Infectious diseases (London, England)最新文献

{"title":"Effectiveness and safety of Ceftolozane/Tazobactam administered in continuous infusion through elastomeric pumps in OPAT regimen: a case series.","authors":"Gabriele Giuliano, Domenico Tarantino, Enrica Tamburrini, Mario Cesare Nurchis, Giancarlo Scoppettuolo, Francesca Raffaelli","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2024.2387130","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23744235.2024.2387130","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to present real-life data on the use, effectiveness, and safety of administering Ceftolozane/Tazobactam (C/T) through elastomeric pumps (EP) in the outpatient setting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This case series study was conducted from January 2022 to July 2023 in a large University Hospital in Rome, Italy. Patients receiving continuous infusion of C/T <i>via</i> EP were included up to a follow-up period of 90 days after the end of antibiotic therapy. The primary endpoint was the infection's clinical cure rate. Secondary endpoints were adverse events attributable to continuous home infusion of Ceftolozane/Tazobactam <i>via</i> elastomeric pumps.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seven patients received C/T continuously infused <i>via</i> EP and were included in the final analysis. Three patients suffered from prosthetic joint infection (<i>n</i> = 3/7; 43%), two patients from osteomyelitis (<i>n</i> = 2/7; 29%), one patient from otomastoiditis (<i>n</i> = 1/7; 15%) and one from pneumonia (<i>n</i> = 1/7; 15%). All infection were sustained by <i>P. aeruginosa.</i> Five strains had MDR-type susceptibility profiles (<i>n</i> = 5/7; 71%) and two of these were DTR (<i>n</i> = 2/7; 29%). The infection cure rate reached 86% (<i>n</i> = 6/7). Two patients reported a complication related to the vascular catheter for drug infusion (<i>n</i> = 2/7; 29%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Continuous infusion of Ceftolozane/Tazobactam by elastomeric pumps has been shown to be safe and effective in practice representing a viable option of intravenous treatment in outpatient setting for infection sustained by <i>P. aeruginosa</i> especially for multidrug-resistant strains.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"887-893"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142309273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acyclovir treatment of varicella-zoster virus meningeal infections and acute kidney injury: a multicentre case series study.","authors":"Myriam Contamine, Florence Ader, Quentin Lepiller, Benoit Martha, Joséphine Cagnon-Chapalain, Paul Leturnier, Emilie Frober, Kevin Bouiller, Christine Binquet, Christelle Auvray, Lionel Piroth, Mathieu Blot","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2024.2355989","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23744235.2024.2355989","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Systematic treatment with intravenous acyclovir is usually given when varicella zoster virus (VZV) DNA is isolated in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), indicating central nervous system (CNS) involvement. Our study aimed to describe therapeutic management and acute kidney injury (AKI) occurrence during acyclovir treatment of VZV infection with CNS involvement.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Multicentre, retrospective study including all patients from 2010 to 2022 with VZV DNA in CSF. Patient management and outcomes were compared according to clinical presentation and indications for intravenous acyclovir: i) definite (encephalitis, myelitis or stroke, peripheral nervous system (PNS) with ≥ 2 roots, herpes zoster ≥ 3 dermatomes, immunosuppression), ii) questionable (1 or 2 dermatomes) or iii) no indication (other situations).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>154 patients were included (median age 66 (interquartile range 43-77), 87 (56%) males); 60 (39%) had encephalitis, myelitis or stroke, 35 (23%) had PNS involvement, 37 (24%) had isolated meningitis, 14 (9%) had isolated cutaneous presentation, and 8 (5%) had other presentations. Overall, 128 (83%) received intravenous acyclovir for more than 72 h. AKI occurred in 57 (37%) patients. Finally, 42 (27%) and 25 (16%) patients had respectively no or a questionable indication for intravenous acyclovir, while 29 (69%) and 23 (92%) of them received it for more than 72 h, with AKI in 13 (35%) and 13 (52%) patients, respectively. In-hospital mortality was 12% (<i>n</i> = 18), and no deaths were reported in isolated meningitis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Intravenous acyclovir is widely prescribed when VZV DNA is isolated in CSF, regardless of the clinical presentation, with a high rate of AKI. Further studies are needed to better define the value of intravenous acyclovir in isolated VZV meningitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"842-850"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141187028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features of the SARS-CoV-2 KP.3 