Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)最新文献

{"title":"Development of the social perception pathway across the third trimester of gestation and perinatal transition.","authors":"Katarzyna Chawarska, Dustin Scheinost, R Todd Constable, Cheryl Lacadie, Huili Sun, Joseph Chang, Laura R Ment","doi":"10.1162/IMAG.a.1394","DOIUrl":"10.1162/IMAG.a.1394","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Babies display social perceptual skills within hours of birth which may indicate that the neural predecessors of such skills have prenatal origins. However, the putative fetal neural infrastructure supporting these skills remains unexplored. Data from 497 participants scanned between 28-44 weeks postmenstrual age were examined to map the development of intrinsic functional connectivity (iFC) within the proto social pathway (pSP), encompassing the superior temporal sulcus (STS), a region implicated in processing multimodal social stimuli later in development, and the proto ventral pathway (pVP), including the fusiform face area (FFA), a region associated with static face processing in older children and adults. IFC was greater than 0 in the bilateral pSP and pVP by 28 weeks and increased significantly in the left and right pSP and left pVP but not in the right pVP between 28 and 44 weeks. By 44 weeks, both pathways exhibited robust right-dominance. By 40 weeks, iFC for the right and left pSP was significantly higher than in the corresponding pVPs. Lastly, the right posterior STS (pSTS) and the right FFA coupling became positive by 40 and 44 weeks and the left pSTS-FFA coupling became negative by 44 weeks. These findings demonstrate that neural architecture supporting social perception later in life is present in the third trimester and undergoes rapid development across the pre- to postnatal transition. The strengthening of intrinsic connectivity, emergence of right-hemisphere dominance, and early differentiation of putative social perception and face-processing circuitry indicate that key features of the social brain begin to assemble before birth, providing a developmental scaffold for later social development.</p>","PeriodicalId":73341,"journal":{"name":"Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)","volume":"4 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13673308/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149217431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validating the standard model of diffusion MRI in white matter with numerical substrates.","authors":"Jasmine Nguyen-Duc, Quentin Uhl, Rita Oliveira, Jonathan Rafael-Patiño, Ileana O Jelescu","doi":"10.1162/IMAG.a.1385","DOIUrl":"10.1162/IMAG.a.1385","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The non-invasive estimation of intra- and extracellular microstructural parameters using biophysical models has been a major focus in brain microstructure imaging with MRI. The Standard Model (SM) of diffusion in white matter (WM) provides a unifying framework for various modelling approaches, representing axons as impermeable sticks embedded within a locally anisotropic extra-axonal space. However, the SM relies on simplifying assumptions that may not hold in realistic WM tissue, as they do not take into account axonal undulations, beading, the presence of glial cells, or membrane permeability. In this work, we investigate how SM parameter estimates, derived using the Standard Model Imaging (SMI) framework, behave when the model is applied to realistic numerical WM substrates generated by the CATERPillar tool. Specifically, we vary (i) axonal morphological features such as beading and undulations, (ii) axonal packing density, (iii) orientation dispersion, (iv) membrane permeability of axons and astrocytes separately, (v) myelin volume fraction, and (vi) diffusion time. In each part of the analysis, different noise levels are introduced. Our findings enable users to identify potential biases introduced by varying conditions and to adjust their interpretations accordingly.</p>","PeriodicalId":73341,"journal":{"name":"Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)","volume":"4 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13673310/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149217356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence for hierarchical representations of written and spoken words from an open-science human neuroimaging dataset.","authors":"Suneel Banerjee, Kimberly Jin, Plamen Nikolov, Philip Cho, Vishnu R Pendri, Lillian Chang, Srikanth R Damera, Maximilian Riesenhuber","doi":"10.1162/IMAG.a.1388","DOIUrl":"10.1162/IMAG.a.1388","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reading and speech recognition rely on multi-level processing that builds from basic visual or sound features to complete word representations, yet details of these processing hierarchies (in particular those for spoken words) are still poorly understood. We re-analyzed the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data provided in the Mother Of all Unification Studies (MOUS) open-science dataset by using parametric regressions of word frequency and sublexical unit (bigram or syllable) frequency during reading and speech listening tasks in order to elucidate lexical and sublexical processing stages in the visual and auditory modalities. We first validated our approach in the written word domain, where the technique identified significant correlations for word frequency in the left mid-fusiform cortex (at the location of the Visual Word Form Area) and a left occipital region tracking bigram frequency, compatible with prior reports. During listening, activity in a left mid-superior temporal region consistent with the