Infectious diseases (London, England)最新文献

{"title":"Cognitive sequelae in post-COVID-syndrome: a Danish-Swedish case-control study.","authors":"Johan Frederik Mebus Meyer Christensen, Rikke Meyer, Madlene Holmqvist, Katherine Carlson, Sebastian Palmqvist, Fredrik Kahn, Gesche Jürgens","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2551665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23744235.2025.2551665","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>While patients with post-COVID syndrome (PCS) suffer from cognitive deficits few studies directly compare patients with PCS to subjects recovered after an infection with the 'Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)'.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate cognitive performance adjusting for age, increasing body-mass-index (BMI), smoking, years of education, gender and hospitalisation while infected in patients with PCS compared to controls fully recovered. Secondly, to stratify cognitive performance based on the SARS-CoV-2 virus strain (variant of concern 'VOC') causing the infection. Thirdly, to assess whether patients with PCS have increased levels of psychological distress and affected hand grip strength as both are associated with cognitive performance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A Danish-Swedish case-control study we recruited adult patients (18-75 years) with PCS from long-COVID outpatient clinics in Region Zealand Denmark and Skåne County Sweden. Participants had confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection >12 weeks prior to inclusion and healthy control subjects had recovered completely. All study participants were exposed to cognitive tests, Kessler's psychological distress scale (K10) and tested with a hand-dynamometer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Recruiting 181 cases and 155 control subjects, patients with PCS had reduced cognitive performance scores on all domains though hardly clinically significant. Reduced processing speed was impacted the most with patients infected early in the pandemic exhibiting greater deficits.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PCS was associated with reduced cognitive processing speed compared to fully recovered controls with those infected early in the pandemic having greater deficits. Psychological distress and hand grip strength were affected in patients with PCS, but not decisively associated with cognitive performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145056325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Viral particles do not contribute significantly to serum levels of hepatitis B surface antigen which is produced mainly from integrated HBV DNA in most patients with chronic hepatitis B.","authors":"Anders Eilard, Gustaf E Rydell, Joakim Bedner Stenbäck, Johan Ringlander, Magnus Lindh","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2555899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23744235.2025.2555899","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The surface antigen of hepatitis B virus (HBsAg) is present on viral particles (VP) and subviral particles (SVP) and is produced from both covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) and HBV DNA integrated into human chromosomes.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To calculate the contribution of VP and SVP to HBsAg levels in serum, and study to what extent the source of HBsAg is cccDNA or integrated HBV DNA.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Analysis of HBV DNA and HBsAg levels from subjects with chronic HBV infection and after initiation or cessation of antiviral treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In serum samples from 800 individuals with chronic HBV infection and no antiviral treatment, the ratio between SVP and VP was > 100 million among HBe-antigen-negative subjects with low viral load. During initiation of nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) treatment of 12 patients, the decline of HBsAg in serum was marginal or absent despite marked second phase reductions of HBV DNA, a proxy for cccDNA decline. After discontinuation of NA treatment, no increase in HBsAg levels was observed until HBV DNA had reached very high levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Viral particles do not significantly contribute to HBsAg levels in serum and in HBeAg-negative patients, and the VP/SVP ratio is much lower than previously described. The contribution from cccDNA to HBsAg levels seems to be significant only when the HBV DNA serum levels are very high and reflect a cccDNA content in the liver that produces HBsAg in amounts that equal or are greater than from integrated HBV DNA.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145042395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pooled data from phase 3 clinical trials comparing the clinical activity of ceftolozane/tazobactam versus meropenem for the treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections.","authors":"Zhiqiang Li, Yue Kang, Hongqiang Gao, Yingpeng Zhao, Ding Luo, Dongdong Wang, Xiang Zhang, Jieqi Yu, Guang Chu, Jun Cao, Fan Wang, Xiongqi Zhao, Erin Jensen, Gina Lin, Gang Chen","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2544828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23744235.2025.2544828","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T) in combination with metronidazole is an active antimicrobial therapy used to treat complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAIs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comparison of the clinical efficacy of C/T plus metronidazole vs. meropenem for the treatment of cIAIs using pooled data from four phase 3 clinical studies (CXA-cIAI-10-08, CXA-cIAI-10-09, NCT02739997 and NCT03830333).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 1,361 patients (C/T plus metronidazole, <i>n</i> = 721; meropenem, <i>n</i> = 640) were included in the pooled analysis. Clinical response rates at the test of cure (TOC) visit in the intention-to-treat (ITT) and clinically evaluable populations were 84.3% (608/721) and 86.9% (556/640) as well as 93.4% (534/572) and 93.8% (483/515), and at the end of treatment visits the rates were 90.6% (653/721) and 91.9% (588/640) as well as 96.5% (552/572) and 96.6% (499/515) for C/T plus metronidazole and meropenem, respectively. Microbiological response rates at the TOC visits in the modified ITT population were 85.3% (440/516) and 89.3% (442/495), and in the extended microbiological evaluable population 93.7% (399/426) and 94.3% (394/418) for C/T plus metronidazole and meropenem, respectively. Adverse events occurred in 341/716 (47.6%) and 280/631 (44.4%) patients treated with C/T plus metronidazole and meropenem, respectively. The most common adverse events across treatment groups were diarrhoea, nausea, pyrexia and insomnia. No new serious safety findings were identified.