Infectious diseases (London, England)最新文献

{"title":"A narrative review of climate- and environment-dependent dynamics of vector-borne diseases in the Nordic region: evidence from Finland.","authors":"Ruut Joensuu, Eili Huhtamo, Jani J Sormunen, Paula M Kinnunen, Juha Aalto, Eva R Kallio, Ravi Kant, Henna Mäkelä, C Lorna Culverwell, Joonas Kolstela, Suraj Polade, Otso Huitu, Mika Siljander, Saana Sipari, Teemu Smura, Timothée Dub, Guy Hendrickx, Petteri Puonti, Riikka Holopainen, Tuija Gadd, Hanna Vauhkonen, Lauri Kareinen, Niina Tammiranta, Antti Oksanen, Jukka Hytönen, Ilkka Julkunen, Tarja Sironen, Heikki Henttonen, Hilppa Gregow, Essi M Korhonen, Olli Vapalahti","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2026.2703130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23744235.2026.2703130","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Vector-borne diseases (VBDs) pose a growing threat to human and animal health, driven by complex interactions among and between vectors, hosts, pathogens, and the environment. The Nordic region is warming at twice the global average rate, creating novel ecological conditions that reshape VBD transmission dynamics.</p><p><strong>Objectives and methods: </strong>This narrative review synthesises current knowledge regarding major tick- and mosquito-borne diseases in the Nordic region, with a focus on Finland, based primarily on outputs from the VECLIMIT project (2020-2023), supported by other Nordic studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The most prevalent human VBDs are Lyme borreliosis (LB), tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), tularaemia, and Sindbis virus (SINV) infections. Over the past decade, LB and particularly TBE incidence have increased, whereas SINV and tularaemia show cyclical patterns. The principal tick vectors <i>Ixodes ricinus</i> and <i>Ixodes persulcatus</i> are expanding geographically, while key mosquito vectors, <i>Aedes cinereus/geminus</i> and <i>Culex pipiens/torrentium,</i> are widespread. Rising temperatures and extended growing seasons promote vector activity and pathogen development, whereas heterogenous environments, such as wetlands and urban green spaces, support vector and host populations. While small mammals serve as key reservoirs for tick-borne pathogens, cervids drive tick propagation, and avian hosts maintain vector-borne enzootic cycles. Substantial gaps remain in prevention and awareness across public, medical, and veterinary sectors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Climate warming is likely to increase the spread of many endemic and invasive vectors and pathogens, yet surveillance remains limited and understanding of VBD drivers incomplete. Addressing these gaps requires coordinated One Health frameworks leveraging citizen science and cross-border Nordic collaboration.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"1-58"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148814836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accuracy of real-time sepsis-3 surveillance across ten inpatient facilities - a prospective cohort study.","authors":"Andreas Winroth, John Karlsson Valik, Peter Fjällström, Tahane Kadamani, Pontus Naucler, Anders F Johansson","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2026.2720196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23744235.2026.2720196","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate portability and diagnostic performance of an automated sepsis surveillance algorithm applying objective Sepsis-3 clinical criteria across an entire adult population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this prospective cohort study, a Sepsis-3 algorithm developed in one region in Sweden, was implemented across ten inpatient facilities in another region, covering all adult admissions. Classifications were compared against blinded expert chart review (reference standard) in a random sample. Diagnostic accuracy, incidence, bloodstream infection (BSI), and 30-day mortality were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between July 2022 and December 2024, 82,112 admissions (49,574 adults) were included. The algorithm identified 5,101 sepsis events (59.6% occurred in men). Most were community-onset (CO; 84.0%), whereas hospital-onset (HO) sepsis carried higher 30-day mortality (17.6% vs 12.1%). In validation (700 patients; 1087 admissions), sensitivity was 90.5% (95% CI 80.4-96.4) and specificity 98.4% (95% CI 97.5-99.1). Sepsis incidence was 850/100,000 population/year (95% CI 662-1,084). BSI did not increase mortality in CO sepsis, whereas HO sepsis was associated with increased hazards irrespective of BSI (with BSI HR 2.36, 95% CI 1.64-3.40; without BSI HR 2.20, 95% CI 1.83-2.63).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Objective automated Sepsis-3 surveillance is scalable and transferable, representing a critical next step in infection surveillance to improve sepsis care quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148814926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fosfomycin trometamol prophylaxis for recurrent urinary tract infections in male and female patients with urological comorbidities.","authors":"Sophie Ismael, Pierre Fillâtre, Francois Camelena, Pierre Tattevin, Matthieu Lafaurie","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2026.2671234","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23744235.2026.2671234","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To study the efficacy of fosfomycin trometamol (FT) as prophylaxis for recurrent urinary tract infections (UTI) in a population not targeted by guidelines.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective, monocenter study of patients taking FT prophylaxis for recurrent UTI. We compared the incidence of UTI during the six months prior to and the six months following the initiation of prophylactic treatment with FT.