recently described Auditory Word Form Area (AWFA) showed a lexical frequency effect, while a more posterior region of the superior temporal gyrus was sensitive to syllable frequency. Activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus correlated with both written and spoken word frequencies. These findings suggest analogous posterior-to-anterior hierarchical organizations in the anteroventral visual and auditory streams, with modality-specific posterior sublexical and more anterior lexical representations that converge in higher-order language areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":73341,"journal":{"name":"Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)","volume":"4 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13673309/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149217418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomical determinants of DTI-ALPS: Effects of ROI definition, ventricular morphology, and periventricular deformation.","authors":"David K Wright","doi":"10.1162/IMAG.a.1399","DOIUrl":"10.1162/IMAG.a.1399","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) index is increasingly used as a non-invasive MRI biomarker proposed to reflect glymphatic and perivascular function, yet the anatomical validity and measurement stability of the metric remain incompletely characterised. Using diffusion MRI data from 850 healthy young adults and 150 healthy ageing participants from the Human Connectome Project, I systematically evaluated the influence of region-of-interest (ROI) placement and ventricular anatomy on ALPS measurements. Reference ALPS implementations demonstrated substantial hemispheric variability, with a median left-right difference of 12.5% and marked asymmetry in the underlying numerator and denominator tensor components. A two-stage optimisation framework incorporating fibre-pool alignment, hemispheric symmetry, component stability, and directional purity identified anatomically improved ROI configurations that significantly increased fibre specificity and reduced measurement variability in independent validation cohorts. Despite these improvements, residual hemispheric asymmetry persisted, suggesting an intrinsic anatomical contribution to ALPS variability. In the healthy ageing cohort, ventricular volume emerged as the strongest predictor of ALPS, explaining substantially more variance than chronological age. Voxel-wise deformation-based morphometry demonstrated that lower ALPS values were associated with ventricular and periventricular expansion, while optimisation increased coupling between ALPS and ventricular anatomy. Collectively, these findings indicate that ALPS measurements are strongly influenced by ROI definition, ventricular morphology, and surrounding periventricular tissue architecture. Rather than functioning as a direct measure of glymphatic transport in isolation, ALPS appears to represent a composite anatomical diffusion biomarker shaped by both methodological implementation and underlying neuroanatomy. These results provide a framework for improving methodological standardisation and interpretation of ALPS measurements in future neuroimaging studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":73341,"journal":{"name":"Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)","volume":"4 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13671362/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149217445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The late positive component in recognition memory is linked to mnemonic evidence accumulation.","authors":"Jie Sun, Daniel Feuerriegel, Mia Nightingale, Adam F Osth","doi":"10.1162/IMAG.a.1389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/IMAG.a.1389","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recognising objects from memory requires an integration of sensory and mnemonic information. This process has been theorised to occur via a stochastic evidence accumulation process implemented within the parietal cortex. Recent electroencephalographic (EEG) evidence indicates that the widely studied parietal Late Positive Component (LPC) shows characteristics of such a mnemonic accumulation signal. Here, we formally investigated this hypothesis using generative computational modelling that links a trial-level memory strength variable in the Diffusion Decision Model (DDM) with LPC amplitudes prior to the time of the decision. We recorded EEG from 24 participants making recognition judgements based on either studied or novel words. Each participant completed up to three testing sessions. We replicated recent findings that the LPC ramps up and peaks around the time of the decision and corresponding motor response. LPC amplitudes also covaried with accuracy and response time, as expected of a neural correlate of memory strength. By fitting DDMs to LPC amplitudes and behavioural data using specialised neural network tools, we demonstrate that LPC amplitudes are selectively associated with the rate of evidence accumulation, signifying memory strength. This association was stronger for previously studied words compared to novel words, and strongest at the time window immediately prior to the recognition decision. Our findings, therefore, recast the LPC as a neural signature of mnemonic strength linked to the rate of evidence accumulation during recognition memory decisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":73341,"journal":{"name":"Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)","volume":"4 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13662653/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149198271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frontal