Infectious diseases (London, England)最新文献

{"title":"Letter regarding a herpes zoster outbreak in Korean children: insights from an additional 14 months of data.","authors":"Joowon Lee","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2026.2668004","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23744235.2026.2668004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"738-740"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147936058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ancient species as a source of novel strategies in the management of infectious diseases.","authors":"Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui, Naveed Ahmed Khan","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2026.2666824","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23744235.2026.2666824","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"741-744"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147846987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 severity biomarkers identified by transcriptomics: a scoping review.","authors":"Thais Teixeira Oliveira, Viviane Priscila Barros de Medeiros, Júlia Firme Freitas, Giovanna Melo Martins Silva, Thiago Jesus da Silva Xavier, Lucymara Fassarella Agnez-Lima","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2026.2651977","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23744235.2026.2651977","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Omics technologies, particularly transcriptomics, were widely used during the COVID-19 pandemic to investigate host and viral gene expression. Given the substantial number of studies published during this period, systematic reviews are essential for synthesising findings and identifying consistent patterns.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This scoping review aimed to identify and evaluate transcriptomic studies of SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans published between 2020 and January 2023, with a focus on genes and pathways affected by the virus.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed and Scopus, employing predefined keywords. Studies were screened using established inclusion and exclusion criteria, and only articles published in journals affiliated with the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) or Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) were included. Data extraction followed a two-step process, collecting detailed information on sample and patient characteristics, transcriptomic methods, and main findings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Despite methodological differences and varying time points of sample collection, several immune-related genes and pathways were recurrently reported. These included cytokines and chemokines (e.g. CXCL8, TNF-α, CCL2, CXCL10, and IL-1B), interferon-stimulated genes (e.g. MX1, IFI27, IRF7, and ISG15), and neutrophil degranulation markers (e.g. S100A8 and S100A9).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The recurrent identification of these genes underscores their potential as prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets, thereby contributing to a deeper understanding of immunopathological mechanisms and supporting the development of improved diagnostic tools and early intervention strategies. However, limited reproducibility across studies poses challenges for robust meta-analyses, underscoring the urgent need for standardised guidelines and protocols to improve consistency and reliability in future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"661-679"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147693488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hospitalisation and healthcare burden of respiratory syncytial virus in adults aged 50 years and older in France, 2015-2022.","authors":"Mathias Vacheret, Jessica Y El Khoury, Stéphane Fiévez, Emmanuelle Blanc, Laurence Watier, Jean-Sebastien Casalegno, Hervé Lilliu, Philippe Vanhems, Louise Baschet, Clélia Bignon-Favary, Pippa McKelvie-Sebileau, Lauren Inchboard, Paul Loubet","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2026.2693590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23744235.2026.2693590","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) can cause severe illness in adults, leading to respiratory and non-respiratory complications, functional decline, hospitalisation, and death.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study describes French patients aged ≥50 years hospitalised with RSV (2015-2022) and their care pathways, including hospitalisation and outpatient healthcare use and costs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were extracted from the French National Health Data System (SNDS). Patients were classified into four risk groups (high: immunocompromised; medium: underlying predisposition; other; no comorbidities) and four age groups (50-59, 60-64, 65-74, ≥75 years). Healthcare use (laboratory tests, imaging, pharmacy, GP visits, rehospitalisations) and costs were analysed across three periods: 60-30 days pre-hospitalisation (reference period), index hospitalisation, and 30 days post-hospitalisation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 15,509 RSV-related hospitalisations for 15,169 adults ≥50 years. Median age was 80 years, with age ≥75 years comprising 61.7% of the cohort. 15.9% were high risk, 71.4% medium risk, 4.8% other, and 7.8% had no comorbidities. Intensive care was required in 25.4% of cases. In-hospital mortality was 8.5%, with an additional 3.8% dying within 30 days post-discharge. Rehospitalisation occurred in 17.8% of patients, nearly half for cardiorespiratory causes. Median index hospitalisation cost was €4,252 (Q1; Q3: €3,077; €7,007), and post-hospitalisation costs increased across all ages and risk profiles compared to the reference period.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>RSV imposes a substantial hospitalisation and cost burden in adults ≥50 years, especially older patients and those with comorbidities. Expanded preventive vaccination strategies could help reduce this impact.