate the severity of paralysis, in addition to preventing WPV1 infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144113020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics and outcomes of patients with infective native aortic aneurysm or vascular graft and endograft infection.","authors":"Lucas Lalevée, Malikov Sergueï, Elodie Jeanbert, Maïa Simon, Amandine Luc, Nicla Settembre, Sandrine Hénard, Emmanuel Novy, Philippe Guerci, Benjamin Lefèvre","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2502826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23744235.2025.2502826","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Infections of the aorta and its branches can occur either in native tissue, known as infective native aortic aneurysms (INAAs), or following vascular surgery involving native or prosthetic grafts, referred to as vascular graft or endograft infections (VGEIs).</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>First, this study aimed to assess the all-cause on-year mortality of patients with INAAs and VGEIs. Second, this study described patients' characteristics and prognostic factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This observational study included patients hospitalised for INAA or VGEI, between 2014 and 2022, at Nancy University Hospital (France). Data were retrospectively collected from patients' medical record (ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT05660733).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-seven patients were included in the INAAs group versus 40 in the VGEIs group. A history of immunosuppression or autoimmune disease were more frequent in INAAs patients. VGEIs patients had more chronic organ failure or cardiovascular pathology. The most commonly affected site was the infrarenal aorta, with thoracic involvement being more frequent in the INAAs group. <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> was the most frequent identified pathogen (38.3% vs. 27.5%). There was no significant difference between groups in terms of all-cause 1-year mortality (40.4% in the INAAs group vs. 32.5% in the VGEIs group, log-rank test, <i>p</i> = .4803). The absence of surgery worsened the prognosis in the overall population (HR 2.8, 95% CI [1.2-6.3], <i>p</i> = .0125); this was also observed in the INAA group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite different comorbidities and clinical presentations between groups, there was no significant difference in 1-year mortality. Surgical management appeared to be associated with improved outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144082600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Area-related sociodemographic factors and the risk of severe COVID-19: a longitudinal study of the total adult population in Sweden.","authors":"Henrik Mellström Dahlgren, Huiqi Li, Leif Dotevall, Fredrik Nyberg","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2503466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23744235.2025.2503466","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>For public health purposes, it is essential to understand which population groups and their areas of residence are affected by a disease as COVID-19 and to what extent these groups are reached by preventive measures.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We investigated how individual-level and area-level characteristics are associated with COVID-19 morbidity and vaccine uptake.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A population-based observational study including the total adult population age 18 and older in Sweden from 1 January 2020 to 1 April 2022, except individuals living in nursing homes. Associations between both individual and area-level characteristics and COVID-19 morbidity (hospitalisation, admission to intensive care unit and death) and vaccine uptake were analysed using Cox proportional hazards regression and adjusted for age, sex, comorbidity and socioeconomic and demographic factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the fully adjusted model, the hazard ratio (HR) for COVID-19 hospitalisation was 34% lower for individuals living in the most affluent neighbourhoods (HR 0.66, 95%CI 0.63-0.68) compared to individuals in the most deprived neighbourhoods. For intensive care unit (ICU)-admission and COVID-19 death, the risks were 53% (HR 0.47, 95%CI 0.42-0.53) and 47% (HR 0.53, 95%CI 0.48-0.59) lower, respectively. When stratified by cross-classified sociodemographics, this pattern was consistent within all strata. A composite area-level measurement had a better predictive value compared to single measures.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Living in deprived neighbourhoods is associated with substantially higher risk of COVID-19 hospitalisation, ICU-admission, mortality and lower vaccine uptake. This risk factor remained strong even when taking individual level characteristics into account and within strata of individual-level factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144082596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trough levels of dalbavancin during long-term treatment of prosthetic joint infections.","authors":"Bo Söderquist, Max Möller, Samira Salihovic","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2499144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23744235.2025.2499144","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Dalbavancin is a lipoglycopeptide with an exceptionally long half-life that allows simplified administration, which may be of value in long-term treatment of bone and joint infections, such as prosthetic joint infections (PJIs). The objective was to determine trough (<i>C</i>_min) values of dalbavancin during long-term PJI treatment according to the recommendation of the Swedish National Guidelines for Bone and Joint Infections: a loading dose of 1,500 mg on day 1 and another 1,500 mg on days 8-14, followed by day 28 administration of 1,000 mg every two weeks or 500 mg per week.