theta power prospectively associated with response inhibition.","authors":"Daan van Rooij, Sam van Bijnen, Iris Schutte, Nathan van der Stoep, J Leon Kenemans","doi":"10.1162/IMAG.a.1390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/IMAG.a.1390","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A proactive mechanism has been postulated to promote successful inhibition. Specifically, this mechanism is thought to operate before any action-demanding or countermanding event has occurred. In the current study, we investigated whether theta-range oscillatory power measured using electroencephalography (EEG) could reflect this mechanism in a sample of healthy individuals performing a stop-signal task. We tested whether frontal-midline (FM) theta power preceding failed versus successful stop trials predicts inhibition success. Results from two experiments demonstrate that FM theta is indeed higher preceding successful stopping events than failed ones. However, theta power turned out to be equally stronger preceding slow than fast, go trials, suggesting that proactive slowing could explain the association between theta and stop success. There was no correlation between the strength of the within-subject theta-stop-success association and the within-subject theta-RT association. In sum, group-average-level analysis suggests strong overlap between FM theta associated with proactive inhibition and proactive slowing, respectively, while at the same time there are dissociations in terms of individual differences. A further, unexpected, finding was that FM alpha power was specifically associated with proactive inhibition but not with slowing, and, relative to theta, peaked closer in time to the action-demanding event.</p>","PeriodicalId":73341,"journal":{"name":"Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)","volume":"4 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13662654/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149198240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic 18F-FDG PET characterizes age-related changes in fitted ventricular FDG kinetics in humans.","authors":"Zeyu Zhou, Tianyun Zhao, He Wang, Aaron Carretero Benites, John Gardus, Qiuting Wen, Yang Feng, Christine DeLorenzo, Ramin Parsey, Chuan Huang","doi":"10.1162/IMAG.a.1395","DOIUrl":"10.1162/IMAG.a.1395","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) transport is an important component of intracranial solute movement and may contribute to glymphatic-associated transport pathways. However, clinically accessible methods for quantifying ventricular CSF tracer dynamics in humans remain limited. This study examined the potential of dynamic 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) for quantifying ventricular CSF tracer kinetics as an indirect measure of CSF transport by evaluating its association with age and clinical factors. We analyzed baseline dynamic 18F-FDG PET data from participants with major depressive disorder enrolled in a prior clinical trial. Time-activity curves extracted from the lateral ventricles were modeled using a variant of the single-tissue compartment kinetic model to estimate kinetic parameters describing effective tracer entry into (<i>K₁</i> ) and net removal (<i>k₂</i> ) from the ventricular compartment. Associations with age and clinical factors were assessed using correlation and multiple linear regression analyses. Both <i>K₁</i> (r = -0.700, p < 0.001) and <i>k₂</i> (r = -0.712, p < 0.001) demonstrated strong negative correlations with age. In multivariable models adjusting for sex, ventricular volume, and depression severity, age remained a significant predictor of both parameters. Ventricular volume was also a significant predictor of both <i>K₁</i> and <i>k₂</i> , while <i>k₂</i> additionally showed a significant association with depression severity. These findings suggest that dynamic 18F-FDG PET can characterize ventricular tracer kinetics without intrathecal contrast administration, revealing a robust age-dependent decline in both tracer entry and removal processes and supporting its potential utility for studying ventricular CSF transport dynamics in aging and disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":73341,"journal":{"name":"Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)","volume":"4 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13662652/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149198246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduced NEXI protocol for the quantification of human gray matter microstructure on the Connectome 2.0 scanner.","authors":"Quentin Uhl, Tommaso Pavan, Julianna Gerold, Kwok-Shing Chan, Yohan Jun, Shohei Fujita, Aneri Bhatt, Yixin Ma, Qiaochu Wang, Hong-Hsi Lee, Susie Y Huang, Berkin Bilgic, Ileana Jelescu","doi":"10.1162/IMAG.a.1380","DOIUrl":"10.1162/IMAG.a.1380","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biophysical diffusion MRI models such as Neurite Exchange Imaging (NEXI) are essential for probing gray matter microstructure, estimating compartment diffusivities (<i>D_i</i> , <i>D_e</i> ), neurite fraction (<i>f</i>), and exchange time (<i>t_ex</i> ). However, NEXI multi-shell, multi-diffusion-time requirements lead to prohibitively long acquisitions. Leveraging the Connectome 2.0 ultra-high gradient scanner, we developed a time-efficient protocol using an Explainable AI (XAI) framework. Combining XGBoost, SHAP, and Recursive Feature Elimination trained on synthetic signals, XAI identified an optimal 8-feature subset, halving scan time from 27 to 14 minutes. Validated in vivo in 7 healthy participants, the XAI protocol was benchmarked against the full 15-feature acquisition, a