Infectious diseases (London, England)最新文献

{"title":"Improved health-related quality of life in patients with recurrent <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> infection after treatment with faecal microbiota transplantation.","authors":"Cecilia Magnusson, Elis Ölfvingsson, Henrik Hjortswang, Åse Östholm, Lena Serrander","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2024.2415694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23744235.2024.2415694","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Clostridioides difficile</i> is a major burden for both healthcare systems and the patients. Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is becoming more common as a treatment since it reduces the risk of recurrent <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> infection (rCDI).</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate how treatment with FMT is affecting the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with rCDI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective observational cohort study was conducted where patients who were offered FMT as a treatment for rCDI were asked to fill in a questionnaire based on the Short Health Scale (SHS) and EuroQol 5-Dimensions 5-Levels (EQ-5D-5L) about their HRQoL before and after treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with rCDI had poor HRQoL, which improved following FMT.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Since FMT cures, reduces the risk of new recurrences of CDI and improves the HRQoL of the patients, it should be offered as a treatment for patients with rCDI. Also, SHS is a useful and reliable instrument for measuring HRQoL in patients with rCDI.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142514073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Phase II/III multicenter randomized single blind non-inferiority immunogenicity and safety study of TeddyVac™ vaccine of Human Biologicals Institute in healthy subjects of 10 years to 60 years of age.","authors":"Sai Krishna Susarla, Manish Narang, Prashant Namdev Khandgave, Lipilekha Patnaik, Vasudev Rajapantula, Satish M, Rajashakar Bc, Devi Prasad Sahoo, Anand Kumar Kanakasapapathy","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2024.2410466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23744235.2024.2410466","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>WHO and other health agencies recommend that tetanus toxoid (TT) should be replaced by tetanus-diphtheria (Td) vaccine taking into consideration the low coverage and waning immunity, especially for diphtheria. In this randomised, multicentre, non-inferiority study, the immunogenicity and safety of TeddyVac^™ vaccine of Human Biologicals Institute were compared with an existing brand.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study involved 444 eligible subjects in two age groups at four centres across India. Group A included subjects of 18-60 years and Group B subjects of 10-18 years of age. All subjects received single dose of either TeddyVac^™ or the comparator vaccine as per randomisation. Blood samples for antibody titre estimation were collected before vaccination and 4-6 weeks after vaccination. Immunogenicity was assessed by estimating seroconversion rate, seroprotection rate, and geometric mean titres of antibodies. Safety was evaluated by collection and analysis of data on solicited and unsolicited adverse events.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 441 subjects completed the study. Both the vaccine arms showed comparable seroconversion after a single dose for both the components. Both arms showed increase in seroprotection and geometric mean titres after a single dose of vaccination for both vaccine components, being significantly better for the diphtheria component in the test vaccine arm. Only few minor local and systemic adverse events were observed in both the vaccine arms. No serious adverse event was reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study results indicate that the TeddyVac^™ vaccine is immunogenic, safe and non-inferior to the comparator Vaccine when administered to healthy subjects of 10 to 60 years of age.</p><p><strong>Ctri registration number: </strong>CTRI/2021/07/035112.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142395736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of remdesivir in patients with COVID-19 and severe renal insufficiency: a nationwide cohort study in Japan.","authors":"Gen Yamada, Yusuke Ogawa, Noriko Iwamoto, Michiyo Suzuki, Yoshie Yamada, Takahiro Itaya, Kayoko Hayakawa, Norio Ohmagari, Yosuke Yamamoto","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2024.2409729","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23744235.2024.2409729","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The effectiveness of remdesivir in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and severe renal insufficiency remains underexplored.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate whether remdesivir reduces the risk of mortality or invasive mechanical ventilation/extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (IMV/ECMO) in this population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective observational study utilising the COVID-19 Registry Japan (COVIREGI-JP) included noncritical patients with COVID-19 and severe renal insufficiency (defined as serum creatinine levels ≥3 mg/dL, on maintenance dialysis, or kidney transplant recipients) admitted to Japanese hospitals within 7 days of symptom onset between January 1, 2020 and May 8, 2023. Patients were classified into the remdesivir group if remdesivir was initiated within the first 2 days of admission. We estimated the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for mortality and initiation of IMV/ECMO using landmark analysis to address immortal time bias.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 1,449 patients included in the landmark analysis (median age, 74 years [interquartile range 62-84 years]; 992 [68.5%] were male), 272 initiated remdesivir within the first 2 days of admission. During the 28 days from the landmark timepoint, 19 (7.0%) and 136 (11.6%) patients in the remdesivir and control groups, respectively, had an outcome. The remdesivir group had a lower risk of mortality or IMV/ECMO initiation than the control group (adjusted HR, 0.44; 95% confidence interval, 0.23-0.83).