Infectious diseases (London, England)最新文献

{"title":"Treatment uptake among individuals notified with HCV infection 1990-2022 in Sweden.","authors":"Caroline Gahrton, Martin Kåberg, Charlotte Lybeck, Karin Lindahl, Snehal Patil, Olav Dalgard, Soo Aleman, Ann-Sofi Duberg","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2569504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23744235.2025.2569504","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The WHO hepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination goal includes achieving ≥80% treatment coverage by 2030.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aims to assess Sweden's progress toward elimination by estimating national HCV treatment uptake and identifying associated factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This nationwide register-based study includes individuals notified with HCV infection in Sweden 1990-2022. Treatment uptake was defined as at least one dispensation of HCV treatment recorded in the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register (SPDR) by the end of 2023. As the SPDR was initiated in 2005, treatment uptake was specifically analyzed in individuals notified 2005-2022. Median time from notification to treatment was analyzed annually.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 29,815 included individuals, 24,007 (81%) had started treatment. Among notified 2005-2022, treatment uptake was 81% (13,155/16,241) by 2022 and 85% (13,548/15,930) by 2023. Factors associated with lower odds of treatment uptake were: amphetamine use diagnosis (adjusted odds ratio 0.71; 95% confidence interval 0.60-0.83), opioid use diagnosis (0.71; 0.60-0.84), combined amphetamine/opioid use diagnoses (0.75; 0.62-0.91), other drug use diagnoses (0.70; 0.60-0.81), coinfection with hepatitis B virus (0.54; 0.39-0.76), male sex (0.73; 0.67-0.81) and ≤9 years of education (0.81; 0.70-0.94). The odds were higher in individuals aged ≥60 (1.26; 1.10-1.44) years. Median time to treatment was 2.8 months (IQR 1.7-5.6) among individuals notified in 2022.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Sweden has reached the WHO treatment target, with treatment uptake ≥80%. In recent years, the median time to treatment has decreased to a few months. Continued efforts are needed to maintain this progress, particularly among people who inject drugs where HCV incidence remains high.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145253947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Narrow-spectrum antibiotics to male patients with acute cystitis - a retrospective longitudinal study.","authors":"Egill Snaebjörnsson Arnljots, Denny Björk, Gunnar Jacobsson, Peter Ulleryd, Ronny Gunnarsson, Christina Åhren, Pär-Daniel Sundvall","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2566723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23744235.2025.2566723","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A transition from fluoroquinolones to narrow-spectrum antibiotics in male patients with acute cystitis could reduce antibiotic resistance but may increase the incidence of complications. This study aimed to evaluate risks with choosing narrow spectrum-antibiotics in male patients with acute cystitis for the subsequent risks for complications (secondary events).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a cohort study of all male adult residents in Region Västra Götaland, Sweden followed for eight years representing 5.3 million male person years. Male patients aged ≥18 years with acute cystitis at least once from January 2012 to December 2019 (<i>n</i> = 38,864) were analysed with Odds Ratio (OR) and Number Needed to Harm (NNH) for using narrow-spectrum antibiotics versus broad-spectrum fluoroquinolones to cause secondary events within 30 days.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants suffered 58,402 acute cystitis and 13,300 secondary events. The mean age of participants was 67 years (SD 17, interquartile range 58-79). The risk of pyelonephritis was higher if treated with pivmecillinam (OR 1.3, <i>p</i> = 0.019, NNH 440) or nitrofurantoin (OR 1.6, <i>p</i> < 0.001, NNH 220) at the initial cystitis compared with fluoroquinolones. Non-serious secondary events, such as treatment failure or relapse/reinfection of acute cystitis, were more common if any antibiotic other than fluoroquinolones were prescribed (OR 1.5-2.4 and NNH 5.8-14).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Narrow-spectrum antibiotics for acute cystitis in male patients resulted in a very small increase in the incidence of pyelonephritis and a moderate increase in treatment failure or relapse/reinfection. In our opinion this does not motivate prescribing fluoroquinolones to all men with acute cystitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145226264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trough levels of dalbavancin during long-term treatment of prosthetic joint infections.","authors":"Bo Söderquist, Max Möller, Samira Salihovic","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2499144","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2499144","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Dalbavancin is a lipoglycopeptide with an exceptionally long half-life that allows simplified administration, which may be of value in long-term treatment of bone and joint infections, such as prosthetic joint infections (PJIs). The objective was to determine trough (<i>C</i>_min) values of dalbavancin during long-term PJI treatment according to the recommendation of the Swedish National Guidelines for Bone and Joint Infections: a loading dose of 1,500 mg on day 1 and another 1,500 mg on days 8-14, followed by day 28 administration of 1,000 mg every two weeks or 500 mg per week.