Martyna Rakowska, Alberto Lazari, Mara Cercignani, Paulina Bagrowska, Heidi Johansen-Berg, Penelope A Lewis
{"title":"Distributed and gradual microstructure changes are associated with the emergence of behavioural benefit from memory reactivation.","authors":"Martyna Rakowska, Alberto Lazari, Mara Cercignani, Paulina Bagrowska, Heidi Johansen-Berg, Penelope A Lewis","doi":"10.1162/IMAG.a.104","DOIUrl":"10.1162/IMAG.a.104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Memory reactivation during sleep is known to have an impact upon the gradual consolidation of memory traces, but the nature of plastic changes induced by such reactivation remains unclear. Here, we use diffusion-weighted imaging to track the location and timescale of microstructural changes associated with behavioural effects of Targeted Memory Reactivation (TMR) 20 days post-manipulation, when the behavioural effect first became significant. Because we used a serial reaction time task that is known to draw on the sensorimotor system as well as both medial temporal and striatal memory systems, we included all these areas as regions of interest. We also included precuneus, a structure known for plasticity relating to the neural engram. Our analysis was based on correlations between behavioural benefit of TMR and microstructural plasticity over early (first 24 h) and late (24 h to 10 days) consolidation periods. This showed significant TMR-related microstructural plasticity in the striatum over the early period. Over the late period, we observed TMR-related microstructural changes in both sensorimotor cortex and precuneus. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that TMR-related microstructural changes correlate with subsequent memory benefits across multiple brain regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":73341,"journal":{"name":"Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)","volume":"3 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12375995/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144981324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Neural subnetwork signatures distinguishing source and item memory retrieval: A meta-analysis of 66 fMRI studies.","authors":"Hongkeun Kim","doi":"10.1162/IMAG.a.124","DOIUrl":"10.1162/IMAG.a.124","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This meta-analysis of 66 functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies investigated neural subnetworks underlying source versus item memory retrieval, emphasizing functional distinctions within major intrinsic brain networks. Results revealed clear differences in subnetwork activation patterns between the two retrieval types. Within the Frontoparietal Network, Subnetwork A exhibited stronger activation during source retrieval, highlighting its key role in managing cognitive control processes necessary for complex memory tasks; in contrast, Subnetworks B and C showed minimal or no task-specific engagement. Conversely, within the Default Mode Network, Subnetworks A and B were selectively activated during item memory retrieval, suggesting their contribution to the increased subjective vividness characteristic of simpler recollective experiences, while Subnetwork C remained inactive across both retrieval conditions. Lastly, within the Ventral Attention Network, Subnetwork B-but not Subnetwork A-was more active during source than item memory retrieval, possibly reflecting its specific role in coordinating neural activity under the heightened demands of complex retrieval. Together, these findings advance understanding of subnetwork-specific roles in episodic memory retrieval and highlight the utility of subnetwork-level analyses for uncovering detailed functional specialization within large-scale brain networks.</p>","PeriodicalId":73341,"journal":{"name":"Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)","volume":"3 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12375994/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144981327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The effect of spherical projection on spin tests for brain maps.","authors":"Vincent Bazinet, Zhen-Qi Liu, Bratislav Misic","doi":"10.1162/IMAG.a.118","DOIUrl":"10.1162/IMAG.a.118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Statistical comparison between brain maps is a standard procedure in neuroimaging. Numerous inferential methods have been developed to account for the effect of spatial autocorrelation when evaluating map-to-map similarity. A popular method to generate surrogate maps with preserved spatial autocorrelation is the spin test. Here we show that a key component of the procedure-projecting brain maps to a spherical surface-distorts distance relationships between vertices. These distortions result in surrogate maps that imperfectly preserve spatial autocorrelation, yielding inflated false positive rates. We then confirm that targeted removal of individual spins with high distortion reduces false positive rates. Collectively, this work highlights the importance of accurately representing and manipulating cortical geometry when generating surrogate maps for use in map-to-map comparisons.</p>","PeriodicalId":73341,"journal":{"name":"Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)","volume":"3 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12371478/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144981302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Neil W Bailey, Luiza Bonfim Pacheco, Luke D Smillie