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In noncritical patients with COVID-19 and severe renal insufficiency at admission, initiating remdesivir early after disease onset, within the first 2 days of admission, led to a lower risk of mortality or IMV/ECMO initiation, compared with non-initiation of remdesivir.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142378666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiparametric analysis of the specific immune response against SARS-CoV-2.","authors":"Lucie Vránová, Ingrid Poláková, Šárka Vaníková, Martina Saláková, Jan Musil, Marie Vaníčková, Ondřej Vencálek, Michal Holub, Miloš Bohoněk, David Řezáč, Jiří Dresler, Ruth Tachezy, Michal Šmahel","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2024.2358379","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23744235.2024.2358379","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19, has killed more than 7 million people worldwide. Understanding the development of postinfectious and postvaccination immune responses is necessary for effective treatment and the introduction of appropriate antipandemic measures.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We analysed humoral and cell-mediated anti-SARS-CoV-2 immune responses to spike (S), nucleocapsid (N), membrane (M), and open reading frame (O) proteins in individuals collected up to 1.5 years after COVID-19 onset and evaluated immune memory.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Peripheral blood mononuclear cells and serum were collected from patients after COVID-19. Sampling was performed in two rounds: 3-6 months after infection and after another year. Most of the patients were vaccinated between samplings. SARS-CoV-2-seronegative donors served as controls. ELISpot assays were used to detect SARS-CoV-2-specific T and B cells using peptide pools (S, NMO) or recombinant proteins (rS, rN), respectively. A CEF peptide pool consisting of selected viral epitopes was applied to assess the antiviral T-cell response. SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies were detected <i>via</i> ELISA and a surrogate virus neutralisation assay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We confirmed that SARS-CoV-2 infection induces the establishment of long-term memory IgG⁺ B cells and memory T cells. We also found that vaccination enhanced the levels of anti-S memory B and T cells. Multivariate comparison also revealed the benefit of repeated vaccination. Interestingly, the T-cell response to CEF was lower in patients than in controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study supports the importance of repeated vaccination for enhancing immunity and suggests a possible long-term perturbation of the overall antiviral immune response caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"851-869"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141163013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of implementing a vaccination tool in the electronic medical record on vaccination coverage of patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: a prospective cohort study.","authors":"Liselotte Fierens, Sofie Coenen, Johan Joly, Tine Vanhoutvin, Els De Dycker, Delphine Bertrand, Eva Van Laer, Jens Penny, Jan Reumers, Patrick Verschueren, Petra De Haes, Paul De Munter, Marc Ferrante","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2024.2361795","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23744235.2024.2361795","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The rising incidence of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMID) requires innovative management strategies, including effective vaccination. We aimed to assess the impact of an electronic medical record (EMR)-integrated vaccination tool on vaccination coverage among patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), rheumatological and dermatological conditions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective observational study compared vaccination coverage before (2018) and after (2021) implementing the module. Vaccination data for influenza, pneumococcus, hepatitis B and tetanus, and potential predictors were collected from 1430 IMID patients (44.9% male, median age (interquartile range [IQR]) 54 (40-66) years, 789 with IBD, 604 with rheumatological and 37 with dermatological conditions). Data were analysed using McNemar, chi-square tests and multinominal logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant increases in pneumococcus (56.6% to 73.1%, <i>p</i> < .001) and hepatitis B vaccination (62.2% to 75.9%, <i>p</i> < .001) were observed. Influenza vaccination rates increased among IBD (76.2% to 80.5%, <i>p</i> = .006) but remained stable overall (73.1% to 73.2%, <i>p</i> = 1.000). Tetanus vaccination rates decreased (71.5% to 55.0%, <i>p</i> < .001). The proportion of fully vaccinated patients (against influenza in the past year for patients >50 years old and/or under immunosuppressive therapy, against pneumococcus in the past 5 years for patients >65 years old and/or under immunosuppressive therapy and additionally against hepatitis B for IBD patients) rose from 41.3% to 54.8% (<i>p</i> < .001 all using McNemar). Factors associated with vaccinations included age, immunosuppressive therapy and education level.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Increased vaccination coverage was measured after implementing the vaccination tool. The COVID19 pandemic and the 2018 measurement might have increased vaccination awareness. Education of patients and healthcare professionals remains crucial.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"870-879"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141285488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The respiratory route of transmission of virulent polioviruses.","authors":"T Jacob John, Dhanya Dharmapalan, Robert Steinglass, Norbert Hirschhorn","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2024.2392791","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23744235.2024.2392791","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>The route of transmission of wild and circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses remains controversial, between respiratory and faecal-oral, and we aim to identify the most plausible one to settle the controversy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We explored available epidemiological clues and evidence in support of either route in order to arrive at an evidence-based conclusion.