variant mutations.","authors":"Francesco Branda, Massimo Ciccozzi, Fabio Scarpa","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2024.2385500","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23744235.2024.2385500","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"894-896"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141857250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of cross-reactivity and herd immunity on SARS-CoV-2 pandemic severity.","authors":"Nana Owusu-Boaitey, Lucas Böttcher, Daihai He, Ryenchindorj Erkhembayar, Lin Yang, Dong-Hyun Kim, Anton Barchuk, David H Gorski, Jonathan Howard","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2024.2388222","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23744235.2024.2388222","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Public health systems reported low mortality from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in East Asia, in low-income countries, and for children during the first year of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. These reports led commentators to suggest that cross-reactive immunity from prior exposure to other pathogens reduced fatality risk. Resolution of initial infection waves also contributed to speculation that herd immunity prevented further waves prior to vaccination. Serology instead implied that immunity was too limited to achieve herd immunity and that there was little impact from cross-reactive protection. Paediatric deaths exceeded those from influenza, with higher age-specific fatality risk in lower-income nations and similar fatality risk in East Asia compared with demographically similar regions. Neither pre-outbreak exposure to related pathogens nor immunity induced by initial infection waves are necessarily a reliable response to future pathogen outbreaks. Preparedness for future pathogen outbreaks should instead focus on strategies such as voluntary behavioural changes, nonpharmaceutical interventions, and vaccination.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"897-902"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141972411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensitive and rapid identification of pathogens by droplet digital PCR in a cohort of septic patients: a prospective diagnostic study.","authors":"Zhenping Wu, Yake Yao, Xi Li, Hongliu Cai, Guobin Wang, Wenqiao Yu, Hui Lou, Qi Chen, Zhu Zeng, Hao Yu, Jiang Xia, Yunsong Yu, Hua Zhou","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2024.2354312","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23744235.2024.2354312","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is a critical need for a rapid and sensitive pathogen detection method for septic patients. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic efficacy of Digital droplet polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) in identifying pathogens among suspected septic patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a prospective pilot diagnostic study to clinically validate the multiplex ddPCR panel in diagnosing suspected septic patients. A total of 100 sepsis episodes of 89 patients were included in the study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In comparison to blood culture, the ddPCR panel exhibited an overall sensitivity of 75.0% and a specificity of 69.7%, ddPCR yielded an additional detection rate of 17.0% for sepsis cases overall, with a turnaround time of 2.5 h. The sensitivity of ddPCR in the empirical antibiotic treatment and the non-empirical antibiotic treatment group were 78.6% versus 80.0% (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Antimicrobial resistance genes were identified in a total of 13 samples. Whenever ddPCR detected the genes beta-lactamase-Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (blaKPC) or beta-lactamase-New Delhi metallo (blaNDM), these findings corresponded to the cultivation of carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria. Dynamic ddPCR monitoring revealed a consistent alignment between the quantitative ddPCR results and the trends observed in C-reactive protein and procalcitonin levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Compared to blood culture, ddPCR exhibited higher sensitivity for pathogen diagnosis in suspected septic patients, and it provided pathogen and drug resistance information in a shorter time. The quantitative results of ddPCR generally aligned with the trends seen in C-reactive protein and procalcitonin levels, indicating that ddPCR can serve as a dynamic monitoring tool for pathogen load in septic patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"830-841"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140960799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Re-emergence of Mpox associated with a distinct MPXV clade: implications for public health and stigma mitigation.","authors":"Alberto Rizzo, Andrea Giacomelli, Davide Moschese, Davide