Infectious diseases (London, England)最新文献

{"title":"Diagnostic and prognostic potential of plasma and sputum thrombomodulin in bacterial community-acquired pneumonia.","authors":"Helena Alpkvist, Simon Athlin, Anna Norrby-Teglund, Kristoffer Strålin","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2528957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23744235.2025.2528957","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Soluble thrombomodulin, a marker of endothelial cell injury, is released into the circulation during endothelial damage and has been observed at elevated concentrations in bacterial infections. This study aimed to investigate the correlation of thrombomodulin concentrations in plasma and sputum with disease severity and etiology in bacterial community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective study was conducted on adults hospitalized with radiologically confirmed bacterial CAP. Plasma and sputum samples were collected upon admission, and thrombomodulin concentrations were quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The study included a multivariate analysis to assess whether thrombomodulin concentrations were associated with disease severity and/or bacterial etiology.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 111 patients with bacterial CAP, including 15 with severe CAP (as defined by the American Thoracic Society/Infectious Diseases Society of America criteria) and 63 with pneumococcal etiology, thrombomodulin was measured in plasma in all patients and in sputum in 42 patients. Elevated plasma thrombomodulin concentrations were independently associated with severe CAP. Stratification by bacterial etiology showed that higher plasma thrombomodulin concentrations were linked to severe pneumonia only in patients with pneumococcal infection. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for detecting severe pneumococcal CAP was 0.87. Conversely, sputum thrombomodulin concentrations showed no association with disease severity or bacterial etiology.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Plasma thrombomodulin is a promising biomarker for identifying severe pneumococcal CAP. Sputum thrombomodulin did not correlate with disease severity or bacterial etiology. These findings support further investigation into the diagnostic and prognostic role of plasma thrombomodulin in bacterial infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144664119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinico-epidemiological determinants of severe dengue in an endemic district of coastal Karnataka.","authors":"S Nivetha, Ashwini Kumar, K Eshwari, Avinash Shetty, G K Adarsha, Kavitha Saravu","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2528132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23744235.2025.2528132","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dengue fever (DF) a significant public health challenge globally, with clinical manifestations ranging from mild symptoms to severe dengue.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To identify the clinico-epidemiological characteristics, management, and outcomes of severe dengue fever among inpatients of a tertiary care hospital.</p><p><strong>Settings and design: </strong>Prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital, Karnataka.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Study included all laboratory-confirmed adult dengue patients admitted to Departments of General Medicine and Infectious Diseases during the study period. Socio-demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected and analysed.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis used: </strong>Descriptive and analytical tests, including multiple logistic regression analyses, were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 443 patients, 70% were males. Fever (91.9%) and aches/pains (81.7%) were most frequently reported symptoms with thrombocytopenia (81.9%), elevated AST (81.2%), and ALT (73.3%) were commonly observed. Severe dengue was observed in 12.1% of patients, frequently accompanied by acute kidney injury (32.9%), hepatitis (29.4%), and multiple organ dysfunction (22.4%). Severe cases were associated with age over 60 (COR = 4.6; 95% CI:2.1-9.9), low education status (COR = 3.6; 95% CI:1.3-10.4), unskilled occupations (COR = 4.2; 95% CI:1.1-15.8), presence of co-morbidities (COR = 2.5; 95% CI:1.4-4.4) and co-infections (COR = 5.2;95% CI:2.7-9.8), and supportive treatment (COR = 3.9; 95% CI:2.1-7). Independent predictor for severity was coinfection (AOR = 15.6; 95% CI:3.9-61.7). Supportive care was received by 36.3% patients, with 97.5% showing improvement, while 1.6% succumbed to death.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study highlights the significant burden of severe dengue, stressing the importance of early detection, supportive care, and treatment of co-infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144621509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"External validation of the predictive ability of Charson, SOFA, Pitt, INCREMENT-ESBL and bloodstream infection mortality Risk for 30-day-mortality in bacteraemia using the PROBAC cohort data.","authors":"Sandra De la Rosa-Riestra, Belén Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez, Inmaculada López-Hernández, María Teresa Pérez-Rodríguez, Josune Goikoetxea Agirre, Antonio Plata, Eva León, María Carmen Fariñas Álvarez, Isabel Fernández-Natal, Jonathan Fernández-Suárez, Lucía Boix-Palop, Jordi Cuquet Pedragosa, Alfredo Jover-Sáenz, Juan Manuel Sánchez Calvo, Andrés Martín-Aspas, Clara Natera-Kindelán, Alfonso Del Arco-Jiménez, Pedro María Martínez Pérez-Crespo, Luis Eduardo López-Cortés, Jesús Rodríguez-Baño","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2527681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23744235.2025.2527681","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The development of predictive mortality scores for bacteraemia is fundamental for identifying patients in whom increasing our management efforts. However, it is necessary to assess the validity of the results obtained when they are applied to new cohorts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We evaluated the ability of different scales (Charlson, also age-adjusted Charlson and updated Charlson, SOFA, Pitt, INCREMENT-ESBL and BSIMRS) to predict 30-day mortality in bacteraemia through the AUROC and calibration plots. The scales were applied to specific patient from PROBAC cohort (prospective, multicentre with bacteraemia of any aetiology) according to the population in which the scale was originally developed. We also applied the recently developed PROBAC score (this time applied to the entire PROBAC cohort, rather than only to patients who did not die within 48 h of blood culture collection as in the original development of the scale).