{"title":"Cortical travelling waves relate to variation in personality traits.","authors":"Neil W Bailey, Luiza Bonfim Pacheco, Luke D Smillie","doi":"10.1162/IMAG.a.119","DOIUrl":"10.1162/IMAG.a.119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Personality traits must relate to stable neural processes, yet few robust neural correlates of personality have been discovered. Recent methodological advances enable measurement of cortical travelling waves, which likely underpin information flow between brain regions. Here, we explore whether cortical travelling waves relate to personality traits from the \"Big Five\" taxonomy. We assessed personality traits and recorded resting electroencephalography (EEG) from 300 participants. We computed travelling wave strength using a 3D fast Fourier transform and explored relationships between alpha travelling waves and personality traits. Trait Agreeableness and Openness/Intellect had significant relationships to travelling waves that passed multiple-comparison controls (<i>p</i> <sub>FDR</sub> = 0.019 and <i>p</i> <sub>FDR</sub> = 0.036 respectively). Agreeableness related to interhemispheric waves travelling from the right hemisphere along central lines (rho = 0.263, <i>p</i> < 0.001, <i>BF10</i> = 356.350). This relationship was unique to the compassion aspect (t = 3.719, <i>p</i> < 0.001) rather than politeness aspect of Agreeableness (t = 0.897, <i>p</i> = 0.370). Openness/Intellect related to backwards travelling waves along midline electrodes (rho = 0.197, <i>p</i> < 0.001, <i>BF10</i> = 13.800), which was confirmed for the Openness aspect (rho = 0.216, <i>p</i> < 0.001, <i>BF10</i> = 26.444) but not the Intellect aspect (rho = 0.093, <i>p</i> = 0.109, <i>BF10</i> = 0.344). Greater cortical travelling wave strength from right temporal regions was associated with higher trait compassion, and backwards travelling wave strength along midline electrodes was associated with trait openness. Further research is needed to investigate the mechanistic role of travelling waves in personality traits and other individual differences.</p>","PeriodicalId":73341,"journal":{"name":"Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)","volume":"3 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12368610/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144981161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Keith Dodd, Maureen McHugo, Lauren Sarabia, Korey P Wylie, Kristina T Legget, Marc-Andre Cornier, Jason R Tregellas
{"title":"CICADA: An automated and flexible tool for comprehensive fMRI noise reduction.","authors":"Keith Dodd, Maureen McHugo, Lauren Sarabia, Korey P Wylie, Kristina T Legget, Marc-Andre Cornier, Jason R Tregellas","doi":"10.1162/IMAG.a.114","DOIUrl":"10.1162/IMAG.a.114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Independent component analysis (ICA) denoising methods can be highly effective for reducing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) noise. ICA denoising method success heavily depends, however, on the accurate classification of fMRI data ICs as either neural signal or noise. While manual IC classification (\"manual ICA denoising\") is a current gold-standard, it requires extensive time and training. Automated methods of IC classification (\"automated ICA denoising\"), meanwhile, are less accurate and effective, especially in clinical populations where motion artifacts are more common. To address these challenges, a novel denoising method, Comprehensive Independent Component Analysis Denoising Assistant (CICADA), was developed. Uniquely, CICADA uses manual classification guidelines to automatically, comprehensively, and accurately capture most common sources of fMRI noise. As such, we hypothesized that CICADA would perform similarly to manual ICA denoising and outperform other current automated denoising methods. CICADA was evaluated against two well-established automated ICA denoising methods (FIX and ICA-AROMA) across three fMRI datasets. The datasets included high-motion resting-state (N = 57) and visual-task data (N = 53), both from individuals with schizophrenia, as well as low-motion resting-state healthy control data from an openly available dataset (N = 56). IC classification accuracy was first evaluated against manual IC classification in a subset (N = 30) of each dataset. Denoising performance efficacy was then evaluated with commonly used quality control (QC) benchmarks and correlations with fMRI noise profiles across all data. With a 97.9% mean overall accuracy in IC classification, CICADA performed nearly as well as manual IC classification and was significantly more accurate than FIX (92.9% mean overall accuracy; all p-values < 0.01) and ICA-AROMA (83.8% mean overall accuracy; all p-values < 0.001). CICADA also matched or outperformed FIX and ICA-AROMA across most QC and noise profile metrics across all data. Furthermore, CICADA greatly eased implementation of manual ICA denoising by decreasing the number of ICs a user must inspect by an average of 75%. Overall, CICADA is a novel, accurate, comprehensive, and automated ICA denoising tool for use in both resting-state and task-based fMRI. It performed similarly to the labor-intensive manual IC classification gold-standard and, in some datasets, outperformed current automated ICA denoising methods. Finally, CICADA may facilitate more efficient manual ICA denoising without reducing efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":73341,"journal":{"name":"Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)","volume":"3 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12368612/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144981208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J Alejandro Acosta-Franco, Graham Little, Christian Beaulieu