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>a total of 86 patients were enrolled in the study, including 20 men and 66 women, with a median age of 56.5 years [44-70]. Forty-one had underlying urological diseases, and 24 were immunocompromised, including 16 kidney transplant recipients. FT prophylaxis was associated with a dramatic decrease in the incidence of UTI on multivariate analysis, with an incidence rate ratio of 0.15 [0.11-0.20] in women, and 0.05 [0.02-0.16] in men. Adverse events were reported by 12(13.9%) patients, leading to FT discontinuation in 3(3.4%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>FT prophylaxis was associated with a 85-95% reduction in the incidence of UTI in patients with recurrent UTI and predisposing conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"847-853"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148007685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic characterisation of the outbreak-associated hantavirus strain.","authors":"Ilaria Deplano, Maria Perra, Ilenia Azzena, Chiara Locci, Pietro Hiram Guzzi, Giancarlo Ceccarelli, Francesco Branda, Massimo Ciccozzi, Marco Casu, Daria Sanna, Fabio Scarpa","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2026.2691878","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23744235.2026.2691878","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"863-867"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148320840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors associated with mortality and recurrence among patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB): a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression.","authors":"Lutfian Lutfian, Sidik Maulana, Jonathan Hasian Haposan, Izdihar Javier Wardika, Muhammad Amir Mukminin, Ibnu Syarifudin Hidayat, Sakinah Hilya Abida, Artha Maressa Theodora, Ayu Cetiya Mahayekti, Muhamad Zulfatul A'la, Ahmad Syauqy Tafrihani, Dikki Saputra, Yovita Hartantri","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2026.2656351","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23744235.2026.2656351","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) remains a major global health concern due to its high mortality and recurrence rates. Understanding the factors associated with these adverse outcomes is essential for guiding targeted interventions and strengthening TB control strategies.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To synthesise evidence on factors associated with mortality and recurrence among patients with MDR-TB.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review and meta-analyses were conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Searches were performed in PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Embase and Web of Science from inception to 23 February 2025 without year restrictions. A random-effects model was used to estimate pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-five studies encompassing 36,693 patients with MDR-TB were included. Pooled analyses identified several significant predictors of mortality, including HIV co-infection (OR = 2.80; 95% CI: 1.92-4.09; <i>p</i> < .001), lower educational attainment (≤12 years) (OR = 2.67; 95% CI: 1.64-4.38; <i>p</i> = .003), low body mass index (OR = 3.15; 95% CI: 2.28-4.36; <i>p</i> = .001), anaemia (OR = 3.53; 95% CI: 1.03-12.09; <i>p</i> = .04) and alcohol use (OR = 2.94; 95% CI: 1.08-8.00; <i>p</i> = .04). Only five studies assessed recurrence, indicating higher risk among individuals with comorbidities, and those with low educational levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Mortality and recurrence remain major challenges in MDR-TB management. Key predictors, HIV co-infection and low education for mortality, and comorbidities and low educational level for recurrence, highlight the need to strengthen health systems, expand TB-HIV co-management and implement targeted education to reduce adverse outcomes and advance global TB elimination.</p><p><strong>Registration: </strong>CRD420251032658.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"775-791"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147791007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiological diagnostics and outcome in surgery for brain abscesses: a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Johan Lindström, Ida Jensen, Johan Ljungqvist, Anna Grahn","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2026.2649532","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23744235.2026.2649532","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neurosurgical intervention is essential in the management of brain abscesses, both for optimising patient outcomes and obtaining samples. Aspiration of pus is increasingly favoured over excision, but with limited and diverging data on differences in outcome. Surgery facilitates microbiological diagnosis through cultures and molecular-based diagnostics such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), expanding the microbiological spectrum, but with an uncertain impact on patient care.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To provide data on outcomes after aspiration and excision of brain abscesses and to provide data on the impact of PCR as an addition to cultures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients aged 16 or older treated for brain abscess at a tertiary care centre were retrospectively included. Outcome was evaluated through Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) at 3 months after discharge, GOS 1-3 considered unfavourable. Data included results from 16SrRNA PCR and Sanger sequencing analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 59 cases, aspiration was performed in 30, excision in 18, and 11 were managed conservatively. One patient in the excision group had an unfavourable outcome (6%) compared to nine in the aspiration group (30%), but without statistical significance. Both culture and PCR were performed on 35 samples. In 10 samples, only one method yielded positive results (5 cultures, 5 PCR). In 11 cases where both methods yielded positive results, the combination provided additional information (additional species, discordant positive).