Cramér-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) theoretical optimum, and 2 expert-designed heuristics (\"Mid-Range\" and \"Corner\"). The XAI protocol robustly reproduced parameter estimates and maintained full protocol test-retest reproducibility. Remarkably, the data-driven XAI selection converged to the theoretical CRLB optimum. This validates XAI mathematical optimality while highlighting its primary advantage: achieving gold-standard optimization without requiring complex analytical Jacobians, making it effortlessly adaptable to numerically defined models or complex noise distributions where CRLB becomes intractable. Furthermore, XAI demonstrated superior in vivo robustness compared with heuristics: \"Mid-Range\" sampling yielded biased <i>t_ex</i> estimates due to insufficient temporal diversity, while \"Corner\" sampling yielded unstable <i>D_i</i> estimates (fivefold higher coefficient of variation) due to noise sensitivity. Ultimately, this robust 14-minute NEXI protocol accelerates exchange-sensitive microstructural mapping, establishing a generalizable, model-agnostic optimization framework adaptable to future ultra-high gradient systems (e.g., Siemens Cima.X or GE MAGNUS) and existing clinical scanners.</p>","PeriodicalId":73341,"journal":{"name":"Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)","volume":"4 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13657203/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149186678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multimodal MRI insights into glymphatic clearance and blood-brain barrier integrity in healthy aging.","authors":"Anjan Bhattarai, Yufei D Zhu, Barah Albuhwailah, Pauline Maillard, Charles DeCarli, Audrey P Fan","doi":"10.1162/IMAG.a.1391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/IMAG.a.1391","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aging is associated with impaired CSF clearance in preclinical models, but its impact on blood-brain barrier (BBB) health and glymphatic function in humans remains unclear. The BBB and glymphatic functions are complementary and may partially overlap, yet their interaction is yet to be fully elucidated. In this study, we aimed to compare BBB integrity, extracellular free water, and glymphatic function between healthy young and older adults, and to examine mechanistic relationships among these measures using multimodal MRI techniques. 30 healthy participants with no known neurological or psychiatric disorders, including 12 younger (26 ± 3 years) and 18 older individuals (75 ± 7 years), underwent MRI scans on a 3T Siemens Prisma scanner. Multimodal MRI techniques were used, including diffusion-prepared arterial spin labeling to measure the water exchange rate (Kw) across the blood-brain barrier (BBB); free water (FW) imaging to quantify extracellular free water in white matter; and diffusion tensor imaging along perivascular spaces (DTI-ALPS) to assess glymphatic function. These measures were compared between younger and older individuals. Mediation analysis was performed to assess the mechanistic relationship between BBB integrity and glymphatic function and to test whether this relationship was mediated by free water. Older individuals showed reduced whole-brain Kw (p = 0.021), increased white matter FW (p = 0.002), and reduced DTI-ALPS (p < 0.001) compared to younger adults. Kw was positively associated with DTI-ALPS (β = 0.402 × 10^-2, p = 0.022) and negatively associated with FW (β = -0.676 × 10^-3, p = 0.008). DTI-ALPS was negatively associated with FW (β = -3.487, p = 0.001). Significantly reduced Kw was also observed in the cortical grey matter of older adults. Reduced Kw may reflect impaired BBB function, while reduced DTI-ALPS and increased FW indicate impaired glymphatic clearance. FW mediated the relationship between Kw and DTI-ALPS (95% CI [0.00014, 0.00404], p = 0.035), suggesting a potential mechanistic link between BBB function, extracellular water content, and glymphatic clearance efficiency. Overall, this study provides novel multimodal MRI insights into BBB and glymphatic alterations in healthy aging and may inform the development of MRI biomarkers to preserve cognitive health.</p>","PeriodicalId":73341,"journal":{"name":"Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)","volume":"4 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13651135/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149170569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imaging Neuroscience: The First Three Years-Editorial.","authors":"Stephen M Smith","doi":"10.1162/IMAG.a.1392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/IMAG.a.1392","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In April 2023, the editors of <i>NeuroImage</i> and <i>NeuroImage:Reports</i> resigned, and a month later launched <i>Imaging Neuroscience</i>. <i>NeuroImage</i> had been the leading journal in our field, but its publication fee had reached a level that many considered unethical and unsustainable. We therefore launched <i>Imaging Neuroscience</i> with MIT Press, with the goal of replacing <i>NeuroImage</i> as our field's leading journal, and with greater control by the academic community over publication fees and adoption of modern and ethical publishing practices. Three-and-a-half years later, as I step down as Editor-in-Chief, this editorial gives a brief summary of how things are going. The bottom line is: very well indeed!</p>","PeriodicalId":73341,"journal":{"name":"Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)","volume":"4 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13651134/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149169193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}