Infectious diseases (London, England)最新文献

{"title":"Surveillance of Lyme neuroborreliosis and Lyme borreliosis: estimates of disease burden in Southern Sweden 2009-2022.","authors":"Mattias Waldeck, Niclas Winqvist, Claus Bohn Christiansen, Bo Settergren, Per-Eric Lindgren","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2542515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23744235.2025.2542515","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite recommendations by EU, surveillance of Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) is still not fully implemented in all member states, Sweden being one of them. Laboratory-based notifications on positive <i>Borrelia</i> antibody index (AI) in paired cerebrospinal fluid-serum samples alone have been suggested for surveillance of LNB.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We aim to describe the epidemiology of Lyme borreliosis (LB) and LNB in Southern Sweden and assess if laboratory-based surveillance of LNB alone risks to underestimate the incidence in different populations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using register data, we categorized cases from Region Skåne County during 2009-2022 into four groups: A) cases with positive <i>Borrelia</i> AI, and data on ICD-10 codes given to them; B) cases with ICD-10 code indicating LNB but without positive <i>Borrelia</i> AI; C) cases with Lyme arthritis; and D) other disease manifestations of LB, mainly erythema migrans.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean annual incidence for laboratory confirmed LNB (group A) was 3.2/100,000 inhabitants compared to 2.2/100,000 for cases with LNB diagnosis code but without positive <i>Borrelia</i> AI. Highest incidence in both these groups was noted among children 0-9 years old. Among cases in group B, 47% had a diagnosis code indicating facial nerve disorder, compared to19% in group A. For patients in group D, the mean annual incidence was 282/100,000 and increasing.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A considerable number of patients received a LNB diagnosis code without laboratory confirmation. Children and those with facial nerve disorder as LNB manifestation are at risk to be underreported if surveillance of LNB is based on positive <i>Borrelia</i> AI alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144796219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The COVID-19 pandemic in Greenland led to a modest decline in acute respiratory infections without a post-pandemic infection rebound.","authors":"Mie Møller, Peter Vedsted, Kåre Mølbak, Anders Koch","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2540010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23744235.2025.2540010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Many countries reported declines in acute respiratory infections (ARIs) following public health and social measures to mitigate COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We describe the potential association with pandemic restrictions on the occurrence of non-COVID ARIs in Greenland, which experienced a late but sudden introduction of COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included national electronic medical records on ARIs in Greenland across three periods: pre-pandemic (January 2018-February 2020), pandemic (March 2020-June 2022), and endemic (July 2022-December 2023). Severe ARIs were defined using a case definition based on ICD-10/ICPC-2-R codes. Oral penicillin prescriptions served as a proxy for mild ARIs due to limited primary care data.We calculated ARI incidence and used Poisson regression to compare periods. Data on Influenza A/B and RSV PCR testing activity and results were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the pandemic, all ARIs decreased by 14% (IRR 0.86 [95% CI 0.84-0.88]) compared to pre-pandemic levels. In the endemic period, mild ARIs increased by 3% (IRR 1.03 [95% CI 1.02-1.06]), while severe ARIs increased by 40% (IRR 1.40 [95% CI 1.22-1.60]). The Influenza A/B positive rate declined during the pandemic (20.7% to 8.3%) but increased in the endemic period (14.2%), whereas RSV positive rate increased during the pandemic (19.8% to 57.2%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We observed declines in mild and severe ARIs during the pandemic in Greenland. Unlike many other countries, mild ARIs did not rise during the endemic period, likely due to preventive travel measures limiting the spread of SARS-CoV-2 while allowing ongoing exposure to other respiratory viruses in society, preventing an infection rebound.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144790850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extraordinarily high incidence rates of tuberculosis among Greenlanders living in Denmark, 2006-2022.","authors":"Anja Jørgensen, Anders Norman, Karsten Fleischer Rex, Anders Koch, Troels Lillebaek","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2533319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23744235.2025.2533319","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Many Greenlanders move from Greenland, a tuberculosis (TB) high-incidence country, to Denmark, a TB low-incidence country. Surprisingly, according to official statistics, the TB incidence among Greenlanders in Denmark is much higher than in Greenland.