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After applying Charlson, age-adjusted Charlson, updated Charlson, SOFA, Pitt and PROBAC to the entire PROBAC cohort, we obtained AUROC values: 0.60 (95% CI: 0.58-0.62); 0.62 (95% CI: 0.60-0.64); 0.60 (95% CI: 0.58-0.62); 0.69 (95% CI: 0.66-0.71); 0.71 (95% CI: 0.69-0.82) and 0.80 (95% CI: 0.79-0.81), respectively. INCREMENT-ESBL was applied only to gram negative bacteraemia yielding 0.81 (95% CI: 0.79-0.82) and BSIMRS to gram negative bacteraemia who received adequate empirical antibiotic yielding 0.72 (95% CI: 0.70-0.75).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Scores that have been developed in bacteraemia cohorts and have been used for the prediction of short-term mortality were found to be better at predicting mortality in our analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144602442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time from migration to diagnosis and the proportion presenting late among diagnosed cases of chronic hepatitis B in Norway, 2008 to 2022.","authors":"Beatriz Valcarcel Salamanca, Asgeir Johannessen, Olav Dalgard, Ane-Kristine Finbråten, Robert Whittaker","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2530203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23744235.2025.2530203","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Early diagnosis of chronic hepatitis B virus (CHB) prevents onward transmission and liver disease progression. In Norway, CHB infections are concentrated among migrants from countries with a high CHB prevalence.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To calculate time from migration to diagnosis and proportion presenting late (a hospital consultation for end-stage liver disease within 24 months after CHB diagnosis) among diagnosed cases of CHB in Norway from 2008-2022.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We analysed linked national registry data and described each outcome by year, age, sex, region of residence and country of birth. We explored factors associated with time from migration to diagnosis in accelerated failure time models and presented adjusted time ratios (aTR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 10,542 cases of CHB, 273 (2.6%) presented late, with a higher proportion in older age groups (≥60 years: 11%). The median time from migration to diagnosis among 3,665 cases who migrated from 2008 onwards was 1.1 years (interquartile range: 0.3-3.1). Compared to cases from high-prevalence countries with a high proportion of refugees or asylum seekers to Norway, cases born in other high-prevalence countries (aTR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.26-1.50) or low-prevalence countries (aTR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.49-1.89) had a longer time from migration to diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Among persons diagnosed with CHB in Norway, 2-3% present with severe liver disease within 2 years of CHB diagnosis. Initiatives to improve testing strategies could focus on migrants from high-prevalence countries arriving for reasons other than refuge or who arrived several years ago but have not yet been tested.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144585691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimising risk assessment of emerging threats in Africa through real-time ADAMS surveillance: the case of mpox 2025 in Sierra Leone.","authors":"Francesco Branda, Massimo Ciccozzi, Fabio Scarpa","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2527683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23744235.2025.2527683","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144577141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tailoring ATS/IDSA community-acquired pneumonia guidelines to high-resistance settings: an antibiotic stewardship framework from Lebanon.","authors":"Rana Attieh, Joe Nahal, Rola Husni, Jacques E Mokhbat, Jamil Barhoun, Joumana Kmeid, Mona Youssef, Zahi Helou, Wael Zorkot, Dania Abdallah, Rima Moghnieh","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2527691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23744235.2025.2527691","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144565494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the <i>in vivo</i> efficacy and resistance development potential between cefiderocol and ceftolozane/tazobactam human simulated exposures against <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa in</i> 72-hour murine thigh infection model.","authors":"Aliaa Fouad, Samantha E Nicolau, Pranita D Tamma, Patricia J Simner, David P Nicolau, Christian M Gill","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2471822","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2471822","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> with difficult-to-treat resistance is a clinical burden. Ceftolozane/tazobactam is recommended for difficult-to-treat <i>P. aeruginosa</i> although cefiderocol represents an option due to its <i>in vitro</i> potency against isolates with ceftolozane/tazobactam-resistance. Head-to-head data assessing these compounds against difficult-to-treat <i>P. aeruginosa</i> are lacking.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess the efficacy and resistance development of cefiderocol and ceftolozane/tazobactam in a 72-h murine thigh infection model against five clinical difficult-to-treat <i>P. aeruginosa</i> isolates susceptible for both agents and previously developed resistance to ceftolozane/tazobactam in patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Human-simulating regimens of ceftolozane/tazobactam (2/1 g IV q8h) and cefiderocol (2 g IV q8h) were utilized. Efficacy was assessed as the change in bacterial density from starting inoculum and compared to translational endpoints of 1- and 2-log₁₀-kill. Development of resistance was defined as a post-exposure MIC increase greater than 4-fold dilutions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cefiderocol reached the 24h 1-log₁₀-kill endpoint in all isolates; however, ceftolozane/tazobactam reached same endpoint in 3/5 isolates. Cefiderocol reached 2-log₁₀-kill in all isolates by 48 h. Conversely, ceftolozane/tazobactam achieved same endpoint in four isolates by 72 h. In the cefiderocol and ceftolozane/tazobactam-treated groups 17% and 8% of the cultures displayed bacterial eradication after exposure to the human-simulating regimens which hinder MIC testing for those samples. Resistance was not detected for either antibiotic postexposure.