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The efficacy of C/T plus metronidazole was comparable with meropenem even for cIAIs and C/T plus metronidazole might be an alternative treatment option for cIAI.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145006915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Activity of sotrovimab in early clearance of SARS CoV-2 infection in severe immunocompromised patients: results of a prospective, monocentric study.","authors":"Giulio Viceconte, Antonio Riccardo Buonomo, Emilia Trucillo, Alessia D'Agostino, Daria Pietroluongo, Alessia Sardanelli, Letizia Cattaneo, Maria Foggia, Salvatore di Bernardo, Francesco Grimaldi, Mario Annunziata, Ivan Gentile","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2553664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23744235.2025.2553664","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The combination of antivirals and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in the first phase of COVID-19 has demonstrated to reduce time to viral clearance, but the superiority of combination compared to antiviral monotherapy is still debated.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>In an observational, prospective study, we enrolled immunocompromised outpatients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 treated with one antiviral monotherapy within 7 days from symptoms onset, with or without sotrovimab from January 1, 2024 to October 31, 2024, and we compared them to an identical cohort of patients treated with a combination of one antiviral and sotrovimab, from May 1, 2023 to December 30, 2023. 1st of May 2023 and 31st of October 2024. Sotrovimab administered until the end of October 2023 was considered to be presumably effective against the circulating viral variants, based on virological reports.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We enrolled considered 98 patients treated with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir or remdesivir. Sotrovimab was co-administered in 50/98 cases. All the patients cleared SARS-CoV-2 infection within a median of 17 (IQR 10-22) days. At the multivariate Cox regression analysis, therapy administration within 3 days from symptoms' onset (aHR 1.68; <i>p</i> = 0.031) and presumed sotrovimab effectiveness (aHR 1.75; <i>p</i> = 0.02) were found to be independent factors associated with for shorter time to viral clearance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The timing of administration of early antiviral therapy is crucial to reduce SARS-CoV-2 infection duration in immunocompromised patients and the combination with a mAb is associated with earlier viral clearance, as long asmAb is chosen among those effective against circulating variants.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145006977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of a varicella vaccine introduction on the incidence of herpes zoster in Korean children, an ecological study.","authors":"Joowon Lee","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2555896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23744235.2025.2555896","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>SKYVaricella^TM, a live attenuated varicella vaccine product, is known to increase the risk of herpes zoster (HZ) in vaccinated children. We investigated the impact of introducing the vaccine on HZ incidence in Korea since 2018.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This ecological study used medical records from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service in Korea. We present data on HZ incidence trend in children (<10 years) from 2010 to 2024. A change in HZ incidence trend was evaluated using linear regression analysis, with vaccine introduction as an interaction term. We then calculated the number of excess HZ cases due to the vaccine introduction in Korea.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HZ incidence in children <10 years presented a downward trend that continuously declined from 2010 to 2018. This downward trend was reversed to an upward trend in children <5 years, whereas the decreasing trend in children aged 5-9 years continued after 2019. The change in trend in children <5 years in 2019 was statistically significant (<i>p</i> < 0.001). There were 6,484 excess HZ cases in children <5 years from January 2019 to June 2024.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The vaccine introduction has resulted in a large-scale ongoing HZ outbreak in children in Korea. More studies are needed to assess the long-term impact of the vaccine on HZ incidence in vaccinated individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144981271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accuracy of extended point-of-care lung ultrasound (EPLUS) for aetiological differentiation of lower respiratory tract infections: a prospective cohort study from India.","authors":"Lisa C Ruby, Stefan F Weber, Rajagopal Kadavigere, Raviraj Vedavyasa Acharya, Rahul Magazine, Barkur Ananthakrishna Shastry, Sowmya Joylin, Ayten Sultanli, Tom Heller, Kavitha Saravu, Sabine Bélard","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2495708","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2495708","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Infectious respiratory diseases significantly cause morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) with limited diagnostic resources. This study explored the utility of lung ultrasound (LUS) paired with extra-pulmonary point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) for differentiating infectious aetiologies in lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective cohort study was conducted at a tertiary care centre in India. We recruited consenting adults with suspected LRTI who underwent extended point-of-care lung ultrasound (EPLUS). The protocol included thoracic and abdominal views assessing for lung consolidations and B-lines, pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, focal splenic lesions, and abdominal lymphadenopathy and correlated these with patients' final diagnoses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 322 participants in our analysis cohort, which had a notable prevalence of previously existing chronic lung conditions (21%) and an HIV-prevalence of 5%. Infectious lung disease was identified in 48% of patients, comprising 35% with non-TB LRTI and 13% with TB. Non-infectious lung disease was present in 21% of patients. LUS detected consolidations in 75% and >3 B-lines in 72% of participants. LUS findings were mostly non-specific and prevalent across both infectious and non-infectious conditions. Extra-pulmonary ultrasound findings, such as pericardial effusion and splenic lesions, findings common in disseminated tuberculosis, were rare.