Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)最新文献

{"title":"Causal mechanisms of individual differences in hemispheric lateralization of the face perception network: A DCM-PEB approach.","authors":"Julia Elina Stocker, Peter Zeidman, Ina Thome, Kristin Marie Rusch, Jens Sommer, Olaf Steinsträter, Andreas Jansen","doi":"10.1162/IMAG.a.1219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/IMAG.a.1219","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Functional lateralization is a fundamental organizational principle of the human brain, yet the neural mechanisms underlying inter-individual variability in hemispheric dominance remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the causal network dynamics contributing to hemispheric lateralization within the face perception system, focusing on the fusiform face area (FFA) and occipital face area (OFA). Using Dynamic Causal Modelling (DCM) combined with Parametric Empirical Bayes (PEB) in a large sample of 110 participants, we examined how individual differences in lateralization indices (LI) relate to effective connectivity in the bilateral core face network. Two complementary approaches were applied: a hypothesis-driven model comparison and additionally an exploratory model reduction. Both analyses consistently showed that lateralization in the FFA and OFA was explained by distinct network mechanisms. FFA lateralization was primarily driven by processes in the left hemisphere, reflected in a face-specific modulation of self-inhibition in the left OFA. Specifically, increased left-lateralization was associated with reduced self-inhibition (i.e., increased excitability) in the left OFA. In contrast, OFA lateralization depended on interhemispheric interactions involving both hemispheres, most prominently between the left and right FFAs. Notably, in both cases, lateralization arose from network-level interactions rather than changes within the regions themselves, highlighting the distributed nature of hemispheric specialization in face processing.</p>","PeriodicalId":73341,"journal":{"name":"Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)","volume":"4 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13112208/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147791208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intracortical microstructure profiling: A cross-modal method for indexing cortical lamination.","authors":"Casey Paquola, Jessica Royer, Thanos Tsigaras, Donna Gift Cabalo, Youngeun Hwang, Felix Hoffstaedter, Simon B Eickhoff, Boris C Bernhardt","doi":"10.1162/IMAG.a.1212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/IMAG.a.1212","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intracortical microstructure profiling represents a powerful, scalable approach for investigating the laminar organisation of the human cortex on both <i>in-vivo</i> and <i>post-mortem</i> datasets. Building upon a long tradition of histological analysis, this method leverages surface-based intracortical sampling to generate profiles of tissue properties across cortical depths. The present work outlines a standardised workflow for intracortical microstructural profiling, newly packaged as the open-source toolbox \"CortPro\" (https://github.com/caseypaquola/cortpro). Here, we explore the utility of central moments as descriptors of profile shape. Using these measures, we quantify <i>(i)</i> the extent to which <i>in-vivo</i> MRI can capture laminar differentiation, <i>(ii)</i> the test-retest reliability of profiles, and <i>(iii)</i> their replicability across sites and studies. Our results demonstrate that intracortical profiles are remarkably robust and effectively mitigate bias-field related limitations of non-quantitative MRI. As applications of microstructure-sensitive imaging expand across development, aging, and disease, microstructure profiling provides a principled means of linking microstructural neuroanatomy with systems-level brain organisation.</p>","PeriodicalId":73341,"journal":{"name":"Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)","volume":"4 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13100671/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147791218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Affective face biases in visual and prefrontal cortex measured with visual entrainment.","authors":"Nathan M Petro, Yi Wei, Ilenia Salsano, Thomas W Ward, Hannah J Okelberry, Jason A John, Ryan Glesinger, Lucy K Horne, Giorgia Picci, Tony W Wilson","doi":"10.1162/IMAG.a.1206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/IMAG.a.1206","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Facial expressions are ubiquitous and reliable social cues. Research has shown that affective faces attract attention at the cost of competing visual information, with functional neuroimaging evidence suggesting that the prefrontal cortex plays a critical role in regulating responses to emotional distractors. However, methodological constraints within neuroimaging environments often prevent the measurement of unique neural signals from multiple competing stimuli, limiting the conclusions that can be drawn regarding how affective biases in attention are generated in the brain. In the current study, we used a novel frequency tagging approach with visual entrainment during magnetoencephalography to track the unique neural signals elicited by a task-relevant Gabor patch and a concurrent, spatially overlapping face with either an angry, neutral, or happy expression. The entrainment responses were projected to the cortex using a beamformer, and a competition index was calculated per voxel to determine the bias toward either of the spatially overlapping entrained stimuli. In the prefrontal cortex, we found a stronger Gabor bias for neutral compared to angry and happy expressions, supporting prior functional neuroimaging works which point to the prefrontal cortex as critical to the regulation of emotional distractors. In the calcarine, we found a stronger face bias for angry compared to neutral and happy expressions, replicating prior findings from electroencephalography. The separate entrainment responses were also sensitive to facial expression in several regions commonly implicated in face processing, social cognition, and attention. These data highlight the utility of frequency tagging paradigms for tracking unique neural responses to concurrent and spatially overlapping stimuli, which is critical for the study of social and emotional processing.