Infectious diseases (London, England)最新文献

{"title":"The continuum of care and cause-specific mortality rate among persons diagnosed with HIV in Norway until the end of 2023.","authors":"Arthur Rakover, Eirik Pettersen, Robert Whittaker","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2026.2645363","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23744235.2026.2645363","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adequate clinical follow-up after diagnosis and high uptake of antiretroviral therapy (ART) are essential to reach the global target to eliminate HIV as a public health threat. Norway currently lacks a comprehensive national system to monitor these outcomes.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To describe linkage to specialist care, receiving ART, retention in care and cause-specific mortality among diagnosed people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Norway up to the end of 2023.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used linked data from national health and administrative registries from 2008-2023 to define diagnosed PLHIV and the study outcomes. We described linkage to care, ART dispensation and retention in care by year of diagnosis, age, sex, region of residence and place of birth. We stratified mortality rates by ART status and concurrent HIV/AIDS diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 5,847 PLHIV diagnosed through 2023, 99.6% had been linked to care and 96.4% had received ART. Among 4,926 diagnosed PLHIV who were still resident in 2023, 96.7% were retained in care and 95.3% had received ART in the prior 24 months. All-cause mortality (4.7 per 1000 person-years, 95% confidence interval: 3.9-5.7) and HIV/AIDS-specific mortality (1.0 per 1000 person-years, 95% confidence interval: 0.6-1.5) were lowest among diagnosed PLHIV without a concurrent HIV/AIDS diagnosis and who had received ART.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Norway has achieved high levels of engagement in specialist care for HIV. In the absence of an HIV clinical registry with national coverage, linked data from health and administrative registries can provide an indication of progress towards global clinical care targets in Norway.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"643-652"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147505715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The AIxBio convergence: a call to action for infectious diseases clinicians.","authors":"Richard C Armitage","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2026.2664554","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23744235.2026.2664554","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"656-660"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147824386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparison of clinical characteristics and mortality in hospitalised patients with respiratory syncytial virus and influenza virus infections: a cohort study.","authors":"M J Hovind, J E Berdal, O Dalgard, M N Lyngbakken","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2026.2621994","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23744235.2026.2621994","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>RSV infections remain less well described than influenza infections. We compared symptoms, clinical characteristics and mortality in patients admitted with acute respiratory tract infections due to RSV and influenza virus.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively collected data from the medical records of adult patients admitted to Akershus University Hospital with a positive PCR for RSV and influenza virus (H3N2, H1N1, and influenza B) from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2021. We compared demographics, symptoms, and clinical characteristics, and assessed 30-day all-cause mortality using the Kaplan-Meier estimator and logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 2084 (72.7%) patients with influenza and 784 (27.3%) with RSV. RSV patients were older and more comorbid. Sputum production and dyspnoea were more frequently reported by RSV patients, whereas myalgia, headache, fever, sore throat, and gastrointestinal symptoms were more frequently reported by influenza patients. Fever on admission was more common in patients with influenza, whereas RSV patients more often presented with wheezing, higher white blood cell count, and more radiographic evidence of infection. RSV patients were more likely to require respiratory support, admission to higher levels of care, had longer hospital stays, and higher readmission rates. We observed no significant difference in 30-day mortality (adjusted odds ratio 0.93, 95% CI 0.64-1.33).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>RSV and influenza are mostly clinically indistinguishable on admission, but fever is more frequent in influenza patients. RSV is associated with high utilisation of health care resources and a mortality risk comparable to influenza, highlighting the need for increased awareness and knowledge of RSV.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"605-615"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146109027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors associated with persistent symptoms after COVID-19 infection: a longitudinal study on an Italian cohort of patients discharged from hospital.","authors":"Carla Amato, Paolo Iovino, Michele Spinicci, Yari Longobucco, Luca Livi, Lorenzo Giovannoni, Cecilia Guidotti, Luca Pietrini, Francesca Braschi, Clara De Filippis, Luca Ermini, Leonardo Gori, Chiara Zocchi, Alessia Argirò, Alessandro Bartoloni, Iacopo Olivotto, Federico Lavorini, Niccolò Marchionni, Francesco Fattirolli, Laura Rasero","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2026.2620811","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23744235.2026.2620811","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although the acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic has subsided, long COVID remains a significant and ongoing public health concern. Persistent symptoms continue to affect a substantial proportion of COVID-19 survivors, increasing healthcare burden.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to identify the determinants of long-term symptom trajectories following COVID-19 infection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a prospective cohort study of 1666 adults discharged after hospitalisation for COVID-19 in Tuscany, Italy. The presence of mental confusion, exertional dyspnoea, fatigue, and insomnia was assessed at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months post-discharge. The mean hospital stay was 13.6 (±12) days and 131 patients required intensive care unit admissions. Latent growth curve models were used to examine the baseline prevalence and longitudinal trajectories of each symptom, and to identify demographic and clinical factors associated with symptom persistence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fatigue was the most common persistent symptom at baseline, followed by exertional dyspnoea, insomnia, and mental confusion. Female sex was consistently associated with both baseline presence and persistence of all symptoms. Older age was linked to baseline mental confusion and to persistent dyspnoea and fatigue. Markers of greater acute severity (ICU admission, longer hospital stay, higher WHO score) were associated with symptom improvement over time. Pre-existing coronary heart disease and cancer independently predicted persistent dyspnoea and fatigue, whereas hypertension appeared protective.