</p><p><strong>Patients/methods: </strong>Twelve patients with PJI treated with at least six doses of dalbavancin were prospectively followed up, serum samples were collected, and renal function was investigated. Dalbavancin concentrations were measured using ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography coupled with unispray tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median serum concentration (<i>C</i>_min) 14 days after the first 1,500 mg dose was 36.3 mg/L (range: 6.6-62.4 mg/L). The median trough value at the date of the last given dose (1,000 mg) after a total of 6-7 doses was 53.6 mg/L (range: 32.0-97.5 mg/L). Three patients showed a tendency towards successive accumulation of dalbavancin during treatment. None of the patients showed any significant impairment in renal function.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Therapeutic drug monitoring during long-term dalbavancin treatment is recommended to avoid the risk of accumulation and unnecessarily high trough levels. In many cases, such monitoring can allow the dosing interval to be extended.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144025283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of acute undifferentiated febrile illness and acute encephalitis syndrome cases in Northern India: a prospective observational study.","authors":"Pooja Bhardwaj, Ritesh Kumar, Sthita Pragnya Behera, Nalini Mishra, Rajeev Singh, Imbesat Fatma, Ashutosh Tiwari, Moni Kumari, Aishwarya Shukla, Sonal Rajput, Nirbhay Singh, Krishna Kumar Pandey, Rajni Kant, Manoj Murhekar, Hari Shanker Joshi, Gaurav Raj Dwivedi","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2498426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23744235.2025.2498426","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Acute undifferentiated febrile illness (AUFI) and acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) continue to be major public health concerns, particularly in rural areas with limited healthcare facility. We investigated the aetiological agents responsible for seasonal sporadic AUFI and AES cases in Northern India.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The study included 4200 patient samples (April 2022 to March 2024), fulfilling the AUFI or AES case definition. Clinical samples were tested for IgM antibodies against dengue, chikungunya, Japanese encephalitis, scrub typhus, and leptospirosis. Further, <i>Leptospira</i> IgM ELISA positives (<i>n</i> = 79) were also tested by microscopic agglutination test (MAT) assay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In AUFI cases, scrub typhus was the predominant bacterial aetiology (24.6%, 593/2407) followed by leptospirosis (12.4%, 266/2151). Dengue (23.0%, 321/1398) was the leading cause among viral aetiologies. Similarly, among AES cases, scrub typhus (36% in cerebrospinal fluid and 34.3% in serum) remained the most common bacterial aetiology followed by leptospirosis (5.42%, 11/203). Whereas, chikungunya was the predominant viral cause (5.4%, 17/314) behind AES cases. Further, using MAT assay, 7.6% (6/79) of the AUFI samples tested positive for leptospirosis. The prevalent serogroups identified included <i>L. interrogans</i> serovars Australis, Pomona, Hebdomadis, Pyrogenes and Djasiman, and <i>L. borgpetersnii</i> serovar Tarassovi. Housewives constituted the primary risk group for leptospirosis infection, followed by individuals engaged in various farming practices.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study identifies scrub typhus as the predominant and leptospirosis as the second most common infection in sporadic cases of AUFI and AES. Therefore, continuous monitoring of changing aetiologies is crucial for the effective implementation of targeted control and preventive measures for neglected tropical diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144047917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of septic arthritis diagnosis and disease characteristics in West Sweden.","authors":"Hanna Alexandersson, Mats Dehlin, Tao Jin","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2492606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23744235.2025.2492606","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to validate the septic arthritis diagnosis using International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 codes against the Newman criteria. Additionally, the study presents disease characteristics and compares subgroups.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>475 patients with an ICD-10 code for septic arthritis were identified at a university (<i>n</i> = 265) and a county (<i>n</i> = 167) hospital in West Sweden between 2016 and 2019. Medical records were analysed for adherence to the Newman criteria. Clinical data and culture results were compared between the university hospital and the county hospital, as well as between subgroups categorised by the pathogenetic route of infection, including direct inoculation and haematogenous spread infection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>91% of the patients fulfilled the Newman criteria (52% positive for synovial culture or PCR, 24% positive culture from blood or elsewhere, and 24% with radiological evidence or turbid synovial fluid). The patient population was predominantly male (62%), with a median age of 69 years, and the knee was the most commonly affected joint (39%). <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> emerged as the predominant pathogen across all patient groups. 80% had a haematogenous spread septic arthritis, while 20% resulted from direct inoculation. In the haematogenous spread groups, patients were older, with fewer males, but higher CRP levels compared to those in the direct inoculation group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ICD-10 codes for septic arthritis have a positive predictive value of 91% in relation to the Newman criteria in Swedish hospital care, making the utilisation of ICD-10 codes a reliable data source for future epidemiological studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144054212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}