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Historically the original concept was respiratory transmission based on epidemiological features of age distribution, which was later revised to faecal-oral as the rationale for popularising the live attenuated oral polio vaccine in preference to the inactivated poliovirus vaccine. Through epidemiological logic, we find no evidence for the faecal-oral route from available studies and observations, but all available information supports the respiratory route.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The route is respiratory, not faecal-oral. The global polio eradication initiative assumed it was faecal-oral - and its gargantuan efforts based on this assumption have failed in two ways: eradication remains pending and circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses have seeded widely. With clarity on the route of transmission the choice of vaccine is also clear - it can only be the inactivated poliovirus vaccine.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"918-924"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142006086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the new SARS-CoV-2 variant KP.3.1.1: focus on its genetic potential.","authors":"Francesco Branda, Massimo Ciccozzi, Fabio Scarpa","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2024.2391020","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23744235.2024.2391020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"903-906"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141984083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Naegleria fowleri</i> infections in Kerala, India: a call for global surveillance and response.","authors":"Priyanka Mohapatra, Pramod Rawat, Sanjit Sah, Prakasini Satapathy","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2024.2383720","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23744235.2024.2383720","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"925-927"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141763034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HLA-C*07 is associated with symptomatic HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) and immune dysregulation.","authors":"Eduardo Pons-Fuster, Enrique Bernal, Concepción F Guillamón, Lourdes Gimeno, María V Martínez-Sánchez, Inmaculada Ruiz-Lorente, José A Campillo, Diana Ceballos, Ana Torres, Cristina Tomás, Ángeles Muñoz, Antonia Alcaraz, Pedro Selma, Carlos Ruiz-Nicolas, Manuel Muro, Alfredo Minguela","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2024.2351047","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23744235.2024.2351047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) in stable patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy (ART) may result from ongoing immune dysregulation and chronic inflammation. A contributing factor may result from the unstable HLA class I allele, HLA-C*07.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the genetic profile of killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR), human leukocyte antigens (HLA), and immune activation or senescence markers and their association with HAND in stable HIV-1 patients receiving ART.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An observational cross-sectional study was carried out with 96 patients with asymptomatic or symptomatic HAND. HLA and KIR as well as immune activation/senescence biomarkers in peripheral blood cells were assessed by SSO-Luminex typing and flow cytometry, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HLA-C*07 is associated with symptomatic HAND. The frequency of two copies of HLA-C*07 was higher in patients with symptomatic than with asymptomatic HAND (12.0 vs. 2.2%, <i>ρ</i> < 0.001). The percentage of senescent CD8⁺CD28^- T-cells was higher in patients with two copies of HLA-C*07 (<i>ρ</i> < 0.05). In patients with symptomatic HAND, the percentages of non-senescent CD8⁺CD28⁺ T cells were inversely proportional to the number of copies of the HLA-C*07 (<i>ρ</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients with symptomatic HAND showed a higher frequency of the homozygotic unstable HLA-C*07 allotype, which could be associated with neurocognitive complications. Two copies of HLA-C*07 were associated with immune senescent T lymphocyte profiles characterized by the loss of CD28 expression.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"818-829"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140923704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phage therapy: an alternative treatment modality for MDR bacterial infections.","authors":"Namrata Pal, Poonam Sharma, Manoj Kumawat, Samradhi Singh, Vinod Verma, Rajnarayan R Tiwari, Devojit Kumar Sarma, Ravinder Nagpal, Manoj Kumar","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2024.2379492","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23744235.2024.2379492","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increasing global incidence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections threatens public health and compromises various aspects of modern medicine. Recognising the urgency of this issue, the World Health Organisation has prioritised the development of novel antimicrobials to combat ESKAPEE pathogens. Comprising <i>Enterococcus faecium</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter</i> spp. and <i>Escherichia coli</i>, such pathogens represent a spectrum of high to critical drug resistance, accounting for a significant proportion of hospital-acquired infections worldwide. In response to the waning efficacy of antibiotics against these resilient pathogens, phage therapy (PT) has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy. This review provides a comprehensive summary of clinical research on PT and explores the translational journey of phages from laboratory settings to clinical applications. It examines recent advancements in pre-clinical and clinical developments, highlighting the potential of phages and their proteins, alone or in combination with antibiotics. Furthermore, this review underlines the importance of establishing safe and approved routes of phage administration to patients. In conclusion, the evolving landscape of phage therapy offers a beacon of hope in the fight against MDR bacterial infections, emphasising the imperative for continued research, innovation and regulatory diligence to realise its full potential in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"785-817"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141629464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}