Infectious diseases (London, England)最新文献

Genome-based analyses of SARS-CoV-2 NB.1.8.1 variant reveals its low potential. SARS-CoV-2 NB.1.8.1变异的基因组分析显示其潜力低。

Infectious diseases (London, England) Pub Date : 2025-06-17 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2025.2517365

Francesco Branda, Massimo Ciccozzi, Fabio Scarpa

引用次数: 0

Measures against SARS-CoV-2 in Sweden were more efficient against rhinovirus infections in older adults than in children: a molecular epidemiology perspective. 瑞典针对SARS-CoV-2的措施对老年人鼻病毒感染比儿童更有效：分子流行病学的观点。

Infectious diseases (London, England) Pub Date : 2025-06-13 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2025.2516656

Marianela Patzi-Churqui, Hao Wang, Timur Tunovic, Fredy Saguti, Karolina Rembeck, Kristina Nyström, Magnus Lindh, Heléne Norder

{"title":"Measures against SARS-CoV-2 in Sweden were more efficient against rhinovirus infections in older adults than in children: a molecular epidemiology perspective.","authors":"Marianela Patzi-Churqui, Hao Wang, Timur Tunovic, Fredy Saguti, Karolina Rembeck, Kristina Nyström, Magnus Lindh, Heléne Norder","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2516656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23744235.2025.2516656","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are a major global health concern, particularly for children and the elderly. Although rhinoviruses are the primary pathogens causing ARIs, their epidemiology during reduced population mobility and behavioral changes is not well understood. This study aimed to assess whether the Swedish COVID-19 measures changed the epidemiology of Rhinovirus and ARI-causing viruses other than SARS-CoV-2 in the western part of Sweden in 2020.Methods: A total of 13,791 nasopharyngeal samples from ARI-patients were analyzed for 19 different viruses and bacteria by qPCR. Of the 3,607 samples positive for any virus, 2,018 were positive for rhinovirus (RV) and enterovirus (EV), and 106 contained adenoviruses. Among the EV/RV reactive samples, 249 strains were typed using partial sequencing of 5'UTR and 204 by VP1 or VP4-VP2.Results: After week 12 when the interventions were implemented, most of the ARI-causing viruses were EV/RV and adenoviruses, besides SARS-CoV-2. In September-October 2020, an outbreak caused by RV-A strains predominantly infected children younger than 13 years and individuals within the age range of their parents. RV-A strains were identified in 118 of 242 (49%) RV-positive samples, followed by RV-C (36%) and RV-B (10%). Before the first wave of SARS-CoV-2, a RV-C outbreak affected all age groups.Conclusions: This study shows that the moderate Swedish interventions against SARS-CoV-2 were more effective against the spread of ARI-causing virus among adults over 56 years than among young children. These results suggest the need for new strategies for preventing the spread of ARI pathogens like RV and EV, which cause disease in all age groups and can lead to large outbreaks.","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144289768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Increased immune activation in people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy but not when compared with persons on HIV preexposure prophylaxis. 接受抗逆转录病毒治疗的艾滋病毒感染者免疫激活增加，但与接受艾滋病毒暴露前预防的人相比没有增加。

Infectious diseases (London, England) Pub Date : 2025-06-11 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2025.2515157

Josefina Robertson, Arvid Edén, Aylin Yilmaz, Lars-Magnus Andersson, Lars Hagberg, Kristina Nyström, Staffan Nilsson, Carl-Johan Treutiger, Petra Tunbäck, Johanna M Gostner, Henrik Zetterberg, Magnus Gisslén