{"title":"High resolution diffusion tensor imaging of the human cortex reveals non-linear trajectories over the healthy lifespan.","authors":"J Alejandro Acosta-Franco, Graham Little, Christian Beaulieu","doi":"10.1162/IMAG.a.115","DOIUrl":"10.1162/IMAG.a.115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The human cortex undergoes significant macrostructural and microstructural changes across the lifespan, which can be assessed using high-resolution diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). In healthy individuals, diffusion is typically greater perpendicular to the cortical surface, aligning with neuronal bodies and apical dendrites. This study examined DTI metrics in 190 healthy individuals (ages 5-74 years) to characterize normative cortical changes across neurodevelopment and aging. Whole-brain DTI data were acquired with 1.5 mm isotropic resolution and a b-value of 1000 s/mm² acquired in only 3:36 minutes at 3T. Cortical segmentation was performed exclusively on diffusion images to yield thickness, radiality, fractional anisotropy (FA), mean (MD), axial (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD) in total cortex as well as five lobes and were compared versus age. Cortical thickness decreased exponentially which differed from the diffusion metric cross-sectional age trajectories. FA, MD, AD, and RD exhibited u-shaped trajectories reaching minimum values in adulthood (~20-40 years). In contrast, radiality showed a cubic pattern, declining in childhood, stabilizing from 20-55 years, then decreasing again after 55, with the largest early-life changes in the temporal and occipital lobes and later-life declines in the frontal and parietal lobes. Steeper childhood DTI changes may reflect increased myelination of tangential fibers, as well as the growth of neuronal axons, somata, and dendrites, while elderly changes likely indicate reduced cell body density and radius. This study provides a baseline for future research into neurodevelopment and neurodegenerative diseases across the lifespan.</p>","PeriodicalId":73341,"journal":{"name":"Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)","volume":"3 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12368611/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144981253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Maximum-entropy and subspace methods for high-resolution relaxation-diffusion distribution estimation.","authors":"Lipeng Ning","doi":"10.1162/IMAG.a.113","DOIUrl":"10.1162/IMAG.a.113","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Relaxation-diffusion distribution characterizes tissue microstructure using multi-contrast MRI data without using a multi-compartment model. This work applies and generalizes two nonlinear spectral estimation algorithms to compute relaxation-diffusion distributions and compares their performances with the standard linear inverse method. The first algorithm employs maximum entropy (MaxEnt) estimation, extending previous methods by incorporating measurement noise for improved robustness. The second algorithm is based on the MUltiple SIgnal Classification (MUSIC) subspace spectral estimation technique, enabling pseudo-spectral estimation of multi-exponential signals sampled on regular grids without solving optimization problems. Both methods were compared against the basis representation technique and the nonnegative least squares (NNLS) method using synthetic and <i>in vivo</i> data. MaxEnt demonstrated superior spectral resolution compared to other methods. Meanwhile, the multidimensional MUSIC algorithm provided accurate estimations but required a higher signal-to-noise ratio. MaxEnt and MUSIC improve computational efficiency, especially when a high-resolution sampling grid is required for the density functions.</p>","PeriodicalId":73341,"journal":{"name":"Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)","volume":"3 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12365690/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144981330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shefali Rai, Kate J Godfrey, Kirk Graff, Ryann Tansey, Daria Merrikh, Shelly Yin, Matthew Feigelis, Damion V Demeter, Tamara Vanderwal, Deanna J Greene, Signe Bray
{"title":"How much is \"enough\"? Considerations for functional connectivity reliability in pediatric naturalistic fMRI.","authors":"Shefali Rai, Kate J Godfrey, Kirk Graff, Ryann Tansey, Daria Merrikh, Shelly Yin, Matthew Feigelis, Damion V Demeter, Tamara Vanderwal, Deanna J Greene, Signe Bray","doi":"10.1162/IMAG.a.117","DOIUrl":"10.1162/IMAG.a.117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reliable functional connectivity (FC) measurements are important for robust neuroimaging findings, yet pediatric functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) faces unique challenges due to head motion and bias toward shorter scans. Passive viewing conditions during fMRI offer advantages for scanning pediatric populations, but FC reliability under these conditions remains underexplored. Here, we used precision fMRI data collected across three passive viewing conditions to directly compare FC reliability profiles between 25 pre-adolescent children and 25 adults, with each participant providing over 2.8 hours of data over 4 sessions. We found that FC test-retest correlations increased asymptotically with scan length, with children requiring nearly twice the post-censored scan time (24.6 minutes) compared with adults (14.4 minutes) to achieve comparable reliability, and that this effect was only partly attributable to head motion. Reliability differences between lower-motion