</p><p><strong>Patients/methods: </strong>Twelve patients with PJI treated with at least six doses of dalbavancin were prospectively followed up, serum samples were collected, and renal function was investigated. Dalbavancin concentrations were measured using ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography coupled with unispray tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median serum concentration (<i>C</i>_min) 14 days after the first 1,500 mg dose was 36.3 mg/L (range: 6.6-62.4 mg/L). The median trough value at the date of the last given dose (1,000 mg) after a total of 6-7 doses was 53.6 mg/L (range: 32.0-97.5 mg/L). Three patients showed a tendency towards successive accumulation of dalbavancin during treatment. None of the patients showed any significant impairment in renal function.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Therapeutic drug monitoring during long-term dalbavancin treatment is recommended to avoid the risk of accumulation and unnecessarily high trough levels. In many cases, such monitoring can allow the dosing interval to be extended.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"913-919"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144025283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 XFG: a genomic insight into the new recombinant.","authors":"Francesco Branda, Massimo Ciccozzi, Fabio Scarpa","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2548552","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2548552","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"1017-1020"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144981339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of community-acquired pneumonia in immunocompetent adults: updated Swedish guidelines.","authors":"Martina Wahllöf, Jonas Hedlund, Anders Lundqvist, Anna C Nilsson, Malin Inghammar, Carl Spindler, Pontus Nauclér, Simon Athlin","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2543077","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2543077","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"979-1015"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144981256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 variants and mutations in Central Sweden between 2023 and 2024 and their potential implications on monoclonal antibodies pemivibart and sipavibart as PrEP in the region.","authors":"Jonathan Haars, Frans Wallin, Karin Elfving, Anna-Karin Jonsson, Patrik Ellström, Paula Mölling, Johan Lindh, Hong Yin, Martin Sundqvist, René Kaden, Navaneethan Palanisamy, Johan Lennerstrand","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2509011","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2509011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are an important option against SARS-CoV-2, especially as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for patients with immune system impairment. PrEP mAbs like sipavibart and pemivibart have been approved for limited use in several countries. Certain SARS-CoV-2 variants carry mutations in the spike (S) protein, conferring resistance to these mAbs.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We aimed to examine the relative abundance of different circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants/mutations in central Sweden between 2023 and 2024, and to predict the effectiveness of sipavibart and pemivibart.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An amplicon-based Nanopore sequencing method was used for sequencing SARS-CoV-2 samples. Coronapp was used to identify mutations in these sequences. Using the published <i>in vitro</i> resistance data for sipavibart and pemivibart, the effectiveness of these mAbs was inferred.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We have observed that the relative abundance of the KP.3.1.1 variant and the Q493E mutation started to increase in the later part of 2024 in the region. Also, since April 2024, the relative abundance of the F456L mutation reached 100% during many weeks until the end of the study period. The KP.3.1.1 variant is significantly resistant to pemivibart. Further, the presence of the F456L mutation in the Omicron subvariants confers high fold resistance towards sipavibart.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The use of sipavibart or pemivibart as PrEP for COVID-19 in the region may currently not be effective unless new SARS-CoV-2 variants appear not containing these resistance mutations. Further, new mAbs under development as PrEP for COVID-19 can be effectively used by routinely sequencing SARS-CoV-2 in patients to identify variants and resistance mutations.