{"title":"Increased immune activation in people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy but not when compared with persons on HIV preexposure prophylaxis.","authors":"Josefina Robertson, Arvid Edén, Aylin Yilmaz, Lars-Magnus Andersson, Lars Hagberg, Kristina Nyström, Staffan Nilsson, Carl-Johan Treutiger, Petra Tunbäck, Johanna M Gostner, Henrik Zetterberg, Magnus Gisslén","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2515157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23744235.2025.2515157","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Residual immune activation is common in people living with HIV (PWH) despite antiretroviral therapy (ART) and may be associated with HIV-specific, as well as lifestyle-related factors.Objective: We aimed to investigate markers of immune activation and neuronal injury in PWH on ART compared with controls with similar lifestyle.Methods: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood were collected from 50 men who have sex with men (MSM) with HIV on ART, 50 HIV-negative MSM on preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP), and 25 HIV-negative controls without PrEP. β2-microglobulin, neopterin, and neurofilament light protein (NfL) were analyzed. Cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus-2 serostatus, as well as sexually transmitted bacterial infections were registered.Results: Serum and CSF β2-microglobulin and neopterin did not differ significantly between MSM with HIV and MSM on PrEP. However, both groups had significantly higher serum levels of β2-microglobulin and neopterin compared with HIV-negative controls without PrEP. Age-adjusted CSF NfL levels were also similar in MSM with HIV and MSM on PrEP, but higher than in controls without PrEP. A recent syphilis infection was associated with increased immune activation in CSF and blood.Conclusion: Increased levels of immune activation and neuronal injury markers were found in virologically suppressed MSM with HIV and MSM on PrEP compared with controls. These findings imply that other factors than HIV contribute to the residual immune activation and impact on neurons observed in MSM with HIV on ART, and emphasize the importance of appropriate controls with similar lifestyle in studies of biomarkers in PWH.","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144268037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Don't let war and conflict impede rabies control in Iraq. 不要让战争和冲突阻碍伊拉克的狂犬病控制。

Infectious diseases (London, England) Pub Date : 2025-06-06 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2025.2514243

Krishna Prasad Acharya, Sarita Phuyal, AbdulRahman A Saied, Seohyun Hong, Dong Keon Yon

引用次数: 0

Comparison of HANDOC and Chamat-Hedemand's risk stratification systems for predicting infective endocarditis among patients with non-beta-hemolytic streptococci blood stream infections. HANDOC和Chamat-Hedemand风险分层系统预测非溶血性链球菌血流感染患者感染性心内膜炎的比较

Infectious diseases (London, England) Pub Date : 2025-06-06 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2025.2513537

Gustav Pernow, Frida Eriksson, Torgny Sunnerhagen, Magnus Rasmussen

{"title":"Comparison of HANDOC and Chamat-Hedemand's risk stratification systems for predicting infective endocarditis among patients with non-beta-hemolytic streptococci blood stream infections.","authors":"Gustav Pernow, Frida Eriksson, Torgny Sunnerhagen, Magnus Rasmussen","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2513537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23744235.2025.2513537","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Non-β-hemolytic streptococci (NBHS) cause blood stream infections (BSI) which can be complicated by infective endocarditis (IE). To stratify the risk for IE in NBHS BSI and to guide the use of echocardiography in this condition, two risk stratification systems (RSSs), the HANDOC score (HANDOC), and the Chamat-Hedemand algorithm (CH-A) have been developed.Objectives: To compare the sensitivity and the specificity of HANDOC and CH-A and to describe how the utilization of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) would be affected using either HANDOC or CH-A.Methods: A retrospective, population-based cohort study of patients with blood cultures positive for NBHS during 2018 was performed. Medical records of the included patients were studied for classification of the episodes according to HANDOC, CH-A, and the Duke-ISCVID criteria.Results: Three hundred and twenty-five episodes of NBHS BSIs involving 308 patients were included. Twenty-one episodes (6.5%) met the Duke-ISCVID criteria for definite IE. TEE was performed in 26% of episodes. HANDOC had a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 73% for definite IE whereas CH-A had a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 63%. The CH-A outcome 'any echocardiography' had a sensitivity of 100% for definite IE, but the specificity was only 24%. In this cohort, implementation of the RSSs would lead to an increase in the utilization of TEE compared to the real-life use, both when using HANDOC (+22%) and CH-A (+60%).Conclusion: HANDOC had the highest combined sensitivity and sensitivity for IE. The utilization of TEE would increase using these RSSs, especially the CH-A.","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144251175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Outcomes of a paediatric antimicrobial stewardship program in the Emergency Department observation unit of a hospital in Spain. 西班牙一家医院急诊科观察单元儿科抗菌药物管理项目的结果。

Infectious diseases (London, England) Pub Date : 2025-06-03 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2025.2512388

Paloma Suárez-Casillas, Germán Peñalva, Ana Belén Guisado-Gil, Blanca González de Boado, Ángela Hurtado-Mingo, Jose Molina, Marta Mejías-Trueba, José Antonio Lepe, José Miguel Cisneros, María Jesús Sánchez-Álvarez