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study investigates factors contributing to the extraordinarily high TB incidence among Greenlanders residing in Denmark.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective, register-based cohort study including all Greenlanders ≥18 years notified with TB in Denmark and Greenland, and Danes ≥18 years with TB in Denmark, 2006-2022. Demographic and microbiological characteristics were compared across groups using parametric and non-parametric statistical tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The TB incidence was extraordinarily high among Greenlanders in Denmark (341/100,000; <i>n</i> = 813), compared to Danes in Denmark (2/100,000; <i>n</i> = 1799) and Greenlanders in Greenland (149/100,000; <i>n</i> = 1088). Additionally, they were more often part of a TB cluster (75.6%) compared to Danes in Denmark (53.3%) and Greenlanders in Greenland (64.0%) and demonstrated very high rates of recurrent TB (23.9%), with 75.6% of cases being reinfections involving new <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> strains.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TB poses a significant public health challenge for Greenlanders in Denmark. Their high incidence combined with elevated clustering and reinfection rates suggest substantial active TB transmission, and their cluster distribution indicates that many infections are locally acquired rather than reactivations of infection acquired in Greenland. Greenlanders with TB in Denmark are likely part of a socially marginalised minority with TB high-risk behaviours similar to Danes developing TB. These findings highlight the need for targeted TB prevention and control strategies for Greenlanders residing in Denmark.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144777080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2513178","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2513178","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"809"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144176084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Don't let war and conflict impede rabies control in Iraq.","authors":"Krishna Prasad Acharya, Sarita Phuyal, AbdulRahman A Saied, Seohyun Hong, Dong Keon Yon","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2514243","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2514243","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"803-804"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144251176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency of haematogenous periprosthetic joint infection due to bacteraemia caused by gram-positive cocci.","authors":"Olof Thompson, Lisa I Påhlman","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2476530","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2476530","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Presence of a prosthetic joint entails a life-long risk of haematogenous periprosthetic joint infection (hPJI) during bacteraemia. For bacteraemia with <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> the hPJI frequency has been described to be up to 40% and for streptococci up to 20%, with large variation among reported frequencies.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We aimed to investigate the hPJI frequency from bacteraemia with virulent gram-positive cocci in patients with hip and/or knee prosthesis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A population and register based approach was used. Through cross-matching of blood cultures positive for virulent gram-positive cocci and data from the Swedish Arthroplasty Register, patients with at least one prosthesis in place during bacteraemia were identified. Medical records were reviewed if patients had concordant microbiological cultures in blood and synovial fluid, tissue or bone, to determine if hPJI was present. Absence of concordant cultures was interpreted as absence of hPJI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of all 2392 episodes of bacteraemia identified during the study period, 143 (6%) caused at least one hPJI. The highest frequency of hPJI was observed for <i>S. aureus</i> (9.6%) and <i>Streptococcus agalactiae</i> (9.3%). Increasing number of prostheses in place, male sex and lower age were independently associated with hPJI. Bacteraemia with other species than <i>S. aureus</i> or <i>S. agalactiae</i> was associated with a lower hPJI risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The observational risk of hPJI from bacteraemia with virulent gram-positive cocci was much lower than in previous reports, especially for <i>S. aureus</i>, with an hPJI frequency of 9.6%.