</p>","PeriodicalId":73341,"journal":{"name":"Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)","volume":"4 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13100672/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147791237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of electric field direction on TMS-based motor cortex mapping.","authors":"Ying Jing, Ole Numssen, Gesa Hartwigsen, Thomas R Knösche, Konstantin Weise","doi":"10.1162/IMAG.a.1211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/IMAG.a.1211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) induces an electric field (E-field) that drives neuronal activation, but the optimal model for predicting cortical responses remains unclear. Traditional TMS motor mapping typically relies on the E-field magnitude or its normal component as a proxy for excitability, overlooking the influence of neuronal morphology and orientation. In this study, we aimed to refine TMS motor mapping by incorporating an average response model that accounts for both E-field magnitude and directional sensitivity. We conducted a regression-based TMS mapping experiment in 14 participants to identify cortical origins of motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) from the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscle. Firing thresholds were estimated for excitatory neurons in cortical layers 2/3 and 5, and regression was performed between MEPs and three E-field quantities: the E-field magnitude (magnitude model), the normal component of E-field (cosine model), and an effective E-field that adjusts magnitude by orientation-specific thresholds (neuron model). Models were compared based on regression fit, convergence speed, and functional validation using optimized coil placements tested in 10 additional participants. Results showed that the magnitude and neuron models performed similarly and robustly, whereas the cosine model explained significantly less variance, required more TMS pulses for stable mapping, and produced the weakest MEPs in validation. These findings suggest that while directional sensitivity plays a role, E-field magnitude remains the dominant factor in motor cortex activation.</p>","PeriodicalId":73341,"journal":{"name":"Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)","volume":"4 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13100673/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147791226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling variability in functional brain networks using embeddings.","authors":"Rukuang Huang, Chetan Gohil, Mark Woolrich","doi":"10.1162/IMAG.a.1188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/IMAG.a.1188","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Functional neuroimaging techniques allow us to estimate functional networks that underlie cognition. However, these functional networks are often estimated at the group level and do not allow for the discovery of, nor benefit from, subpopulation structure in the data, that is, the fact that some recording sessions may be more similar than others. Here, we propose the use of embedding vectors (c.f. word embedding in Natural Language Processing) to explicitly model individual sessions while inferring networks across a group. This vector is effectively a \"fingerprint\" for each session, which can cluster sessions with similar functional networks together in a learnt embedding space. We apply this approach to estimate dynamic functional networks using a hierarchical Hidden Markov Model (HMM). We call this approach HIVE (HMM with Integrated Variability Estimation). Using simulated data, we show that HIVE can uncover true subpopulation structure and show improved performance over existing approaches. Using real magnetoencephalography data, we show the learnt embedding vectors (session fingerprints) reflect meaningful sources of variation across a population. Overall, HIVE provides a powrful new approach for modelling individual sessions while leveraging information available across an entire group.</p>","PeriodicalId":73341,"journal":{"name":"Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)","volume":"4 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13094015/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147791183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-invasive MRI of choroid plexus vascular function.","authors":"Peiying Liu, Lori Donaldson, Beini Hu, Gagan S Wig, Hanzhang Lu","doi":"10.1162/IMAG.a.1216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/IMAG.a.1216","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Choroid plexus (ChP) is a highly vascularized tissue in the ventricles of the brain, and it plays an important role in the production of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and formation of the blood-CSF barrier. The function of ChP vessels has been implicated in waste clearance efficiency during aging and neurodegenerative diseases. At present, postmortem studies are the main method to assess choroid plexus vascular integrity, with a few tools to measure ChP function in living humans. Here, we proposed a non-invasive MRI approach to assess ChP vascular elasticity based on the detection of MRI signal changes in response to vasoactive challenges. The mechanism of the signal is hypothesized to be due to reciprocal blood and stroma volume alterations during vessel expansion. We demonstrated that ChP vascular elasticity can be evaluated with BOLD MRI using a hypercapnia challenge of CO2 inhalation. This effect is specifically located in the brain ventricles where ChP is abundant. We revealed the ability of the