Hepatitis research and treatment最新文献_第4页

Transforming Growth Factor- β 1 Gene Polymorphism (T29C) in Egyptian Patients with Hepatitis B Virus Infection: A Preliminary Study. 埃及乙型肝炎病毒感染患者转化生长因子- β 1基因多态性(T29C)的初步研究

Hepatitis research and treatment Pub Date : 2013-01-01 Epub Date: 2013-12-18 DOI: 10.1155/2013/293274

Roba M Talaat, Mahmoud F Dondeti, Soha Z El-Shenawy, Omaima A Khamiss

{"title":"Transforming Growth Factor- β 1 Gene Polymorphism (T29C) in Egyptian Patients with Hepatitis B Virus Infection: A Preliminary Study.","authors":"Roba M Talaat, Mahmoud F Dondeti, Soha Z El-Shenawy, Omaima A Khamiss","doi":"10.1155/2013/293274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/293274","url":null,"abstract":"The interindividual variations in the capacity of transforming growth factor- β 1 (TGF- β 1) production have been ascribed to genetic polymorphisms in TGF- β 1 gene. As pathogenesis of HBV has a genetic background, this preliminary study was designed to assess the impact of TGF- β 1 (T29C) on the susceptibility of Egyptians to HBV infection. Genotyping was performed using single stranded polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction (SSP-PCR) in 65 Egyptian hepatitis B patients and 50 healthy controls. TGF- β 1 plasma levels were measured using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The frequency of CC genotype was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in HBV patients compared to controls. On the contrary, TC genotype did not show significant difference in both groups. TT genotype was significantly higher (P < 0.01) in controls than HBV patients. Our current preliminary data revealed that the frequency of the genotypes in the controls were within Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) while the patients group was out of HWE (P < 0.01). TGF- β 1 was significantly (r = -0.684; P < 0.001) deceased in the sera of patients as compared to normal subjects. Depending on our preliminary work, CC genotype may act as a host genetic factor in the susceptibility to HBV infection in Egyptians. Taken together, the current data pointed to the importance of polymorphism of TGF- β 1 gene (T29C) in HBV infection. ","PeriodicalId":73232,"journal":{"name":"Hepatitis research and treatment","volume":"2013 ","pages":"293274"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/293274","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32056766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Measuring the response of extrahepatic symptoms and quality of life to antiviral treatment in patients with hepatitis C. 测量丙型肝炎患者肝外症状和生活质量对抗病毒治疗的反应。

Hepatitis research and treatment Pub Date : 2013-01-01 Epub Date: 2013-10-07 DOI: 10.1155/2013/910519

David Isaacs, Nader Abdelaziz, Majella Keller, Jeremy Tibble, Inam Haq

{"title":"Measuring the response of extrahepatic symptoms and quality of life to antiviral treatment in patients with hepatitis C.","authors":"David Isaacs, Nader Abdelaziz, Majella Keller, Jeremy Tibble, Inam Haq","doi":"10.1155/2013/910519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/910519","url":null,"abstract":"Background. HCV infection is associated with musculoskeletal manifestations such as chronic widespread pain, sicca syndrome, polyarthritis, and a reduced HRQOL. Little data is available on the effect of treatment on these manifestations. This study measured changes in extrahepatic symptoms and HRQOL before and after antiviral treatment in a large UK patient cohort. Methods. 118 patients completed HQLQ and rheumatological questionnaires before and after treatment with pegylated interferon- α and ribavirin, with specific regard to chronic widespread pain, sicca syndrome, and sustained virological response. Results. There was significant improvement in HQLQ domains of physical functioning, physical disability, social functioning, limitations and health distress due to hepatitis, and general health. There was significant deterioration in domains of positive well-being, health distress, and mental health. There was a significant decline prevalence of CWP (26.3% versus 15.3%, P = 0.015). Sicca syndrome prevalence fell insignificantly (12.7% versus 11%). SVR was associated positively with all HRQOL changes and significantly with CWP remission. Conclusions. HCV antivirals significantly improve poor HRQOL scores and CWP. Before treatment, both were common, coassociated, and unaccounted for through mixed cryoglobulinemia alone. Although a role of the hepatitis C virus in CWP cannot be deduced by these results, symptomatic improvement via antiviral treatment exists for this subset of patients. ","PeriodicalId":73232,"journal":{"name":"Hepatitis research and treatment","volume":"2013 ","pages":"910519"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/910519","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31859487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16