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite susceptibility to both cefiderocol and ceftolozane/tazobactam, cefiderocol provided a more rapid kill profile and achieved a greater magnitude of bactericidal activity relative to ceftolozane/tazobactam. While frank resistance did not develop to either compound, differences in the rate and extent of kill were observed.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"658-668"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143560206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinetics of tick-borne encephalitis virus IgM antibody responses in serum and cerebrospinal fluid.","authors":"S Morgardt, T Bergström, K Mehlig, M Studahl, M Veje","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2473496","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2473496","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a viral disease primarily spread by ticks. The diagnosis is mainly based on detection of IgM and IgG antibodies against TBE virus (TBEV) in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The kinetics of TBEV IgM in the CSF is largely unexplored.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Our aim was to determine the duration and strength of the IgM antibody response in serum and CSF during and after previously diagnosed clinical TBE, and to investigate whether such antibody levels correlated with severity and residual symptoms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty-nine paired samples from serum and CSF of 31 TBE patients were analysed with the ReaScan TBE IgM test both in the emergency stage and during repeated follow-up visits for up to six years. Recovery was evaluated with Glasgow outcome scale (GOS), a global scale for assessing disability and social participation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At the first sampling, 30/31 patients were TBEV IgM positive in serum and 28/31 in CSF. In individual patients, IgM antibodies were detected in both body fluids up to one year after onset of disease. No association was found between IgM levels and disease severity. However, patients with better recovery at 3 months' follow-up had significantly higher levels of IgM in serum and CSF compared to patients with severe disability.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Detection of TBEV IgM antibodies facilitates early diagnosis and in cases where the IgM response is long-lasting, there is an opportunity for diagnosis later after onset of disease. Improved recovery after three months seems to be associated with stronger IgM response.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"676-686"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143694537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel IgM-based lateral flow assay for diagnosis of congenital Chagas disease.","authors":"Luz M Peverengo, Leandro E Peretti, Maria B Warszatska, Guillermo Moscatelli, Samanta Moroni, Nicolas Gonzalez, Claudio L A Berli, Jaime M Altcheh, Iván S Marcipar, Nazarena Pujato","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2468819","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2468819","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The diagnosis of congenital Chagas disease in newborns relies on the microhematocrit method which exhibits reduced sensitivity during the early stages of infection and quantitative PCR for <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i>, which is applied only in specialised centre due to its technical complexity. Consequently, the majority of congenital transmission cases are confirmed after an extended period of serological monitoring, resulting in delayed treatments and reduced cure rates. The need for new, accurate tests for the timely diagnosis of the disease in newborns is evident.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We developed a lateral flow assay based on IgM detection (IgM-LFA) using the novel chimeric antigen CP4, which have demonstrated high performance in IgM-ELISA, as previously reported by our group.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The accuracy of IgM-LFA was evaluated comparatively with IgM-ELISA using 28 serum samples from infants up to three months old, congenitally infected (<i>n</i> = 11) or non-infected (<i>n</i> = 17) with <i>T. cruzi</i>. Additionally, it was assessed for its agreement with microhematocrit and quantitative PCR, through estimating the Cohen's <i>Kappa</i> coefficient (<i>k</i>).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The IgM-LFA showed 100% specificity and 81.82% sensitivity and IgM-ELISA gave 100% specificity and sensitivity when evaluated against the standard algorithm diagnosis for congenital Chagas disease. Notably, the IgM-LFA identified two additional cases in relation to microhematocrit and showed a correlation of <i>k =</i> 0.84 with quantitative PCR, corresponding to almost perfect agreement with this molecular test.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results suggest that IgM-LFA has the potential to facilitate decentralised detection of congenital Chagas disease, contributing to the early and enhance detection of infected newborns.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"636-646"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143494757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Securitising science: the COVID-19 crisis and vaccine politics in Iran.","authors":"Saeid Ghavami","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2501603","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2501603","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"695-698"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144047918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}