technique in detecting age-related reduction in ChP vascular elasticity. We further showed that this effect can be assessed with gas-free methods, including intermittent breath modulation and resting-state BOLD fMRI. We characterized the image contrast requirement under which this effect can be detected. This technique may provide a clinically feasible tool for assessing ChP vascular function in health and disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":73341,"journal":{"name":"Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)","volume":"4 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13094013/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147791221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"All spectral frequencies of neural activity reveal semantic representation in the human anterior ventral temporal cortex.","authors":"Saskia L Frisby, Ajay D Halai, Christopher R Cox, Alex Clarke, Akihiro Shimotake, Takayuki Kikuchi, Takeharu Kuneida, Yoshiki Arakawa, Ryosuke Takahashi, Akio Ikeda, Riki Matsumoto, Timothy T Rogers, Matthew A Lambon Ralph","doi":"10.1162/IMAG.a.1201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/IMAG.a.1201","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intracranial electrophysiology offers a unique insight into the nature of information representation in the brain-it can be used to disentangle information encoded in gamma and high gamma frequencies from information encoded in lower frequencies. We used regularised logistic regression to decode animacy from time-frequency power and phase extracted from electrocorticography (ECoG) grid electrode data recorded on the surface of human ventral anterior temporal lobe (vATL). Power in gamma (30-60 Hz) and high gamma (60-200 Hz) produced reliable decoding, indicating that semantic information is, indeed, expressed by local populations in vATL. However, power from a wide range of frequencies (4-200 Hz) produced significantly higher decoding accuracy and also exhibited the same rapidly-changing dynamic code previously observed when decoding voltage. These findings support the theory that semantic information is encoded by a local vATL \"hub\" that interacts with distributed cortical \"spokes\".</p>","PeriodicalId":73341,"journal":{"name":"Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)","volume":"4 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13094022/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147791234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural correlates of emotional memory enhancement: The role of valence and arousal.","authors":"Ehssan Amini, David Coynel, Andreas Papassotiropoulos, Dominique J-F de Quervain","doi":"10.1162/IMAG.a.1213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/IMAG.a.1213","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Emotional events are remembered better than neutral ones. While many human neuroimaging studies have identified brain regions involved, relatively few-and typically small-studies have disentangled how arousal and valence shape the neural substrates of this enhancement. We leveraged a large single-centre fMRI sample (n = 1,006) in which healthy young adults viewed negative, neutral, and positive pictures during scanning followed by an unannounced free-recall test. Using whole-brain subsequent-memory analyses (P_FWE < 0.05), we contrasted successful encoding of emotional (negative + positive) vs neutral items, then tested valence-specific effects (successful encoding: negative > neutral; positive > neutral), and finally controlled for subjective arousal via serial parametric modulation. Behaviourally, recall was higher for emotional than for neutral pictures. Consistent with prior meta-analytic evidence, emotional > neutral successful encoding engaged occipito-temporal visual cortex, anterior cingulate, insula, and amygdala. Additionally, we observed an extensive temporoparietal network, while hippocampal/parahippocampal activations were absent. After controlling for arousal, amygdala and insula effects were no longer significant, indicating these regions were sensitive to arousal rather than valence. Overlap of negative- and positive-valence enhancement localised primarily to the occipito-temporal cortex. Negative-specific enhancement recruited the lateral occipital/fusiform and bilateral supramarginal regions; positive-specific enhancement involved the rostral/caudal anterior cingulate, superior frontal, and parietal cortex, as well as the precuneus. Successful neutral encoding preferentially engaged frontoparietal control regions and bilateral lingual/parahippocampal cortex. Together, these findings dissociate valence-dependent from arousal-dependent mechanisms and reveal both partially overlapping and distinct networks for negative and positive memory enhancement, refining neurocognitive models of emotional memory encoding.</p>","PeriodicalId":73341,"journal":{"name":"Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)","volume":"4 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13094029/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147791174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex-specific associations of gestational age at birth and birth size with early life within-network brain connectivity: An exploratory study.","authors":"Diana C Pacyga, Jake E Thistle, Emily J Werder, Sofia F Zhang, Jessie P Buckley, Weiyan Yin, Zhengwang Wu, Tengfei Li, Li Wang, Gang Li, Joseph Piven, John H Gilmore, Jed T Elison, Weili Lin, Stephanie M Engel, Kyle S Burger","doi":"10.1162/IMAG.a.1204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/IMAG.a.1204","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gestational age at birth and birth size are major risk factors for early life behavioral/cognitive problems, but their impact on functional brain network dynamics during this period is not understood. Our objective was to conduct an exploratory study to evaluate associations of birth measures with longitudinal early life functional connectivity. The Baby Connectome Project