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Persistent symptoms are common after COVID-19 and vary by sex, age, comorbidities, and acute disease features. Symptoms may persist up to 12 months post-hospitalisation, underscoring the need for long-term follow-up and targeted interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"585-596"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146069215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic intervention strategies for Nipah virus infection: a scoping review.","authors":"Ikhwan Yuda Kusuma, Bizhar Ahmed Tayeb, Muhammad Jayyid Zidan, Septi Nurkhasanah, Rian Nurahman, Ilil Maidatuz Zulfa","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2026.2649531","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23744235.2026.2649531","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Nipah virus (NiV) infection, a zoonotic disease, has caused recurrent outbreaks in South and Southeast Asia, with case fatality rates ranging from 38% to 75%. The clinical management of NiV disease (NiVD) relies on supportive care, with unapproved antiviral therapies and no licensed vaccines currently available.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This scoping review aims to synthesise and map the available evidence on therapeutic strategies for NiV infection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search was conducted in PubMed and Scopus for studies published from 1 January 1999 to 1 February 2026, focusing on clinical studies, animal experiments, <i>in vitro</i> investigations and <i>in silico</i> analyses evaluating NiV therapies. Eligible studies were selected based on their population or experimental model, therapeutic intervention, evaluation methods, efficacy outcomes, safety findings and proposed molecular mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 1703 articles screened, 16 studies were included, covering clinical reports, animal models, <i>in vitro</i> experiments and <i>in silico</i> analyses. Therapeutic interventions evaluated included antivirals (ribavirin, favipiravir, remdesivir and RdRp-targeted candidates), passive immunotherapy (monoclonal antibodies targeting viral glycoproteins) and computationally prioritised compounds (e.g. phytochemicals, bioisosteres and repurposed drugs). Most interventions targeted viral entry, RNA replication or multiple stages of the NiV life cycle. However, a <i>substantial</i> gap exists between the urgent clinical need for effective treatments and the limited availability of clinically validated therapies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Effective, clinically validated therapies for NiV infection are still lacking. Translational research, outbreak-ready clinical trial frameworks and prioritisation of promising therapeutic candidates are crucial for improving preparedness and clinical outcomes in future NiV outbreaks.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"571-584"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147791013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demographic and epidemiological factors associated with COVID-19 superspreading persons in Gangwon province.","authors":"Won Sup Oh, Sunhak Bae, Eunmi Kim, Saerom Kim, Chaeyun Lim, Yerin Lee, Yeojin Kim, Seungmin Jeong","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2026.2637791","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23744235.2026.2637791","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Superspreading persons (SSPs) drive marked heterogeneity in SARS-CoV-2 transmission, yet quantitative evidence on their determinants in community settings remains limited.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To quantify the impact of SSPs and identify demographic, virologic, and contextual correlates of superspreading in Gangwon Province, Korea.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analysed province-wide epidemiological investigation records for laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from 21 February 2020 to 31 January 2022. Transmission networks linking index and secondary cases were reconstructed. Superspreaders were prespecified as individuals generating ≥7 secondary infections. Offspring counts were modelled with a negative binomial distribution; multivariable logistic regression estimated adjusted odds ratios for age, vaccination, symptoms at diagnosis, PCR cycle-threshold (Ct), occupation, exposure setting, and viral variant based on specimen date.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 15,300 community-acquired cases, offspring counts followed a negative binomial distribution(κ = 0.36). Most cases generated ≤6 secondaries, whereas 164 cases (1.1%) met the superspreader criterion and accounted for 1,571 downstream infections (11.3%). Higher odds of superspreading were observed among ages 0-19 (aOR 1.86) and 40-59 (1.84), the unvaccinated (1.64), those symptomatic at diagnosis (2.13), individuals with Ct <16.0 (2.54) or 16.0-23.9 (2.15), white-collar workers (1.68), same-facility exposures (2.39), and cases with an unknown source of infection (3.91). Superspreading odds also varied across variant-dominant periods inferred from specimen dates, although confidence intervals included unity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SARS-CoV-2 transmission in Gangwon was highly overdispersed, with a small minority of cases responsible for a disproportionate share of spread. Targeted vaccination, rapid isolation of symptomatic or low-Ct index cases, and strengthened controls in high-risk workplaces and shared facilities may help blunt future superspreading.