Interferon- α -Induced Changes to Natural Killer Cells Are Associated with the Treatment Outcomes in Patients with HCV Infections. 干扰素- α诱导的自然杀伤细胞改变与丙型肝炎感染患者的治疗结果相关。

Hepatitis research and treatment Pub Date : 2013-01-01 Epub Date: 2013-08-13 DOI: 10.1155/2013/374196

Shinji Shimoda, Kosuke Sumida, Sho Iwasaka, Satomi Hisamoto, Hironori Tanimoto, Hideyuki Nomura, Kazufumi Dohmen, Kazuhiro Takahashi, Akira Kawano, Eiichi Ogawa, Norihiro Furusyo, Koichi Akashi, Jun Hayashi

{"title":"Interferon- α -Induced Changes to Natural Killer Cells Are Associated with the Treatment Outcomes in Patients with HCV Infections.","authors":"Shinji Shimoda, Kosuke Sumida, Sho Iwasaka, Satomi Hisamoto, Hironori Tanimoto, Hideyuki Nomura, Kazufumi Dohmen, Kazuhiro Takahashi, Akira Kawano, Eiichi Ogawa, Norihiro Furusyo, Koichi Akashi, Jun Hayashi","doi":"10.1155/2013/374196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/374196","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. We analyzed the pretreatment natural killer (NK) cell functions with the aim of predicting the sustained virological response (SVR) or the interleukin (IL) 28B polymorphism that is strongly associated with the treatment response. Methods. The peripheral NK cells from chronic hepatitis patients with HCV genotype 1 and high virus titers were activated using a Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 ligand and IFN- α . The cell surface markers were evaluated using a flow cytometric analysis, and IFN- γ production was evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The genotyping of the polymorphisms in the IL28B gene region (rs8099917) on chromosome 19 was performed on the DNA collected from each patient. Results. The production of IFN- γ was significantly higher in the SVR patients compared with the no-response (NR) patients, whereas the cell surface markers were similar between the SVR and the NR patients. There were no significant differences found in the IL28B genotype distribution associated with the production of IFN- γ . Conclusion. Differences in the NK cell functions were observed between the SVR patients and the NR patients, suggesting that NK cells play a potential role in the treatment response independent of the IL28B genotype. ","PeriodicalId":73232,"journal":{"name":"Hepatitis research and treatment","volume":"2013 ","pages":"374196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/374196","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31700990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Circulating cytokines and histological liver damage in chronic hepatitis B infection. 慢性乙型肝炎感染的循环细胞因子和组织学肝损伤。

Hepatitis research and treatment Pub Date : 2013-01-01 Epub Date: 2013-10-31 DOI: 10.1155/2013/757246

Kittiyod Poovorawan, Pisit Tangkijvanich, Chintana Chirathaworn, Naruemon Wisedopas, Sombat Treeprasertsuk, Piyawat Komolmit, Yong Poovorawan