used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging to assess connectivity within seven canonical brain networks (Yeo atlas): dorsal attention, salience, limbic, frontoparietal, default mode, visual, and sensorimotor. For 254 children <3 years old (contributing 583 observations), birth weight, birth length, and gestational age at birth were self-reported or abstracted from medical records, and we calculated weight-to-length ratio. Using covariate-adjusted multiple linear mixed models, we evaluated overall and sex-specific associations of birth measures as continuous variables and in tertiles with each network, which were Fisher <i>r</i>-to-<i>z</i>-transformed. Most children (54% female) were born to non-Hispanic White (80%) and college-educated (83%) mothers, were delivered ≥37 weeks gestation (97%), and had birth weights ≥2.5 kg (98%). Only birth size measures were associated with brain network connectivity. Compared with that in tertile 2, frontoparietal network connectivity was higher in birth weight tertile 1 (β: 0.02; 95% CI: 0.00, 0.04) and tertile 3 (β: 0.03; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.05). Also, compared with birth size tertile 2, birth size tertile 3 was associated with higher limbic (birth length β: 0.03; 95% CI: 0.00, 0.07) and default mode (birth length β: 0.02; 95% CI: 0.00, 0.03), but decreased sensorimotor (birth weight β: -0.03; 95% CI: -0.05, 0.00; birth length β: -0.03; 95% CI: -0.05, 0.00) network connectivity. Compared with birth size tertile 2, birth size tertile 1 was associated with lower limbic (birth weight β: -0.04; 95% CI: -0.08, 0.00) and default mode (weight-to-length ratio β: -0.02; 95% CI: -0.04, 0.00). In sex-stratified models, birth size was associated with frontoparietal and default mode networks in both sexes; sensorimotor, limbic, and dorsal attention networks in males; and salience and visual networks in females. Associations followed a U-shaped pattern in females, whereas those in males appeared at only the lowest or highest tertile. In this non-clinical sample, birth size was sex-specifically associated with early life brain network dynamics. This may have implications for later neurodevelopment.</p>","PeriodicalId":73341,"journal":{"name":"Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)","volume":"4 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13094023/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147791196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dissecting medial temporal lobe from diencephalic sub-volumes: The amnesia dichotomy revisited.","authors":"Célia Soussi, Léa Chauveau, Robin de Flores, Nicolas Cabé, Alice Laniepce, Laurent Coulbault, Céline Boudehent, Vincent de la Sayette, Gael Chételat, Shailendra Segobin, Anne-Lise Pitel","doi":"10.1162/IMAG.a.1205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/IMAG.a.1205","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Severe episodic memory deficits have historically been categorized as diencephalic amnesia, like in Korsakoff's Syndrome (KS), or as medial temporal lobe (MTL) amnesia, like in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). However, recent research has highlighted that both MTL and thalamus contribute to episodic memory. We aimed to challenge the traditional distinction by assessing whether subregional volume loss in the MTL and diencephalon reflects the distinct amnesia profiles traditionally associated with KS and AD. This cross-sectional observational study includes 203 subjects, comprising 81 healthy control participants. Of the 122 patients, 42 had amnesia: 18 patients with KS and 24 patients with AD at a dementia stage (dAD); and 80 had mild cognitive disorders: 50 patients with severe alcohol use disorder (AUD) without KS and 30 patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). High-resolution T1-weighted MRI was used to quantify MTL subregions (anterior/posterior hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, parahippocampal cortex) using the ASHS-T1 pipeline and key diencephalic structures (anterior/mediodorsal thalamic nuclei, mammillothalamic tract) using the HIPS-THOMAS toolbox. Volume loss among patients and regions were compared using a linear mixed model. For each region, correlations between episodic memory and volumes loss were assessed and compared between aMCI/dAD and AUD/KS patients. Results showed no volume difference between patient groups for the anterior and posterior hippocampus and parahippocampal cortex. Entorhinal cortex was more altered in aMCI and dAD than in AUD and KS. KS and AUD patients showed disproportionate structural alterations in thalamic nuclei and mammillothalamic tracts compared with MTL subregions. KS patients showed more severe alterations than all other groups, except for anterior thalamic nuclei for which volume did not differ between KS and dAD. Episodic memory performance of AUD and KS patients correlated with volumes loss in the anterior and mediodorsal thalamic nuclei and mammillothalamic tract, while that of aMCI and dAD patients correlated with volume loss in the anterior hippocampus. Alterations in the MTL and diencephalon are not as clearly dissociated as traditionally proposed in the classification of amnesia. While KS pathology is characterized by more severe diencephalic alterations, only the entorhinal cortex is more damaged in AD than in KS. Neither hippocampal nor anterior thalamic volume loss appears to distinguish between the two types of amnesia, suggesting that structural changes in these two regions jointly participate to the pathophysiology of amnesia whatever the etiology. However, these alterations are not similarly involved in memory deficits, which suggests different architectural and/or functional implications of same-scale volume loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":73341,"journal":{"name":"Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)","volume":"4 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13081738/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147700970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}