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study highlights the high sensitivity of LUS for detecting pulmonary changes but revealed low specificity to differentiate pulmonary conditions, especially in the presence of pre-existing comorbidities. Future research should explore the accuracy of combinations of clinical characteristics and ultrasound findings in algorithmic approaches, which may improve diagnostics in resource-limited settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"873-886"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144121627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimising risk assessment of emerging threats in Africa through real-time ADAMS surveillance: the case of mpox 2025 in Sierra Leone.","authors":"Francesco Branda, Massimo Ciccozzi, Fabio Scarpa","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2527683","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2527683","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"891-895"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144577141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on 'accuracy of extended point-of-care lung ultrasound (EPLUS) for aetiological differentiation of lower respiratory tract infections: a prospective cohort study from India'.","authors":"Zeeshan Solangi, Rachana Mehta, Ranjana Sah","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2529536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23744235.2025.2529536","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":"57 9","pages":"887-889"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144981335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological characteristics and clinical treatment of melioidosis: a 11-year retrospective cohort study in Hainan.","authors":"Tianzhou Lan, Guangqiang Zhao, Haichao Liu, Lei Qu, Qingjia Chi, Beibei Meng, Juan Fang, Fang Yang, Zhenhong Hu, Bin Wang, Rong Lin, Chenlong Rao, Xuhu Mao, Yao Fang","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2486727","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2486727","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Melioidosis is a tropical infectious disease caused by &lt;i&gt;Burkholderia pseudomallei&lt;/i&gt;, characterised by a high case fatality rate.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;We summarized the cases of melioidosis at Sanya People's Hospital in Hainan over the past eleven years. This information served as a reference for the epidemiological study, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of melioidosis in China.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A retrospective study was conducted to compile clinical data from 138 melioidosis patients treated at Sanya People's Hospital in Hainan Province between 2012 and 2023. By comparing these data with domestic and international clinical case studies, the study aimed to summarise the epidemiological characteristics, clinical manifestations, and therapeutic regimens of melioidosis in Hainan Island.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;This study revealed that 84.1% of melioidosis cases were observed in males (116/138). The predominant age group affected was 40 to 60 years, constituting 58.0% (80/138) of the total cases. Farmers and fishermen represented the primary demographic, accounting for 63.8% (88/138). The peak incidence of melioidosis in Hainan was observed in the wet season (summer and autumn months), representing 79.0% of cases (109/138). The most prevalent comorbidity in melioidosis cases was diabetes mellitus (77.5%). Bacteremic melioidosis was the predominant infection type (81.9%). Compared with the non-bacteremic group, the bacteremic group exhibited significantly higher incidences of complications, disseminated infections, and abnormal chest CT findings (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001, respectively). Further analysis indicated that patients with melioidosis and abnormal chest CT findings had an increased likelihood of concurrent bacteremia (OR = 7.289, 95%CI 1.608-33.039, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.010). During the acute phase of anti-infective treatment, 37.7% (52/138) of the patients underwent intravenous anti-infective drug therapy for at least 2 weeks. Additionally, 56.5% (78/138) of the patients received carbapenems (Meropenem or Imipenem, MEPN or IPM) as part of their anti-infective therapy. In the eradication phase of treatment, 66.0% (66/100) of the patients completed the recommended treatment duration of at least 12 weeks. Furthermore, the majority (90/100, 90.0%) received monotherapy with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;In Hainan Island, the prevalence of melioidosis is notably high among middle-aged male outdoor workers, exhibiting a distinct seasonal pattern with most cases occurring during the summer and autumn months. Bacteremia represents the most common form of melioidosis infection, and abnormal chest CT findings in melioidosis patients serve as a significant hint of bacteremia. Currently, the selection of antimicrobial agents for melioidosis treatment in Hainan Province generally adheres to international guidelines; however, the process requires furt","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"826-838"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143812999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to Article Commentary by Ranjana Sah and colleagues (submission ID 250331498).","authors":"Lisa C Ruby, Stefan F Weber, Tom Heller, Kavitha Saravu, Sabine Bélard","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2537736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23744235.2025.2537736","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":"57 9","pages":"890"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144981263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}