{"title":"Outcomes of a paediatric antimicrobial stewardship program in the Emergency Department observation unit of a hospital in Spain.","authors":"Paloma Suárez-Casillas, Germán Peñalva, Ana Belén Guisado-Gil, Blanca González de Boado, Ángela Hurtado-Mingo, Jose Molina, Marta Mejías-Trueba, José Antonio Lepe, José Miguel Cisneros, María Jesús Sánchez-Álvarez","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2512388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23744235.2025.2512388","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In paediatric emergency departments the use of empirical antimicrobials is very common, even though most infections are caused by viruses, resulting in misuse of antimicrobials. We aimed to assess the impact of a comprehensive antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) on the optimisation of antimicrobial prescribing and clinical outcomes in a paediatric Emergency Department Observation Unit (EDOU).Methods: A quasi-experimental before-and-after longitudinal study was conducted at the EDOU of a paediatric hospital, over 24 quarters from January 2017 to December 2023, excluding 2020 due to the pandemic and the phase-in period. The ASP intervention included the development and implementation of clinical guidelines, rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), and staff stabilisation. Data on antimicrobial use and clinical outcomes, such as revisits within 72 h and hospital admissions, were collected and analysed using Bayesian structural time series models.Results: The study included 33,799 patients transferred to the EDOU. Mean antimicrobial consumption significantly decreased from 46.5 ± 12.9 pre-intervention defined daily doses (DDDs) per 100 patients transferred to the Observation Unit (TOs) to 20.1 ± 3.0 DDDs per 100 TOs in the intervention period (p < 0.0001). Significant reductions were observed for amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, amoxicillin, and azithromycin. The percentage of revisits and hospital admissions remained stable for the whole period.Conclusion: The implementation of ASP measures improved antimicrobial prescribing in the paediatric EDOU. These findings support the need for continued efforts in ASP, emphasising the development and implementation of guidelines, RDTs, and staff stabilisation.","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144217724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Changing risky food habits in controlling zoonoses in Nepal: a missing link? 改变危险的饮食习惯以控制尼泊尔人畜共患病：缺失的一环？

Infectious diseases (London, England) Pub Date : 2025-06-02 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2025.2511076

Krishna Prasad Acharya, Sarita Phuyal

引用次数: 0

Infection type and short-term mortality in patients with infection-associated disseminated intravascular coagulation: a cohort study. 感染相关弥散性血管内凝血患者的感染类型和短期死亡率：一项队列研究

Infectious diseases (London, England) Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2025.2453591

Simon Flæng, Asger Granfeldt, Kasper Adelborg, Henrik Toft Sørensen

{"title":"Infection type and short-term mortality in patients with infection-associated disseminated intravascular coagulation: a cohort study.","authors":"Simon Flæng, Asger Granfeldt, Kasper Adelborg, Henrik Toft Sørensen","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2453591","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2453591","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Severe infection is the most frequent disease underlying disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). To improve understanding of the clinical course, we examined the association between infection type and short-term mortality in patients with infection-associated DIC.Methods: Patients with infection-associated DIC registered in the Danish Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DANDIC) cohort were categorised by infection type: pulmonary, intra-abdominal, urogenital, others, multiple infection sites and unknown foci. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to create survival curves and compute 30-day and 90-day mortality; logistic regression was used to compute odds ratios, as a measure of relative risk, with corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Regression models were adjusted for age, sex, comorbidities and surgery within one week before DIC diagnosis. Pulmonary infection, the most frequent infection type, was used as the reference group.Results: In total, 1,853 patients had infection-associated DIC. The most common types of infection were pulmonary (35.1%), intra-abdominal (25.6%) and urogenital (12.6%). Thirty-day mortality ranged from 19.7% in patients with urogenital infections to 55.1% in patients with unknown foci. The 30-day mortality odds ratio with respect to pulmonary infection was 0.22 (95% CI, 0.15-0.32) for urogenital infection, 0.57 (95% CI, 0.39-0.82) for other infection types, 0.60 (95% CI, 0.36-1.00) for multiple infection sites, 0.73 (95% CI, 0.56-0.97) for intra-abdominal infections and 1.41 (95% CI, 1.02-1.95) for unknown foci.Conclusion: Infection-associated DIC had a high short-term mortality, which varied among infection types, thus suggesting that infection type is an important predictor of the clinical course of DIC.","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"526-534"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143025809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How likely is it that a virus or bacteria is causing a patient's symptoms? A new approach to interpret the outcome from multi-pathogen PCR. 病毒或细菌引起病人症状的可能性有多大？一种解释多病原体PCR结果的新方法

