Genetic diversity and impact of vaccination on influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 in Mar del Plata, Argentina: a 2015-2020 molecular epidemiological study.

Infectious diseases (London, England) Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-21 DOI:10.1080/23744235.2025.2466118
Osvaldo Uez, Andrés Culasso, Andrea Lerman, Carlos Cimmino, Rodolfo Campos, Débora Natalia Marcone
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Abstract

Background: Influenza A viruses are a major cause of viral respiratory infections in humans, leading to a spectrum of diseases ranging from mild to severe, particularly in high-risk groups. Monitoring the frequency and evolution of A (H1N1)pdm09 viruses is essential for guiding vaccine strain selection and maintaining vaccine effectiveness.

Objectives: To characterize the evolution of circulating influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 strains in Mar del Plata(MDQ), Argentina, and estimate vaccine efficacy from 2015 to 2020, before the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

Methods: We analyzed 46 influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 strains detected by RT-PCR from patients with acute respiratory infections in MDQ between 2015 and 2020. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using maximum likelihood, and vaccine efficacy was estimated with the Pepitope model.

Results: Seven genetic clades were identified: 6B in 2015, 6B.1 in 2016-2017, 6B.1A, 6B.1A.1, and 6B.1A.3 in 2018, 6B.1A.5A in 2019-2020, and 6B.1A.5a.2 in 2020. Genetic diversity and regional clustering suggested multiple strain introductions from other Argentinian regions or countries. The predicted vaccine efficacy was highest when the frequency of influenza A (H1N1)pmd09 was below 2%, decreasing as viral frequency increased, due to mutations occurring particularly in haemagglutinin epitopes B, C, and E.

Conclusion: Our findings highlight the dynamic evolution of influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 in MDQ and emphasize the importance of continuous molecular surveillance and regular vaccine updates. Additionally, the Pepitope model proved useful in estimating vaccine efficacy. The impact of vaccination in reducing viral frequency when circulating and vaccine strains are well-matched further supports annual influenza vaccination recommendations to minimize viral burden in the community.

阿根廷马德普拉塔地区甲型H1N1流感pdm09疫苗的遗传多样性和影响:2015-2020年分子流行病学研究
背景:甲型流感病毒是人类病毒性呼吸道感染的主要原因,导致从轻度到严重的一系列疾病,特别是在高危人群中。监测甲型H1N1 pdm09病毒的频率和演变对于指导疫苗毒株选择和保持疫苗有效性至关重要。目的:了解阿根廷马德普拉塔(MDQ)流行甲型H1N1流感pdm09毒株的演变特征,并估计2015年至2020年SARS-CoV-2大流行前的疫苗效力。方法:对2015 - 2020年MDQ急性呼吸道感染患者中检测到的46株甲型H1N1流感pdm09进行RT-PCR分析。采用最大似然法进行系统发育分析,并用Pepitope模型估计疫苗效力。结果:共鉴定出7个遗传支系:2015年鉴定出6B;1 . 2016-2017年,6B。1、6 b.1a。1 . b . a . b。3 . 2018年,6B.1A。2019-2020年5A, 6B.1A.5a。2020年2个。遗传多样性和区域聚类表明多种菌株来自阿根廷其他地区或国家。当甲型H1N1流感pmd09的出现频率低于2%时,预测疫苗的效力最高,随着病毒频率的增加而降低,这主要是由于血凝素表位B、C和e发生了突变。结论:我们的研究结果强调了甲型H1N1流感pdm09在MDQ中的动态演变,并强调了持续的分子监测和定期更新疫苗的重要性。此外,Pepitope模型在估计疫苗效力方面被证明是有用的。当流行和疫苗株匹配良好时,疫苗接种在减少病毒频率方面的影响进一步支持了每年接种流感疫苗以尽量减少社区病毒负担的建议。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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