{"title":"Circulating cytokines and histological liver damage in chronic hepatitis B infection.","authors":"Kittiyod Poovorawan, Pisit Tangkijvanich, Chintana Chirathaworn, Naruemon Wisedopas, Sombat Treeprasertsuk, Piyawat Komolmit, Yong Poovorawan","doi":"10.1155/2013/757246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/757246","url":null,"abstract":"Each phase of hepatitis B infection stimulates distinct viral kinetics and host immune responses resulting in liver damage and hepatic fibrosis. Our objective has been to correlate host inflammatory immune response including circulating Th1 and Th2 cytokines in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection with liver histopathology. Sixty-four patients with chronic hepatitis B without previous treatment were recruited. The liver histology and histological activity index were assessed for various degrees of necroinflammation and hepatic fibrosis. We determined circulating levels of the Th1 and Th2 cytokines. Forty-six males and 18 females at a median age of 34.5 years were studied. HBeAg was present in 28/64 (43.75%) of the patients. In patients negative for HBeAg, IL-10 and IFN-gamma were significantly correlated with degrees of necroinflammation (r = 0.34, r = 0.38, resp.; P < 0.05). Moreover, TNF-alpha was significantly correlated with degrees of fibrosis (r = 0.35; P < 0.05), and IL-10 and TNF-alpha were significantly correlated with significant fibrosis (r = 0.39, r = 0.35, resp.; P < 0.05). These correlations were found in the HBeAg negative group as opposed to the HBeAg positive group. In HBeAg negative patients, circulating cytokines IL-10 and IFN-gamma were correlated with degrees of necroinflammation, whereas IL-10 and TNF-alpha were correlated with significant fibrosis. ","PeriodicalId":73232,"journal":{"name":"Hepatitis research and treatment","volume":"2013 ","pages":"757246"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/757246","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31913733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16

Occult hepatitis B: clinical viewpoint and management. 隐匿性乙型肝炎:临床观点与治疗。

Hepatitis research and treatment Pub Date : 2013-01-01 Epub Date: 2013-03-04 DOI: 10.1155/2013/259148

Mehdi Zobeiri

引用次数: 32

Parvovirus b19 associated hepatitis. 细小病毒b19相关性肝炎。

Hepatitis research and treatment Pub Date : 2013-01-01 Epub Date: 2013-10-22 DOI: 10.1155/2013/472027

Chhagan Bihari, Archana Rastogi, Priyanka Saxena, Devraj Rangegowda, Ashok Chowdhury, Nalini Gupta, Shiv Kumar Sarin

{"title":"Parvovirus b19 associated hepatitis.","authors":"Chhagan Bihari, Archana Rastogi, Priyanka Saxena, Devraj Rangegowda, Ashok Chowdhury, Nalini Gupta, Shiv Kumar Sarin","doi":"10.1155/2013/472027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/472027","url":null,"abstract":"Parvovirus B19 infection can present with myriads of clinical diseases and syndromes; liver manifestations and hepatitis are examples of them. Parvovirus B19 hepatitis associated aplastic anemia and its coinfection with other hepatotropic viruses are relatively underrecognized, and there is sufficient evidence in the literature suggesting that B19 infections can cause a spectrum of liver diseases from elevation of transaminases to acute hepatitis to fulminant liver failure and even chronic hepatitis. It can also cause fatal macrophage activation syndrome and fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis. Parvovirus B19 is an erythrovirus that can only be replicate in pronormoblasts and hepatocytes, and other cells which have globosides and glycosphingolipids in their membrane can also be affected by direct virus injury due to nonstructural protein 1 persistence and indirectly by immune mediated injury. The virus infection is suspected in bone marrow aspiration in cases with sudden drop of hemoglobin and onset of transient aplastic anemia in immunosuppressed or immunocompetent patients and is confirmed either by IgM and IgG positive serology, PCR analysis, and in situ hybridization in biopsy specimens or by application of both. There is no specific treatment for parvovirus B19 related liver diseases, but triple therapy regimen may be effective consisting of immunoglobulin, dehydrohydrocortisone, and cyclosporine. ","PeriodicalId":73232,"journal":{"name":"Hepatitis research and treatment","volume":"2013 ","pages":"472027"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/472027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31864304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 55

Tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism and insulin resistance in hepatitis C patients. 丙型肝炎患者色氨酸-犬尿氨酸代谢与胰岛素抵抗。