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study was underpowered to assess differences in outcome after aspiration or excision of brain abscesses. The addition of PCR diagnostics increases diagnostic yield in a routine clinical setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"825-832"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147576837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The 2026 Bundibugyo virus outbreak: a test of global outbreak preparedness.","authors":"Raman Swathy Vaman, Padmanesan Narasimhan, Ashley Lindsay Quigley, Tarun Bhatnagar, Chandini Raina MacIntyre","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2026.2689412","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23744235.2026.2689412","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"859-862"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148354943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex and gender differences in morbidity and mortality from influenza-like illness during pandemics and throughout the 20th century in Switzerland.","authors":"Siliana Steiner, Katarina L Matthes, Peter W Middelkamp, Julien Riou, Anthony Hauser, Kaspar Staub","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2026.2644272","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23744235.2026.2644272","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Influenza-like illness (ILI) affects women and men differently. These differences are due to a number of factors, with women often being more exposed and susceptible to ILI infections, while men are at higher risk of mortality. Little is known about how far back these differences reach in history.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We investigated sex and gender differences in morbidity, mortality and work absenteeism in Switzerland with never-before-used historical 20th century data.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed several historical data series: Swiss-wide ILI/pneumonia mortality 1910-2022; ILI mortality/morbidity 1918-1929 in Basel-Stadt; and ILI-related insured sick days in 1918 from insurance companies. In addition, we analyzed sickness-related work absenteeism in a large company (Swiss Re) in Zurich 1918-1965 and in the national Swiss Postal Service 1902-1993.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In all age groups, men had a higher ILI/pneumonia mortality risk than women, although these differences vary across time and age groups. In contrast, both morbidity in Basel-Stadt in the 1920s and the number of insured sick days in six selected insurance companies during the 1918 pandemic were higher for women than for men. Work absenteeism was also higher for women in both analyzed companies during the twentieth century. For the Swiss Postal Service, we find that during ILI epidemics and pandemics, work absenteeism was even higher among women than men.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We confirm that ILI/pneumonia mortality was higher in men than in women. We also find indications that women were more affected by ILI morbidity, including work absenteeism, which could be due to additional social gender effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"800-812"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147693543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Saving the first 24 hours: why public and frontline awareness must accompany meningococcal vaccination.","authors":"Quynh-Giao Nguyen, Rohat Muhyadeen Abdullah, Eman Fathy Abdeltwab Hassan, Van Tri Dang, Nguyen Tien Huy","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2026.2684408","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23744235.2026.2684408","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"854-856"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148240801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and seroconversion in Finnish households with school-aged children between June 2020 and April 2022.","authors":"Jaakko Ahti, Helena Ollila, Laura Toivonen, Krista Salo-Tuominen, Lauri Ivaska, Ilkka Julkunen, Ville Peltola","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2026.2648678","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23744235.2026.2648678","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>SARS-CoV-2 spreads efficiently in households with children. Here, we aimed to examine whether serological methods, in addition to PCR, can improve understanding of SARS-CoV-2 transmission within households.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Within the prospective birth-cohort study called the STEPS Study, 175 households with 376 children and 324 adults were prospectively followed for acute respiratory infections from June 2020 to April 2022. SARS-CoV-2 was tested by PCR and antigen tests. IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein (N) and spike (S) proteins were determined at recruitment and at two later timepoints to assess seroprevalence, and five weeks after a PCR-positive infection in the household to assess seroconversion. Secondary attack rates (SARs) based on seroconversion or PCR-positivity were calculated and compared among index and secondary cases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SARS-CoV-2 anti-N-IgG seroprevalence showed a minor increase from 0.5% at recruitment, starting in June 2020, to1.9% at the last serum collection. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected by PCR in altogether 334 (48%) participants. The SAR for the adult index cases was higher than the SAR for the child index cases (77% vs 48%; <i>p</i> = 0.0027). The SARs were similar for unvaccinated (0-1 vaccinations) and vaccinated (2-3 vaccinations) index cases (53% and 63%, respectively; <i>p</i> = 0.28), but the SAR for unvaccinated secondary cases was higher compared to the SAR for vaccinated secondary cases (83% vs 52%; <i>p</i> = 0.0067).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this study, adults spread SARS-CoV-2 in households more efficiently than children. While the index case vaccination status showed no difference, unvaccinated household members were more prone to SARS-CoV-2 infection than vaccinated individuals. Key pointsA cohort of households with children was prospectively studied for SARS-CoV-2 transmission through repeated PCR, and serology was obtained 5 weeks post-infection. Adults transmitted the virus more effectively than children, and unvaccinated participants were more susceptible than vaccinated participants.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"813-824"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147576847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}