Infectious diseases (London, England) Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-26 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2025.2456902

Cassie Hulme, Ronny Gunnarsson, Dan Merenstein, Bruce Barrett, Margareta Ieven, Mark H Ebell

{"title":"How likely is it that a virus or bacteria is causing a patient's symptoms? A new approach to interpret the outcome from multi-pathogen PCR.","authors":"Cassie Hulme, Ronny Gunnarsson, Dan Merenstein, Bruce Barrett, Margareta Ieven, Mark H Ebell","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2456902","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2456902","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Whether a detected virus or bacteria is a pathogen that may require treatment, or is merely a commensal 'passenger', remains confusing for many infections. This confusion is likely to increase with the wider use of multi-pathogen PCR.Objectives: To propose a new statistical procedure to analyse and present data from case-control studies clarifying the probability of causality.Methods: We conducted a case-control study in US outpatient settings that enrolled patients aged 18 to 75 years with acute lower respiratory tract infection and controls without respiratory symptoms. Patients underwent multi-pathogen PCR testing. The positive etiologic predictive value was calculated to estimate the probability that each potential pathogen was the cause of symptoms. The outcome was illustrated using a modified forest plot and by classifying pathogens into five categories clarifying the probability for causality.Results: We enrolled 618 adult cases and 497 asymptomatic controls. The modified forest plot and the classification of risk for causality aimed to facilitate understanding. Pathogens likely to be causative when present included influenza A and B, SARS-CoV-2, rhinovirus, and parainfluenza viruses, while Staphylococcus aureus is almost always commensal. Broad confidence intervals for the positive etiologic predictive value made it difficult to draw conclusions for potential pathogens with low prevalence.Conclusion: This pilot study shows that the proposed statistical approach is likely to be practical for analysing larger case-control studies or for a meta-analysis of multiple studies. This method may help when interpreting the results from multi-pathogen PCR.","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"535-541"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143042832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Genetic diversity and impact of vaccination on influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 in Mar del Plata, Argentina: a 2015-2020 molecular epidemiological study. 阿根廷马德普拉塔地区甲型H1N1流感pdm09疫苗的遗传多样性和影响：2015-2020年分子流行病学研究

Infectious diseases (London, England) Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-21 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2025.2466118

Osvaldo Uez, Andrés Culasso, Andrea Lerman, Carlos Cimmino, Rodolfo Campos, Débora Natalia Marcone

{"title":"Genetic diversity and impact of vaccination on influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 in Mar del Plata, Argentina: a 2015-2020 molecular epidemiological study.","authors":"Osvaldo Uez, Andrés Culasso, Andrea Lerman, Carlos Cimmino, Rodolfo Campos, Débora Natalia Marcone","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2466118","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2466118","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Influenza A viruses are a major cause of viral respiratory infections in humans, leading to a spectrum of diseases ranging from mild to severe, particularly in high-risk groups. Monitoring the frequency and evolution of A (H1N1)pdm09 viruses is essential for guiding vaccine strain selection and maintaining vaccine effectiveness.Objectives: To characterize the evolution of circulating influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 strains in Mar del Plata(MDQ), Argentina, and estimate vaccine efficacy from 2015 to 2020, before the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.Methods: We analyzed 46 influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 strains detected by RT-PCR from patients with acute respiratory infections in MDQ between 2015 and 2020. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using maximum likelihood, and vaccine efficacy was estimated with the Pepitope model.Results: Seven genetic clades were identified: 6B in 2015, 6B.1 in 2016-2017, 6B.1A, 6B.1A.1, and 6B.1A.3 in 2018, 6B.1A.5A in 2019-2020, and 6B.1A.5a.2 in 2020. Genetic diversity and regional clustering suggested multiple strain introductions from other Argentinian regions or countries. The predicted vaccine efficacy was highest when the frequency of influenza A (H1N1)pmd09 was below 2%, decreasing as viral frequency increased, due to mutations occurring particularly in haemagglutinin epitopes B, C, and E.Conclusion: Our findings highlight the dynamic evolution of influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 in MDQ and emphasize the importance of continuous molecular surveillance and regular vaccine updates. Additionally, the Pepitope model proved useful in estimating vaccine efficacy. The impact of vaccination in reducing viral frequency when circulating and vaccine strains are well-matched further supports annual influenza vaccination recommendations to minimize viral burden in the community.","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"574-587"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143470069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0