Infectious diseases (London, England)最新文献

{"title":"High rate of late revision with multiple <i>Cutibacterium acnes</i> tissue isolates in paediatric spinal deformity suggesting implant-associated infection.","authors":"Pontus Dymén, Olof Westin, Annette Erichsen, Adad Baranto, Jonatan Tillander","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2026.2668712","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23744235.2026.2668712","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Postoperative spinal implant infection (PSII) causes significant morbidity and suffering and can occur long after surgery.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Our purpose was to investigate the incidence and time to reoperation for PSII following adolescent deformity surgery. We also aimed to identify causative microorganisms, resistance to antibiotics and the influence of risk factors and evaluate resolution of infection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective review on all adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and neuromuscular scoliosis(NMS) spinal fusion patients aged 10-18 at a university hospital between 2015 and 2021, with a 2-year follow-up of two.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 207 AIS and 55 NMS patients were included. Among AIS patients, 38 cases of confirmed and 2 cases of likely PSII were identified. Among NMS patients, 11 confirmed and 1 likely case were found. The median time from primary surgery to reoperation was 20.0 months (range 0-63) for AIS and 14.0 months (range 0-79) for NMS. The most frequently isolated microorganism in AIS patients was <i>Cutibacterium acnes</i> (78.9%, <i>n</i> = 30). In NMS patients, polymicrobial infections dominated. Among infected patients, only 1 of 38 AIS patients (2.6%) and 3 of 11 NMS patients (27.3%) required a second reoperation within 24 months.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The predominance of <i>Cutibacterium acnes</i> as the presumtive causative agent for the elevated rate of late revisions due to PSII in this paediatric deformity cohort highlights important challenges in current diagnostic frameworks and the definition of PSII. Despite a high rate of successful single surgery treatment of infection, targeted prevention strategies against <i>C. acnes</i> are warranted in this or similar populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"923-939"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147935996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal analysis and prediction of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in Qingdao city, China, 2014-2025.","authors":"Xiangcheng Meng, Huaqiang Zhang, Xiaowen Hu, Hongrui Zhai, Shanshan Du, Runze Lu, Ruqin Gao, Jing Jia","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2026.2651975","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23744235.2026.2651975","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Research on Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (SFTS) in Qingdao, an emerging public health threat, remains limited. This study aimed to systematically characterise its epidemiological features, identify spatiotemporal clustering patterns and develop a time-series prediction model to inform targeted prevention and control strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>SFTS case data in Qingdao from 2014 to 2025 were acquired from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. Spatial autocorrelation analysis, encompassing both global and local assessments, was performed using ArcGIS 10.8. The identification of spatiotemporal clusters was carried out with SatScan version 9.6. Furthermore, a Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) model was developed utilising R software (version 4.4.2) for time-series forecasting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 2014 to 2025, 711 SFTS cases were reported in Qingdao, corresponding to an average annual incidence of 0.61 per 100,000 population. There were 28 deaths, yielding a case fatality rate of 3.94%. Cases showed strong seasonality, with 99.16% occurring between April and October, predominantly among elderly farmers. Incidence exhibited positive spatial autocorrelation, with high-high clusters primarily concentrated in Huangdao District in the southern part of Qingdao. Spatiotemporal scan analysis identified three significant clusters located in the southern, northeastern and southwestern regions. The SARIMA model indicates that the number of cases is projected to exhibit an increasing trend beyond 2025.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SFTS in Qingdao exhibits obvious spatiotemporal clustering, and the number of cases continues to show an increasing trend.