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"734-740"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143625850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of Legionnaires' disease in Southern Sweden, a population-based study.","authors":"Christian Wikén, Jenny Eliasson, Marianne Alanko Blomé, Rosmarie Fält, Fredrik Resman, Oskar Ljungquist, Lisa Wasserstrom","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2476532","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2476532","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The study aimed to describe all diagnosed cases of Legionnaire's disease (LD) in south Sweden, regarding incidence, patient characteristics, diagnostics, outcomes, and infection control investigations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This population-based retrospective study was conducted in Skåne, on patients with LD between 2011-2021. Inclusion criteria were positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for <i>L. pneumophila</i>/<i>Legionella</i> spp. or a positive urinary antigen test (UAT), combined with a clinical presentation consistent with <i>Legionella</i> infection and radiological evidence of pulmonary infiltrates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 280 patients met the inclusion criteria, with a mean incidence of 2.00 per 100,000 person-years (95% CI: 1.23-2.78). Empiric treatment covering <i>Legionella</i> was administered in 15% of cases. Mortality rates were 13%, 15% and 23% at 30-, 90- and 365 days, respectively. UAT was performed in 88% of patients, with a 66% positivity rate. Lower respiratory tract PCR was performed in 76% of patients with a 90% positivity rate. Bacterial culture was positive in 43% of cases. Out of these, <i>L. pneumophila</i> serogroup 1 was most common (58%), though a significant proportion were serogroups 2-14 (30%), which are not generally detected by UAT. Genetic matches between environmental and patient strains were established in 5% of cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Legionnaires' disease in Skåne is an uncommon but clinically significant condition. Few patients received appropriate empiric antibiotic treatment. Reliance on UAT alone is insufficient for establishing diagnosis, and species-specific PCR, particularly from lower respiratory samples, enhances detection. Environmental investigations frequently identified <i>Legionella</i> in suspected settings; however, a definitive source of infection was rarely established.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"741-752"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143796363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antibodies to detect exposure to SARS-CoV-2: results from a prospective cohort study on COVID-19 vaccination.","authors":"Magnus Rasmussen, Ariane Neumann, Mahnaz Moghaddassi, Malin Inghammar, Jonas Björk, Ulf Malmqvist, Fredrik Kahn","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2479139","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2479139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In May 2023, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 no longer a public health emergency. Despite successful vaccination campaigns, vaccines provide limited protection against transmission. Since general testing has been abandoned in most countries, alternative population surveillance methods to assess SARS-CoV-2 exposure are needed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>N-antigen is a protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus that is not present in the vaccines and hence may be a useful serological marker of infection. This study evaluated N-antigen antibodies as a marker of SARS-CoV-2 exposure in a vaccinated Swedish cohort. Serum samples were collected and analysed for N-antigen antibodies using the mesoscale system. Nonlinear mixed-effects model accounting for multiple measurements per individual was used to estimate the half-life of N-antigen antibodies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 3,202 participants (median age 31 years) were recruited from April 2021 to February 2022 from four vaccination centres in Skåne, Sweden. A total of 2,999 participants had at least one valid N-antigen antibody measurement. The estimated half-life of N-antigen antibodies was 59 days (95% CI: 55-64 days). The estimated 95% range of halves-lives were from 24 to 174 days. The repeated measurements of N-antigen antibody levels could accurately detect SARS-CoV-2 infection. A twofold increase had a sensitivity of 91%, whereas a 16-fold increase had a specificity of 91%, respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) for predicting infection was 0.88 [95% C.I. 0.86-0.90].