Mileto","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2024.2388835","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23744235.2024.2388835","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"928-929"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141894946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk of COVID-19 hospitalisation by HIV-status and SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status during pre- and post-Omicron era in a national register-based cohort study in Sweden.","authors":"Isabela Killander Möller, Pontus Hedberg, Philippe Wagner, Hannes Lindahl, Sofia Nyström, Lisa Blixt, Sandra Eketorp Sylvan, Åsa Nilsdotter-Augustinsson, Anders Österborg, Mats Fredrikson, Lotta Hansson, Fredrik Kahn, Pär Sparén, Magnus Gisslén, Pontus Nauclér, Peter Bergman, Soo Aleman, Christina Carlander","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2024.2405582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23744235.2024.2405582","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Data on the outcomes of COVID-19 in people living with HIV (PLHIV), specifically in relation to vaccination status, are lacking during the Omicron era.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This nationwide registry-based study included all resident in Sweden ≥18 years with a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test during January 2021-February 2023. We estimated adjusted odds ratios (adjOR) for COVID-19 hospitalisation and severe COVID-19 (ICU admission and 90-day mortality), categorised by SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status (0-1, 2, and ≥3 doses), and HIV-status. Analyses were then categorised by time periods of pre-Omicron, Omicron during public testing, and Omicron after public testing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>1348 PLHIV and 1 669 389 people without HIV (PWoH) were included. PLHIV were older, more migrant (65 <i>vs.</i> 22%) and male (59 <i>vs.</i> 46%). Of PLHIV, 96% were on antiretroviral treatment and 94% virally suppressed. AdjORs of COVID-19 hospitalisation were similar irrespective of HIV-status, controlled for demographics, calendar month of infection, comorbidities, and income. PLHIV were more likely to be hospitalised than PWoH during Omicron and public testing (adjOR 2.3, 95% CI 1.1-4.2), but not after public testing. The odds of severe COVID-19 were three times higher in PLHIV compared to PWoH vaccinated with 2 doses (adjOR 3.2, 95% CI 1.3-6.9), but not when vaccinated with ≥3 doses (adjOR 0.7, 95% CI 0.2-1.6). Migrant and low nadir CD4⁺ T-cells were associated with higher odds of hospitalisation in unvaccinated PLHIV.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This nationwide study, including mostly well-treated PLHIV, highlights the importance of vaccination with booster dose/s for effective protection against severe COVID-19 in PLHIV.KEY POINTPeople living with HIV compared to people without HIV did not have higher odds of COVID-19 hospitalisation irrespective of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status (0-1 dose, 2 doses, ≥3 doses) when adjusting for known risk factors including comorbidities and socioeconomic status.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142333867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term risk of HCC in a DAA-treated national hepatitis C cohort, and a proposed risk score.","authors":"Charlotte Lybeck, Daniel Bruce, Robert Szulkin, Scott Montgomery, Soo Aleman, Ann-Sofi Duberg","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2024.2403703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23744235.2024.2403703","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains elevated in cirrhotic hepatitis C patients with sustained virological response (SVR) after DAA treatment. We assessed long-term HCC risk stratified by pretreatment liver stiffness measurement (LSM) and developed a risk score algorithm.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This register-based nationwide cohort study of 7,227 DAA-treated patients with SVR evaluated annual HCC incidence rates (IRs) and cumulative incidences stratified by pretreatment LSM. The association between LSM and HCC risk was analyzed using multivariate Cox regression. A risk score algorithm was developed and internally validated in 2,664 individuals with LSM >9.5 kPa, assigning each patient a score based on risk factors, proportionally weighted by the association with HCC risk.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During a median follow-up of 1.8 years (3.2 years for LSM ≥12.5 kPa), 92 patients (1.3%) developed HCC. The IRs for LSM 9.5-12.4, 12.5-19.9 and ≥20 kPa were 0.21, 0.99 and 2.20 HCC/100 PY, respectively, with no significant risk reduction during follow-up. The HRs (and 95% CI) for LSM 9.5-12.5, 12.5-19.9 and ≥20 kPa are 1.19 (0.43-3.28), 4.66 (2.17-10.01) and 10.53 (5.26-21.08), respectively. Risk score models including FIB-4, alcohol, diabetes, age and LSM effectively stratified patients with LSM >9.5 kPa into low-, intermediate- and high-risk groups, with a Harrell's C of 0.799. Notably, 48% with LSM ≥9.5 kPa and 27% ≥12.5 kPa were classified as low-risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pretreatment LSM is associated with HCC risk, which remains stable during the initial five years post-SVR. The HCC risk score algorithm effectively identifies low-risk patients, who may not require HCC surveillance.