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"899-910"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147625113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative analysis of pediatric <i>Klebsiella oxytoca</i> and <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> bacteremia: clinical characteristics, antimicrobial susceptibility, and outcomes.","authors":"Nursel Atay Ünal, Meltem Polat, Merve Demirer Çelik, Elif Ayça Şahin, Tuğba Bedir Demirdağ, Kayhan Çağlar, Anıl Tapısız","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2026.2672635","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23744235.2026.2672635","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>While <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> remains a common cause of paediatric bacteraemia, <i>Klebsiella oxytoca</i>, a member of the human commensal microbiota, is increasingly recognised as a clinically significant opportunistic pathogen. However, comparative data on these two species in paediatric bacteraemia remain scarce. This study compares the clinical characteristics, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and outcomes of <i>K. pneumoniae</i> and <i>K. oxytoca</i> bacteraemia in hospitalised children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of paediatric patients aged 1 month to 18 years with blood cultures positive for <i>K. pneumoniae</i> or <i>K. oxytoca</i> between January 2018 and December 2024.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 132 children were included: 42 with <i>K. oxytoca</i> bacteraemia and 90 with <i>K. pneumoniae</i> bacteraemia. Children with <i>K. oxytoca</i> bacteraemia were significantly older than those with <i>K. pneumoniae</i> bacteraemia (median age, 90 vs. 25 months; <i>p</i> = 0.003). Gastrointestinal comorbidities and prior abdominal surgery were more common in the <i>K. oxytoca</i> group. While <i>K. pneumoniae</i> bacteraemia predominantly occurred as hospital-onset infection, <i>K. oxytoca</i> bacteraemia was more frequently community-onset (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Isolates of <i>K. oxytoca</i> demonstrated higher overall susceptibility to commonly used antibiotics. Rates of sepsis or septic shock, paediatric intensive care unit admission, and 30-day mortality did not differ between the groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Compared with <i>K. pneumoniae, K. oxytoca</i> bacteraemia was more frequently community-onset, associated with gastrointestinal comorbidities or prior abdominal surgery, and caused by more susceptible isolates. These findings underscore the importance of accurate species identification and have direct implications for empirical antibiotic selection, supporting antimicrobial stewardship strategies in paediatric bacteraemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"940-948"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147984695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and virological characteristics of hepatitis B virus genotype E infection: a case series.","authors":"Giorgio Tiecco, Maria Antonia De Francesco, Laert Zeneli, Federica Gottardi, Serena Zaltron, Angiola Spinetti, Francesco Castelli, Eugenia Quiros-Roldan","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2026.2701171","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23744235.2026.2701171","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype E, mainly found in sub-Saharan Africa, exhibits low genetic diversity, unique molecular markers and high recombination potential but remains under-studied.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study describes the clinical and virological characteristics, mutational profiles, antiviral treatment responses and phylogenetic data of patients with confirmed HBV genotype E infection in a tertiary-care centre in northern Italy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective monocentric study was conducted at ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Italy, from 2015 to 2023. Patients with documented HBV genotype E who underwent genotypic resistance testing (GRT) for clinical reasons were included. Direct sequencing of the S/POL region was used for genotyping and mutation analysis, interpreted <i>via</i> Geno2pheno [hbv] 2.0 and Stanford HBV resistance tools.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eight patients were identified, mostly male (62.5%) and of African origin (87.5%), with a median age of 38.5 years. GRT was performed in six (75%) patients because of persistent viremia despite antiviral treatment, five (83.3%) of whom were HIV/HBV coinfected with detectable HIV viral load. Lamivudine resistance mutations (L180M, M204V) were found in one (12.5%) case, tenofovir resistance-associated mutations (M267L/I) in two (25%) and immune escape mutations in three (37.5%), including T126I, D144E and G145R. Despite GRT, treatment was not modified in four (50%) patients due to poor adherence concerns. Therapy adjustments led to viral suppression in three (37.5%) cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In our setting, HBV genotype E infections largely occurred among migrants from endemic regions. Although nucleos(t)ide analogues are effective across genotypes, suboptimal adherence may hinder viral suppression and promote resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"954-964"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148671495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dengue fever in Somaliland: emerging evidence, surveillance challenges, and priorities for public health preparedness.","authors":"Mohamed Suleiman Jama, Ilyas Abdullahi