</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Repeated monitoring of N-antigen antibody levels may be a valuable tool for assessing SARS-CoV-2 exposure and thus aid in monitoring transmission thereby helping in guiding vaccination strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"782-792"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143659990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular epidemiology and evolution of norovirus in Australia and New Zealand, 2018 to 2020.","authors":"Grace J H Yan, Joanne Hewitt, Lewis K Mercer, Emma F Harding, Dawn Croucher, Alice G Russo, Peter G Huntington, Jason M Mackenzie, William D Rawlinson, Peter A White","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2479133","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2479133","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Norovirus causes an estimated 699 million cases of gastroenteritis and 219,000 deaths each year. Historically, novel strains with a genogroup II genotype 4 (GII.4) capsid have emerged every 3-5 years to cause gastroenteritis pandemics. Contrary to historical trends, viruses with aGII.4 Sydney 2012 capsid have extended the timeframe of capsid circulation, well beyond the usual 3-5 years, through genetic recombination to obtain new non-structural regions, for example, a GII.P16 ORF1.</p><p><strong>Objectives and methods: </strong>The molecular evolution in the GII.4 capsid of strains in New South Wales (NSW), Australia and New Zealand (NZ) before and into the COVID-19 pandemic (2018-20) was investigated by sequencing noroviruses from clinical specimens and wastewater.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A continued high prevalence of GII.4 Sydney 2012 [P16] was observed (NSW: 23.0%; NZ: 24.2%), albeit co-dominant with GII.2 [P16] (NSW: 20.2%; NZ: 29.4%). Unlike the historical trends, the GII.4 Sydney 2012 capsid has been in circulation for eight years. Circulating norovirus in the community was disrupted by COVID-19 control measures; lockdowns reduced viral concentration in wastewater by >90% (1.4 × 10⁵ genome copies (gc)/L) from May to September 2020 compared to equivalent timeframes in 2018 (1.6 × 10⁶gc/L) and 2019 (1.9 × 10⁶gc/L). The relaxation of lockdown measures in late-2020 coincided with a strong resurgence of GII.2[P16] prevalence both clinically and in wastewater in NSW and Melbourne, accompanied by a decline in the diversity of circulating noroviruses. Conclusion: In summary, COVID-19 disrupted the strain diversity and levels of norovirus in Australia and New Zealand.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"766-781"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143659998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasma <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> cell-free DNA assay: a diagnostic tool for tuberculosis lymphadenitis.","authors":"Sosina Ayalew, Teklu Wegayehu, Biniam Wondale, Dawit Halu Alemayehu, Dawit Kebede, Haymanot Agize, Emnet Fisseha, Tigist Desta, Sebsibe Niway, Anne Piantadosi, Adane Mihret","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2478263","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2478263","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bacterial confirmation in suspected tuberculosis lymphadenitis patients is challenging. This study evaluates plasma <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> cell-free DNA as a diagnostic tool for tuberculosis lymphadenitis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A quantitative PCR assay targeting IS<i>6110</i>, IS<i>1081</i>, and <i>cyp141</i> genes was performed on plasma samples. The study included 95 tuberculosis lymphadenitis patients and 60 controls. Sensitivity of the plasma <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> cell-free DNA assay was assessed against fine needle aspiration GeneXpert Ultra, fine needle aspiration culture, and fine needle aspiration cytology, while specificity was determined using control groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the tuberculosis lymphadenitis cases, 71 (74.7%) were bacteriologically confirmed, and 24 (25.3%) were probable. In the control group, 50% had latent tuberculosis infection. The <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> cell-free DNA assay, targeting three genes, had an overall sensitivity of 65.3%, increasing to 70.4% for confirmed cases and 50% for probable cases, with specificity of 91.1%. Sensitivities for specific gene combinations were 62.1% for IS<i>6110</i> and IS<i>1081</i>, 54.7% for IS<i>6110</i> and <i>cyp141</i>, and 55.8% for IS<i>1081</i> and <i>cyp141</i>. For individual genes, IS<i>6110</i> showed 49.4% sensitivity (specificity: 93.3%), IS<i>1081</i> had 51.6% (specificity: 96.0%), and <i>cyp141</i> showed 28.4% (specificity: 96.7%). Combining positive results from all three genes in the cell-free DNA assay with fine needle aspiration culture and GeneXpert Ultra improved sensitivity to 76.8% and 85.3%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrated that <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> cell-free DNA can be detected in the plasma of over half of tuberculosis lymphadenitis patients. The plasma <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> cell-free DNA assay could serve as a valuable, less-invasive complement to existing fine needle aspiration diagnostics.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"753-765"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143617928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}