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"632-642"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147357842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical evaluation for spinal epidural abscess in patients with <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> bacteraemia: a diagnostic accuracy study.","authors":"Michael J Obeda, Arunima Soma Dalai, Emma B Monti, Raghad Mallesho, Olivier Bedard-Lapointe, Evan Wilson, Anthony D Bai","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2612602","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2612602","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Spinal epidural abscess (SEA) is a serious complication of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> bacteraemia (SAB) that can be difficult to diagnose. We aimed to describe the proportion of SAB cases with SEA and evaluate useful history or physical exam findings to help diagnose SEA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This single-centre retrospective cohort study included consecutive SAB patients from 2021 to 2023. The index tests included risk factors, symptoms and signs of SEA as documented in patient charts. The reference standard was diagnosis of SEA based on spinal MRI or intra-operative finding during 90-day follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 357 SAB patients, 29 (8.1%) patients had a SEA. Saddle anaesthesia, radicular pain, numbness or paresthaesia, and spine tenderness were most useful to rule in SEA based on positive likelihood ratio (PLR) of 22.6, 13.8, 9.9 and 7.5 respectively. Absence of acute back pain, no objective limb weakness, no subjective limb weakness and no spine tenderness were most useful to rule out SEA based on negative likelihood ratio (NLR) of 0.19, 0.46, 0.57, and 0.62 respectively. A clinical prediction rule based on these findings had a sensitivity of 97% (95% CI 83%-100%), specificity of 77% (95% CI 73%-82%), PLR of 4.3 (95% CI 3.5-5.3) and NLR of 0.05 (95% CI 0.01-0.31).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>All SAB patients should undergo systematic neurologic evaluation for SEA as we found SEA is not an uncommon complication of SAB. A clinical prediction rule may be helpful to identify high-risk patients needing an urgent spinal MRI to assess for SEA.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"529-537"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145919300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the mental health impact of chikungunya fever: a scoping review.","authors":"Priyanka Renita D'Souza, Sharanya B Shetty, Rakshita Satish, Liya Thomas","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2026.2647095","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23744235.2026.2647095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chikungunya is a public health concern and presents predominantly with fever and arthralgia. However, recent studies suggest psychiatric manifestations such as mood disorders, anxiety and somatoform disorders after chikungunya infection. These neurodevelopmental and psychiatric sequelae of chikungunya remain an overlooked aspect and may contribute to long-term disease burden.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This scoping review aims to assess the association between chikungunya infection and psychiatric manifestations, along with the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A search through PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases on chikungunya infection and psychiatric manifestations identified twenty-three studies. Among them, two were case reports, twenty studies were quantitative design, and one was a qualitative study involving in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. Two of those studies focused on perinatal exposure to the chikungunya virus.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Perinatal and intrauterine exposure has been linked to neurodevelopmental complications in children, highlighting the virus's potential impact across the lifespan. Among adults, depressive, anxiety, and somatoform symptoms often persist well beyond the acute phase. In many patients, these symptoms appear to be reactive psychological responses to chronic arthralgia and functional disability rather than direct viral neuro-invasion, though the distinction remains poorly defined in current literature. The underlying mechanisms are likely multifactorial. Persistent arthralgia, poor sleep quality and fatigue due to long-term manifestations of chikungunya may influence the course of the psychiatric illness.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Recognition of psychiatric manifestations is essential for comprehensive post-chikungunya care. Integrating mental health assessment into routine follow-up and adopting a multidisciplinary approach can improve outcomes, reduce the morbidity associated with chikungunya infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"467-481"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147517124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zero canine rabies in India by 2030 appears unrealistic: challenges and the way forward.","authors":"Priyabrata Pattnaik, Francesco Branda, Snehasish Mishra, Ranjan K Mohapatra, Lawrence Sena Tuglo","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2026.2646278","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23744235.2026.2646278","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"551-556"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147494842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of adequacy of empirical antimicrobial therapy on hospital length of stay: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Fernando Merlos, Felipe Francisco Tuon","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2599503","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23744235.2025.2599503","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Infections, particularly sepsis, require rapid initiation of empirical antibiotic therapy. Delays or inadequacies in therapy can significantly increase patient morbidity, mortality and length of stay (LOS). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the impact of adequate versus inadequate empirical antibiotic therapy on LOS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive search was conducted in EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and MEDLINE for studies published between 2012 and 2024. Studies involving adult hospitalised patients with infections, assessment of antimicrobial adequacy based on microbiological cultures and LOS data were included. Statistical analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3, with LOS treated as a continuous variable and outcomes assessed through mean difference and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirteen studies with a total of 4158 participants met the inclusion criteria. The mean LOS for patients receiving adequate therapy was significantly lower than for those receiving inadequate therapy (mean difference -1.17 days; 95% CI: -1.40, -0.94). When pooling data from all included studies and weighting by sample size, the overall mean LOS for patients receiving adequate empirical antimicrobial therapy was 12.5 days, compared to 28.5 days among those receiving inadequate therapy. Additionally, adequate therapy resulted in a reduced ICU LOS by -0.89 days (95% CI: -1.22, -0.57).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Adequate antimicrobial therapy significantly reduces LOS in hospitalised patients with infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":73372,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"482-494"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145745902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}