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"956-965"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144144743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Avian influenza outbreak in Cambodia: a public health concern.","authors":"Muhammad Abdullah Ali, Alishba Hameed, Umama Alam, Zaryab Bacha, Ahmad Khan, Sangeen Khan","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2540987","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2540987","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"975-976"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144755273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes of a paediatric antimicrobial stewardship program in the Emergency Department observation unit of a hospital in Spain.","authors":"Paloma Suárez-Casillas, Germán Peñalva, Ana Belén Guisado-Gil, Blanca González de Boado, Ángela Hurtado-Mingo, Jose Molina, Marta Mejías-Trueba, José Antonio Lepe, José Miguel Cisneros, María Jesús Sánchez-Álvarez","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2512388","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2512388","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In paediatric emergency departments the use of empirical antimicrobials is very common, even though most infections are caused by viruses, resulting in misuse of antimicrobials. We aimed to assess the impact of a comprehensive antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) on the optimisation of antimicrobial prescribing and clinical outcomes in a paediatric Emergency Department Observation Unit (EDOU).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A quasi-experimental before-and-after longitudinal study was conducted at the EDOU of a paediatric hospital, over 24 quarters from January 2017 to December 2023, excluding 2020 due to the pandemic and the phase-in period. The ASP intervention included the development and implementation of clinical guidelines, rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), and staff stabilisation. Data on antimicrobial use and clinical outcomes, such as revisits within 72 h and hospital admissions, were collected and analysed using Bayesian structural time series models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 33,799 patients transferred to the EDOU. Mean antimicrobial consumption significantly decreased from 46.5 ± 12.9 pre-intervention defined daily doses (DDDs) per 100 patients transferred to the Observation Unit (TOs) to 20.1 ± 3.0 DDDs per 100 TOs in the intervention period (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). Significant reductions were observed for amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, amoxicillin, and azithromycin. The percentage of revisits and hospital admissions remained stable for the whole period.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The implementation of ASP measures improved antimicrobial prescribing in the paediatric EDOU. These findings support the need for continued efforts in ASP, emphasising the development and implementation of guidelines, RDTs, and staff stabilisation.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"966-974"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144217724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cholera resurgence in Odisha: a public Health emergency demanding urgent action.","authors":"Shree Rath","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2544826","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2544826","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"1016"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144818436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association of oral polio vaccine doses and severity of paralysis: an analysis of wild poliovirus type 1 cases in Pakistan.","authors":"Mohammed Soghaier, Zainul Abedin Khan, Nada Mutahar Taqi, Mukhtiar Hussain Bhayo, Faisal Rashid Lodhi, Abdu R Rahman","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2503467","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2503467","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1) transmission persists in Pakistan, with cases increasing from 6 in 2023 to 56 by November 2024, highlighting critical challenges in polio eradication efforts. The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between bivalent oral polio vaccine (bOPV) doses and the severity of paralysis in the confirmed WPV1 cases in Pakistan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analysed all confirmed WPV1 cases reported in Pakistan from January 1, 2024, to November 15, 2024. Bivariate analyses were first conducted to explore initial associations. Firth, logistic regression models were then employed to evaluate the strength of these associations while adjusting for potential confounders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher bOPV doses were significantly associated with a lower risk of severe paralysis in both univariate analysis (OR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.60-0.93, <i>p</i> = 0.009) and after adjustment for age and sex (OR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.59-0.97, <i>p</i> = 0.026). For residual paralysis after 60 days of onset, univariate analysis showed a significant association (OR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.61-0.97, <i>p</i> = 0.026); however, this association was no longer statistically significant after adjustment (OR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.64-1.05, <i>p</i> = 0.115).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study found a significant association between higher bOPV dose count and reduced paralysis severity in confirmed WPV1 cases. These findings suggest that bOPV may help to moderate the severity of paralysis, in addition to preventing WPV1 infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"948-955"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144113020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}