adults and higher-motion children were spatially non-uniform and largest in ventral anterior temporal and frontal regions. While averaging features within functional networks improved intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) reliability, values for higher-motion children remained in the poor-to-fair ICC range even with 24 minutes of data. Of note, we observed substantial increases in edge-wise ICC between 24 and 54 minutes of data. Viewing conditions with greater engagement reduced head motion in children but had lower FC reliability than less engaging \"low-demand\" videos, suggesting complex state- or condition-related trade-offs. These findings have important implications for developmental neuroimaging study design, particularly for higher motion pediatric populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":73341,"journal":{"name":"Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)","volume":"3 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12365692/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144981321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kurt G Schilling, Marco Palombo, Atlee A Witt, Kristin P O'Grady, Marco Pizzolato, Bennett A Landman, Seth A Smith
{"title":"Characterization of neurite and soma organization in the brain and spinal cord with diffusion MRI.","authors":"Kurt G Schilling, Marco Palombo, Atlee A Witt, Kristin P O'Grady, Marco Pizzolato, Bennett A Landman, Seth A Smith","doi":"10.1162/IMAG.a.111","DOIUrl":"10.1162/IMAG.a.111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The central nervous system (CNS), comprising both the brain and spinal cord, is a complex network of white and gray matter responsible for sensory, motor, and cognitive functions. Advanced diffusion MRI (dMRI) techniques offer a promising mechanism to non-invasively characterize CNS architecture, however, most studies focus on the brain or spinal cord in isolation. Here, we implemented a clinically feasible dMRI protocol on a 3T scanner to simultaneously characterize neurite and soma microstructure of both the brain and spinal cord. The protocol enabled the use of Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI), Standard Model Imaging (SMI), and Soma and Neurite Density Imaging (SANDI), representing the first time SMI and SANDI have been evaluated in the cord, and in the cord and brain simultaneously. Our results demonstrate high image quality even at high diffusion weightings, reproducibility of SMI- and SANDI-derived metrics similar to those of DTI with few exceptions, and biologically feasible contrasts between and within white and gray matter regions. Reproducibility and contrasts were decreased in the cord compared with that of the brain, revealing challenges due to partial volume effects and image preprocessing. This study establishes a harmonized approach for brain and cord microstructural imaging, and the opportunity to study CNS pathologies and biomarkers of structural integrity across the neuroaxis.</p>","PeriodicalId":73341,"journal":{"name":"Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)","volume":"3 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12365691/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144981201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jaeseob Lim, Sang-Eon Park, Sang-Hun Lee, Sang Ah Lee
{"title":"Canonical cortico-hippocampal dynamics underlie memory of navigational episodes and its early decline in aging.","authors":"Jaeseob Lim, Sang-Eon Park, Sang-Hun Lee, Sang Ah Lee","doi":"10.1162/IMAG.a.101","DOIUrl":"10.1162/IMAG.a.101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Successful encoding of a navigational episode entails the dynamic processing of perceptual information, time-locked to the appearance of salient landmarks and turns along the way. We hypothesized that identical navigational experiences will be represented in a similar manner across individuals and that a deviation from such canonical dynamics in the cortico-hippocampal network may underlie differences in navigational memory across individuals and its decline in aging. 76 participants (42 females) across two age groups (young: 20-30 years, aging: 50-65 years) watched 24 different 1-minute-long first-person-view virtual navigation videos in the fMRI scanner, followed by a memory question about the traveled path or destination. Canonical dynamics were defined as the averaged neural dynamics across participants during the navigation period for each brain region. First, we found that individual-to-canonical similarity (ICS) was highest in the dorsal/ventral visual streams and precuneus and was linked to informative navigational events, such as turning or landmark viewing. ICS in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) and the coordinated activity between the hippocampus and canonical cortical dynamics were strongly associated with individual spatial memory performance. Moreover, a reduction in the intersubject functional connectivity between the MTL and the canonical cortical dynamics mediated the effects of aging on cognitive performance, highlighting its role in navigation and episodic memory. Complementary to traditional time-averaged activation measures, canonical neural dynamics may be particularly revealing of how the brain processes information across spatiotemporally extended events.</p>","PeriodicalId":73341,"journal":{"name":"Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)","volume":"3 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12362303/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144981203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}