Khalif","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2026.2717174","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23744235.2026.2717174","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"971-973"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148723054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of insecticide-treated nets on malaria morbidity and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","authors":"Gbeminiyi R Otolorin, María Eugenia Castellanos, Oyelola A Adegboye, Himali E Ratnayake, Emma S McBryde","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2026.2666823","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23744235.2026.2666823","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the efficacy of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) in reducing malaria incidence and malaria-related mortality among vulnerable populations.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A comprehensive search of Scopus, Medline, and CINAHL (up-to-April 2, 2026) identified experimental studies (randomised and cluster-randomised trials) evaluating the effect of ITNs impact for malaria control, and the protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024609183). Pooled-effect-sizes [rate-ratios(RRs) and odds-ratios (ORs)] were calculated, and meta-regression was conducted to examine study-level sources of variation in effect estimates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 25 studies were included in the meta-analysis, including 19 assessing malaria-incidence and 6 evaluating malaria-related mortality. Overall, ITNs demonstrated strong protective effects across diverse populations. The pooled-estimate using a random-effects model showed a 29% reduction in malaria incidence among ITNs users in Africa (RR = 0.71; 95% CI: 0.54-0.93; <i>p</i> = 0.0133; I² = 64%) and 68% in Asia (RR = 0.32; 95% CI: 0.17-0.62; <i>p</i> = 0.0007; I² = 89.0%). The pooled-odds-ratio for malaria incidence in African studies indicated a 40% reduction in odds (OR = 0.60; 95% CI: 0.44-0.82; <i>p</i> = 0.0011; I² = 86.2%), whereas the pooled-rate-ratio for malaria-related-mortality in Asia was 0.82 (95% CI: 0.77-0.89; <i>p</i> < 0.0001; I² = 0) from 5 studies, indicating an 18% reduction in mortality. Meta-regression on 17 studies confirmed an overall significant protective effect of ITNs against malaria(β = -0.84; 95% CI: -1.68 to -0.01; <i>p</i> = 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ITNs reduce malaria transmission, though effectiveness varies across regions due to ecological, epidemiological, and implementation differences.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"881-898"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148254772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical evaluation of probe capture based targeted next generation sequencing for pulmonary infection in immunocompromised patients: a cross-sectional diagnostic accuracy study.","authors":"Zhenping Wu, Hangfei Chen, Yake Yao, Junbin Wu, Hongyi Li, Wei Wang, Qiuting Jiang, Pei Li, Hua Zhou","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2026.2654559","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23744235.2026.2654559","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Timely aetiological diagnosis of pulmonary infection in immunocompromised patients (ICPs) remains challenging because clinical presentations may be atypical and conventional microbiological tests (CMTs) have limited sensitivity. Probe capture based targeted next generation sequencing (ptNGS) has emerged as a potential alternative to metagenomic next generation sequencing (mNGS), but its clinical performance in this population remains incompletely defined.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional diagnostic accuracy study, immunocompromised adults undergoing bronchoalveolar lavage for suspected pulmonary infection were enrolled. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples were analysed using CMTs, mNGS, and ptNGS. Composite clinical adjudication served as the reference standard. Diagnostic performance was compared at the case level, and pulmonary microbiota characteristics were explored.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 78 enrolled patients, 60 were classified as having pulmonary infection. Causative pathogens were identified in 52 cases, and fungal pathogens, particularly <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i>, were the most frequently detected. At the case level, ptNGS and mNGS demonstrated higher sensitivity than CMTs (80.0% vs 80.0% vs 26.7%) and showed high concordance in microorganisms identified (91.7%). Specificity was 72.2% for CMTs, compared with 44.4% for mNGS and 38.9% for ptNGS. Positive sequencing results were also observed in patients without pulmonary infection (<i>n</i> = 18), predominantly involving viral or opportunistic microorganisms. Microbiota analysis of 65 samples revealed reduced microbial alpha diversity and altered community composition in patients with pulmonary infection.