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148341471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiological sampling in lower respiratory tract infections: comparing nasopharyngeal and sputum specimens.","authors":"Hanne Loe Kibsgaard, Maria Mathisen, Tone Kofstad, Lars Heggelund, Karl Erik Müller","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2026.2690146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23744235.2026.2690146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To provide targeted antimicrobial treatment in lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs), obtaining a microbiological diagnosis is a prerequisite. Despite guideline recommendations, diagnostic sputum sampling is rarely performed in the emergency room (ER). There is a lack of studies comparing microbiological findings from upper and lower respiratory tract specimens, especially for culture.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We conducted a prospective cohort quality study in the ER including 101 adult patients admitted with suspected LRTI between June 2023 and March 2024. Participants provided nasopharyngeal swabs and spontaneous or induced sputum for bacterial culture, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detecting viruses as well as bacteria causing atypical pneumonia. Sputum quality was assessed by light field microscopy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PCR detected pathogens in 34.7% and culture in 31.7% of the participants. We observed no difference in the microbiological yield between the sampling sites. Negative and positive percent agreement between sample sites by PCR was 97.1% and 94.1%, respectively, whereas it was 84.1% and 47.8% by culture. Performing sputum induction in participants not able to produce spontaneous sputum significantly increased the proportion of participants with a microbiological diagnosis. Only one mild adverse event occurred in the 62 participants who underwent sputum induction.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this study, sampling site for PCR analyses was of less importance in LRTI. For culture, agreement between sampling sites was poor, and sputum probably provides more representative results than nasopharyngeal specimens in LRTI. Sputum induction is feasible and safe and should be encouraged when patients cannot produce spontaneous sputum.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148304115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Severe surgical site infections following cochlear implant surgery.","authors":"M Rausch, A Baguant, S Schmerber, R Quatre","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2026.2690141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23744235.2026.2690141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to describe epidemiology and management of severe surgical site infections (SSIs) following cochlear implantation (CI) and to identify risk factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective monocentric study of all CI procedures was performed at our tertiary referral centre between January 2018 and December 2023. Data on patient demographics, clinical features and postoperative infections were collected. Severe SSIs were defined as abscess, skin flap necrosis or device extrusion requiring hospitalisation and/or IV antibiotics. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify risk factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 383 CIs, 3.6% (<i>n</i> = 14) developed severe SSIs. A salvage surgery was attempted in 85.7% of cases and the device explantation rate was of 71.4%. <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> were the most identified pathogens. Chronic otorrhea was identified as a statistically significant risk factor for severe SSI (<i>p</i> < 0.001). No significant associations were found with obesity, tobacco use, diabetes, bilateral implantation or implantation renewal.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Severe SSIs following CI are rare but challenging to treat, with a poor outcome. Chronic otorrhea appears to be a significant risk factor. Early intervention with IV antibiotics followed by salvage surgery may help avoid explantation.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148274072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Queensland Bloodstream Infections (QBSI) study: rationale, protocol development and future directions.","authors":"Kevin B Laupland, Felicity Edwards, Patrick N A Harris, Adam Irwin, Burcu Isler, Holly Hamilton, Sonali Coulter, Adam G Stewart","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2026.2690140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23744235.2026.2690140","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although the availability of high-quality surveillance data is critical to inform efforts to reduce the major burden of bloodstream infections (BSIs), there remains a paucity of comprehensive population-based investigations worldwide.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe the rationale and protocol development of the Queensland BSI (QBSI) study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Population-based laboratory surveillance was performed for all BSIs occurring in the publicly funded healthcare system in Queensland, Australia during 2000-2023. Linkages to statewide hospital admissions and vital statistics databases have been performed to determine clinical determinants and mortality outcomes for a minimum of 1 year post-BSI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Standardised definitions were developed to identify incident episodes of BSI and classify them according to type of onset. More than 3.7 million blood cultures were processed during the study period of which a total of 444,279 positive blood cultures were initially identified. Hospital registrations statewide within two years before index culture and one year after were included (<i>n</i> = 2,425,688 with 10,341,136 associated International Statistical Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes during 2000-2023). Comorbidities were classified using previously developed ICD-based algorithms for adults and children and all-cause case-fatality at 30, 90 and 365 days was chosen as the primary outcome measure.