Hepatitis research and treatment Pub Date : 2013-01-01 Epub Date: 2013-09-04 DOI: 10.1155/2013/149247

G F Oxenkrug, W A Turski, W Zgrajka, J V Weinstock, P Summergrad

{"title":"Tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism and insulin resistance in hepatitis C patients.","authors":"G F Oxenkrug, W A Turski, W Zgrajka, J V Weinstock, P Summergrad","doi":"10.1155/2013/149247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/149247","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with 50% incidence of insulin resistance (IR) that is fourfold higher than that in non-HCV population. IR impairs the outcome of antiviral treatment. The molecular mechanisms of IR in HCV are not entirely clear. Experimental and clinical data suggested that hepatitis C virus per se is diabetogenic. However, presence of HCV alone does not affect IR. It was proposed that IR is mediated by proinflammatory cytokines, mainly by TNF-alpha. TNF-alpha potentiates interferon-gamma-induced transcriptional activation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, the rate-limiting enzyme of tryptophan- (TRP-) kynurenine (KYN) metabolism. Upregulation of TRP-KYN metabolism was reported in HCV patients. KYN and some of its derivatives affect insulin signaling pathways. We hypothesized that upregulation of TRP-KYN metabolism might contribute to the development of IR in HCV. To check this suggestion, we evaluated serum concentrations of TRP and KYN and HOMA-IR and HOMA-beta in 60 chronic HCV patients considered for the treatment with IFN-alpha. KYN and TRP concentrations correlated with HOMA-IR and HOMA-beta scores. Our data suggest the involvement of KYN and its metabolites in the development of IR in HCV patients. TRP-KYN metabolism might be a new target for prevention and treatment of IR in HCV patients. ","PeriodicalId":73232,"journal":{"name":"Hepatitis research and treatment","volume":"2013 ","pages":"149247"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/149247","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31772555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 35

Predictors of health-related quality of life in outpatients with cirrhosis: results from a prospective cohort. 肝硬化门诊患者健康相关生活质量的预测因素:来自前瞻性队列的结果

Hepatitis research and treatment Pub Date : 2013-01-01 Epub Date: 2013-12-22 DOI: 10.1155/2013/479639

Maja Thiele, Gro Askgaard, Hans B Timm, Ole Hamberg, Lise L Gluud

{"title":"Predictors of health-related quality of life in outpatients with cirrhosis: results from a prospective cohort.","authors":"Maja Thiele, Gro Askgaard, Hans B Timm, Ole Hamberg, Lise L Gluud","doi":"10.1155/2013/479639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/479639","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Cirrhosis may lead to a poor health-related quality of life (HRQOL), which should be taken into consideration when addressing the cirrhotic outpatient. Methods. Prospective cohort study evaluating predictors of HRQOL in outpatients with cirrhosis. Patients with overt hepatic encephalopathy at baseline were excluded. HRQOL was evaluated at baseline using the six point Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire. Predictors of low quality of life scores (<4 points) and mortality were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression. Results. In total, 92 patients were included (mean age 61 years, 59% male). Nineteen patients died (mean duration of follow-up 20 months). The mean Child-Pugh score was 6.9. Twenty percent had a poor HRQOL judged by the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire score and 45% had covert hepatic encephalopathy. The only predictors of poor HRQOL were the Child-Pugh score (β=0.45;P = 0.013), nonalcoholic etiology of cirrhosis (β=-2.34;P = 0.009), and body mass index (β=-0.20;P = 0.023). The body mass index predicted poor HRQOL independently of the presence of ascites and albumin level. Conclusions. The body mass index was associated with a low HRQOL. This suggests that malnutrition may be an important target in the management of patients with cirrhosis. ","PeriodicalId":73232,"journal":{"name":"Hepatitis research and treatment","volume":"2013 ","pages":"479639"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/479639","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32083499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 25

Involvement of Differential Relationship between HCV Replication and Hepatic PRR Signaling Gene Expression in Responsiveness to IFN-Based Therapy. HCV复制和肝脏PRR信号基因表达在ifn治疗反应性中的差异关系