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In ICPs with suspected pulmonary infection, ptNGS substantially increases pathogen detection compared with CMTs and demonstrates diagnostic performance comparable to mNGS. Sequencing results require careful clinical interpretation, given the difficulty in distinguishing infection from colonisation in respiratory specimens. Exploratory microbiota analyses suggest infection associated alterations in lung microbial ecology that warrant further validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"911-922"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147647766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosing necrotizing fasciitis: is there a difference between type I and type II with respect to computer tomography scan features?","authors":"Dakarai Dunbar, Sara Jain, Lila Berle, Janvi Madhiwala, Riva Malick, James B Doub","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2026.2701187","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23744235.2026.2701187","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Necrotising fasciitis (NF) requires rapid diagnosis to prevent morbidity and mortality. Yet clinicians rely heavily on imaging to help guide diagnosis, but type II NF is caused by non-gas producing organisms. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess computer topography (CT) imaging findings of type I compared to type II NF.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective study conducted by reviewing medical records with NF from 1/1/2020 to 12/31/2024 at a single medical centre. The presence of air on CT images was evaluated by reviewing radiology reports and manual review of imaging. Comparisons were made on imaging findings for type I compared to type II NF as well as based on location.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 367 patients had type I NF and 90 patients had type II NF. When comparing the proportion of NF with gas seen on imaging (total 75.5%), the type I cohort had a statistically significant higher rate of gas present in the soft tissues (91.8% compared to 7.8% <i>p</i>˂0.0001). When this was separated by location there was a statistically significant difference in the rates of imaging with gas in all locations except the foot.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study demonstrates that reliance on CT imaging to evaluate gas in soft tissues is not advantageous for diagnosing type II NF. Thus, this study reinforces that NF is a clinical diagnosis and CT findings without gas in the soft tissues do not exclude NF.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"949-953"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148427043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sudan's HIV crisis amid war: an urgent call to protect HIV services.","authors":"Sharmake Gaiye Bashir, Ilyas Abdullahi Khalif","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2026.2726335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23744235.2026.2726335","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148857969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spinal adhesive arachnoiditis as a disabling and underdiagnosed complication of cerebral subarachnoid neurocysticercosis: a case series.","authors":"Dylan Rosales-Mayorga, Alan Candelas-Juarez, Diana Baez-Osorio, Ximena Megchun-Vázquez, Roger Carrillo Mezo, Agnès Fleury","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2026.2722192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23744235.2026.2722192","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spinal adhesive arachnoiditis (SAA) is a severe and potentially disabling complication of neurocysticercosis (NCC), but it remains poorly characterised. We conducted a retrospective descriptive case series including patients evaluated between 2000 and 2025 at a tertiary care hospital in Mexico City. Inclusion criteria includeda definitive NCC diagnosis, SAAconfirmedby magnetic resonance imaging(MRI), complete clinical and radiological data, and a minimum follow-up of 12 months. Eight patients were included. All presented the basal subarachnoid form of NCC with parasites located in the pontobulbar cisterns. At NCC diagnosis, all patients had intracranial hypertension and markedly abnormal cerebrospinal fluid. SAA was diagnosed concomitantly with NCC in three patients, while in the remaining five,diagnosis was established between 12 and 108 months later. At SAA diagnosis, all patients presented lumbar pain, motor deficits were observed in five, and sensory deficits in six. MRI confirmed lumbosacral SAA in all patients. Despite antiparasitic and symptomatic treatment, functional outcomes were generally poor: mean Karnofsky Performance Scale score decreased from 81.25 at SAA diagnosis to 71.25 after a mean follow-up of 128 months, with four patients showing progressive functional decline. In conclusion, SAA is a rare but disabling and likely underdiagnosed complication of extraparenchymal-NCC, characterised by delayed onset, persistent inflammation, and progressive functional decline despite treatment. The large volume of the lumbar intradural subarachnoid space may explain the frequent asymptomatic period preceding SAA diagnosis. Early recognition through systematic spinal MRI in patients with pontobulbar cistern NCC may represent a critical window for intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148835398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}