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The QBSI study is an evolving program designed to comprehensively examine the epidemiology and outcome of BSIs occurring among residents of this large Australian state. Our aim is to share our experiences to support the development of collaborating centres elsewhere to accelerate epidemiology knowledge and ultimately reduce the major burden due to BSI in populations worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148267137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term follow-up of antibody and T-cell responses after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination in infection-naïve and infected individuals with focus on breakthrough infections.","authors":"Emelie Marklund, Susannah Leach, Kristina Nyström, Anna-Maj Albertsson, Ying Li, Aylin Yilmaz, Lars-Magnus Andersson, Mats Bemark, Anna Lundgren, Magnus Gisslén","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2026.2624526","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23744235.2026.2624526","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Long-term prospective data on antibody and T-cell responses beyond the third COVID-19 mRNA vaccine dose, particularly in relation to prior SARS-CoV-2 infections and breakthrough infections, remain limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Health care workers (HCWs) vaccinated with BNT162b2 were enrolled in January 2021. Blood samples were collected before and one month after each of four vaccine doses through December 2022. IgG antibodies against the spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) and the nucleocapsid (N) proteins were analysed, and T-cell responses (IFN-γ, IL-2, TNF-α) were measured after spike peptide stimulation. Neutralising antibodies (NAbs) against Omicron BA.1 were assessed in a subset (<i>n</i> = 61). RBD-IgG and cytokine levels were compared between infected and infection-naïve individuals, adjusted for age and sex.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 108 HCWs, 32% were infected before vaccination. Breakthrough infections were rare before dose 3 but increased with the emergence of Omicron, affecting 77% of the participants until study end. RBD-IgG levels were consistently significantly higher in individuals with hybrid immunity than in infection-naïve participants, except one month after dose 3. When breakthrough infections were excluded, this difference only persisted through dose 3. IFN-γ responses largely mirrored RBD-IgG, while IL-2 responses were less affected by repeat doses and TNF-α responses were highly variable.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Individuals with hybrid immunity had significantly higher RBD-IgG levels than infection-naïve subjects up to 23 months post-vaccination when including breakthrough infections, while elevated antibody responses were limited to the first year in those infected pre-vaccination. Differences were more pronounced for antibody than T-cell responses when comparing individuals with and without breakthrough infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"616-631"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146121347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergence of rabies in Timor-Leste: public health and regional implications.","authors":"Marcos Carvalho, Saad Arsalan Wasti","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2026.2661740","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23744235.2026.2661740","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"653-655"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147791023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of short versus long treatment duration of ESBL pneumonia in critically ill patients: a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Daniela Wall, Ty Drake, Gabriel Patarroyo Aponte, Shaojie Zhang, Jennifer Cortes","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2026.2621295","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23744235.2026.2621295","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) are an increasing cause of pneumonia in critically ill patients. Current guidelines recommend 7 days of antibiotic therapy for hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated pneumonia, but evidence specific to ESBL-E pneumonia is limited.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to compare the clinical outcomes of short versus long antibiotic treatment duration in critically ill patients with pneumonia caused by ESBL-E.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study included adults admitted to an intensive care unit with pneumonia caused by ESBL-E between January 2019 and August 2024. Patients were categorised into short-duration (≤7 days) or long-duration (>7 days) antibiotic therapy groups. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the primary outcome of clinical cure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 121 patients were included (64 short-duration, 57 long-duration). Clinical cure was achieved in 56.3% vs. 38.6% (<i>p</i> = 0.052) in unadjusted analysis. In the adjusted multivariable model, treatment duration was not significantly associated with clinical cure (OR 0.403; 95% CI 0.126-1.288; <i>p</i> = 0.125). Treatment failure occurred in 50.0% vs. 68.4% (<i>p</i> = 0.040), and microbiologic cure in 78.1% vs. 59.7% (<i>p</i> = 0.028). Median hospital length of stay was shorter with short-duration therapy (20.5 vs. 38.1 days, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Recurrence, all-cause mortality, ICU length of stay, mechanical ventilation, and antibiotic-free days were not significantly different. Multidrug-resistant organisms developed in 7.8% vs. 14.0% (<i>p</i> = 0.270).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Short-duration antibiotic therapy for pneumonia caused by ESBL-E in critically ill patients showed no difference in clinical cure compared to long-duration therapy. Further studies are needed to determine the effect of antibiotic duration on clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"597-604"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146069144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}