Hepatitis research and treatment Pub Date : 2013-01-01 Epub Date: 2013-12-29 DOI: 10.1155/2013/917261

Nobukazu Yuki, Shinji Matsumoto, Michio Kato, Toshikazu Yamaguchi

{"title":"Involvement of Differential Relationship between HCV Replication and Hepatic PRR Signaling Gene Expression in Responsiveness to IFN-Based Therapy.","authors":"Nobukazu Yuki, Shinji Matsumoto, Michio Kato, Toshikazu Yamaguchi","doi":"10.1155/2013/917261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/917261","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To gain an insight into the effect of HCV replication-associated interference with the IFN system on hepatic mRNA expression involved in IFN production. Methods. Relative mRNA expression of TLR3/RIG-I signaling genes involved in IFN- β production was correlated with positive- and negative-strand HCV RNAs in pretreatment liver tissues responsive and nonresponsive to peginterferon and ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C genotype 1. Treatment response was analyzed for per protocol population at weeks 12 (n = 45) and 24 (n = 40) and at 24 weeks aftertreatment (n = 38). Results. HCV replication had no relation to the expression of TLR3, RIG-I, TRIF, IPS-1, IRF3, and IFN- β mRNAs in responders. In striking contrast, positive- and/or negative-strand HCV showed positive correlations with TLR3, RIG-I, TRIF, IPS-1, and IRF3 mRNAs in week-12 nonresponders; with RIG-I, TRIF, IPS-1, and IRF3 mRNAs in week-24 nonresponders; and with TLR3, RIG-I, and IRF3 mRNAs in posttreatment nonresponders. Thus mRNA expression of TLR3/RIG-I signaling genes was increased in relation to viral replication in nonresponders. Conclusions. The findings in IFN nonresponders may imply a host feedback response to severe impairment of the IFN system associated with HCV replication. ","PeriodicalId":73232,"journal":{"name":"Hepatitis research and treatment","volume":"2013 ","pages":"917261"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/917261","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32083500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Postinfantile giant cell hepatitis: an etiological and prognostic perspective. 婴儿期后巨细胞肝炎：病因和预后的视角。

Hepatitis research and treatment Pub Date : 2013-01-01 Epub Date: 2013-03-11 DOI: 10.1155/2013/601290

Chhagan Bihari, Archana Rastogi, Shiv Kumar Sarin

{"title":"Postinfantile giant cell hepatitis: an etiological and prognostic perspective.","authors":"Chhagan Bihari, Archana Rastogi, Shiv Kumar Sarin","doi":"10.1155/2013/601290","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2013/601290","url":null,"abstract":"Giant cell hepatitis is common manifestation in pediatric liver diseases, but quite uncommon in adults, only about 100 cases reported in the English literature in the last two decades. Data for the present review were identified by a structured PubMed/MEDLINE search from 1963 to December 2012, using keywords postinfantile giant cell hepatitis (PIGCH), adult giant cell hepatitis, and syncytial giant cell hepatitis in adults and liver. We report a case of postinfantile giant cell hepatitis along with the review related to the etiology and respective outcome, as the literature in the last 20 years suggests. This condition is probably due to idiosyncratic or cytopathic response of individual to various hepatocytic stimuli. It is purely a histomorphological diagnosis and does not establish the etiology. Autoimmune liver diseases are most common etiology, in around 40% of cases, but various viruses, drugs, posttransplant condition, and other causes also have been reported. Prognosis depends upon the etiology. In this paper, we emphasized various causative factors of PIGCH and their respective outcome in patients affected by them. We also highlighted the possible pathogenesis and histopathological spectrum of this entity on the basis of description given in various studies and our limited experience of few cases.","PeriodicalId":73232,"journal":{"name":"Hepatitis research and treatment","volume":" ","pages":"601290"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3608114/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40245326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0