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142333866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of clinical characteristics and outcomes in hospitalized adult patients infected with respiratory syncytial virus and influenza virus.","authors":"Sun Hee Na, Hyeon Jae Jo, Jin Ju Park, Yubin Seo, Jacob Lee, Jiyeon Bae, Minkyeong Lee, Chan Mi Lee, Chang Kyung Kang, Pyoeng Gyun Choe, Wan Beom Park, Nam Joong Kim","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2024.2402914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23744235.2024.2402914","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Because patients infected with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) have been reported to be older than patients infected with influenza virus, the more frequent incidence of complications in RSV-infected patients may be age-related. This study compared clinical characteristics and outcomes in hospitalized adults infected with RSV with findings in age- and sex-matched adults infected with influenza virus.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The medical records of hospitalized adult patients infected with RSV or influenza virus at two university hospitals from 2013 to 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Virus infection was confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Each RSV-infected patient was matched by age and sex with two influenza virus-infected patients, and their clinical symptoms, laboratory parameters and hospital courses were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study cohort consisted of 552 patients, 184 infected with RSV and 368 infected with influenza virus. Fever (71.2% vs. 79.9%, <i>p</i> = .022) and cough (70.1% vs. 80.4%, <i>p</i> = .007) were significantly less frequent in the RSV than in the influenza group, whereas white blood cell counts (9132/mm³ vs. 7616/mm³, <i>p</i> < .001) and C-reactive protein concentrations (10.25 vs. 8.88 mg/dL, <i>p</i> = .029) were significantly higher in the RSV group. The frequency of oxygen therapy was higher (60.3% vs. 48.6%, <i>p</i> = .010) and hospital stay was longer (8 vs. 6 days, <i>p</i> = .003) in RSV than in influenza virus-infected patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Clinical symptoms were less frequent, but disease was more severe, in hospitalized adult patients infected with RSV than in age- and sex-matched patients infected with influenza. Greater attention should be paid to diagnosing and preventing RSV infection in adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142302609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The descriptive epidemiology of adverse events following two doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccination in Curaçao, the Caribbean.","authors":"Jonathan Lambo, Sirving Keli, Shaheen Khan Kaplan, Temiloluwa Njideaka-Kevin, Sireesha Bala Arja, Alaa Khedir Omer Altahir, Itunu Olonade, Rohit Kumar","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2024.2399108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23744235.2024.2399108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccines have been used for mass vaccinations in Curaçao, the Caribbean but information on adverse events (AEs)in this population is unavailable. This study describes the characteristics of vaccinees that incurred AEs, explores the associations between AEs by vaccine and doses, and estimates the rate of AEs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Vaccination and AEs data for all persons of age 5 years (range 5-105 years) and older who received two doses of COVID-19 vaccine at 71 centres in Curaçao between February 24, 2021, and April 5, 2023, were included in this retrospective observational study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The vaccines differed significantly in the frequency distribution of vaccinees by age, age groups, sex, AEs, and prior COVID-19 infection. Occurrence of AEs was strongly associated with mRNA vaccine brand, sex, number of doses, but not with age, age group, and prior COVID-19 infection. Of 209,720 doses, 84 persons (0.04%) incurred AEs following two doses of mRNA vaccines (overall rate of 40.1 per 100,000 persons (95% CI 32.4-49.6). AEs were also significantly higher in females compared to males.AE rates associated with BNT162b2, and mRNA-1273 vaccines were low, but BNT162b2 vaccinees incurred substantially significantly higher AE rates (58.3 per 100,000 persons, 95% CI 45.4-74.9) than mRNA-1273 vaccinees (21.9 per 100,000 persons, 95% CI 14.6-32.8). mRNA-1273 vaccine was associated with a significantly lower risk of AEs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>AE reporting varied by age, sex, and vaccine used as well as the number of doses. Future studies with follow-up and longer-term reporting of AEs should be conducted.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142127516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}