{"title":"Hard metal lung disease","authors":"Masanori Akira , Narufumi Suganuma","doi":"10.1016/j.hsr.2024.100167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hsr.2024.100167","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The inhalation of hard metal may produce various respiratory manifestations including upper respiratory tract irritation, asthma, hypersensitivity pneumonia (HP), and a particular form of interstitial lung disease. Co is the main cause of the adverse health outcomes in hard metal workers. A particular form of interstitial lung disease, called hard metal lung disease (HMLD) includes giant cell interstitial pneumonia (GIP) and pulmonary fibrosis. Clinical and radiologic features of GIP resemble those of HP. In patients with HMLD, pulmonary fibrosis showing usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern is found. It is unclear that GIP progresses to severe fibrosis showing UIP pattern if the exposure to hard metal is not stopped. Follow-up CT scans suggest that GIP dose not progress to fibrosis showing UIP pattern. GIP and hard metal induced pulmonary fibrosis may be two different representations resulting from exposure to hard metal. Under current diagnostic criteria, both GIP and pulmonary fibrosis with UIP pattern are included.</p><p>Cobalt exposure can occur inhalation, ingestion, and dermal routes. There is knowledge regarding the importance of cobalt ions skin absorption in relation to absorption via the respiratory tract in cobalt exposure. Co ions skin absorption can be considered as the reason that cases of hard metal workers’ asthma and HMLD occur more often at the wet area than at the dry area.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73214,"journal":{"name":"Health sciences review (Oxford, England)","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772632024000205/pdfft?md5=9935379fed25c00a7b654b57cdb89b4d&pid=1-s2.0-S2772632024000205-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140344651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christiana E. Aruwa, Theolyn Chellan, Nosipho W. S'thebe, Yamkela Dweba, Saheed Sabiu
{"title":"ESKAPE pathogens and associated quorum sensing systems: New targets for novel antimicrobials development","authors":"Christiana E. Aruwa, Theolyn Chellan, Nosipho W. S'thebe, Yamkela Dweba, Saheed Sabiu","doi":"10.1016/j.hsr.2024.100155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hsr.2024.100155","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Globally, antimicrobial (AMR) or multi-drug resistance (MDR) constitutes a current health challenge that is predicted to cause increased infections rates with adverse socioeconomic impacts through increase in healthcare costs. In addition, the group of <em>Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> and <em>Enterobacter</em> spp. (ESKAPE) pathogens cause debilitating infections (community and nosocomial) and are classed as priority 1 AMR pathogens. This systematic report therefore aimed at providing detailed coverage of new targets for novel antimicrobials development against MDR ESKAPE pathogens to mitigate future AMR spread and improve current public health indices. The prevalent ESKAPE bacterial group show high resistance to quinolones, lactams, cephalosporins, carbapenems and other antibiotic groups, and ability to form biofilms linked to various quorum sensing systems (QSSs) that boost their virulence. These QS pathways have become viable targets in drug design efforts for new antimicrobials development. Also, since antibiotics discovery and development has waned in the past decade, the emergence of advanced computational modelling technologies in drug design, repurposing and development efforts may yet bridge the gap. As such, in this work we provided a comprehensive and systematic overview using relevant, included data and findings on ESKAPE pathogens, their QSSs to target for novel antimicrobial agents’ development, the contributions of computational tools at the heart of novel antimicrobial advancements and their roles in bioprospecting and developing novel ‘druggable’ candidates and therapies with anti-biofilm, and anti-quorum sensing activities to mitigate AMR, biofilm and QS-related pathogenicity factors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73214,"journal":{"name":"Health sciences review (Oxford, England)","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772632024000084/pdfft?md5=8d2b08b397c1f7fd490e9c87327382dd&pid=1-s2.0-S2772632024000084-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140141464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cipaglucosidase alfa-atga: Unveiling new horizons in Pompe disease therapy","authors":"Arshdeep Singh , Rabin Debnath , Aniket Saini , Kushal Seni , Anjali Sharma , Deepak Singh Bisht , Viney Chawla , Pooja A Chawla","doi":"10.1016/j.hsr.2024.100160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hsr.2024.100160","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pompe disease is a lysosomal storage disease characterized by impaired glycogen breakdown due to an acid α-glucosidase (GAA) enzyme deficiency. Without therapy, children with the severe infantile form do not survive past their first year of life. POMBILITI which is intended to treat late-onset Pompe disease. The enzyme cipaglucosidase alfa-atga, which is produced from Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells, is a component of this novel drug. This enzyme is produced using a highly developed process known as perfusion methodology. Recombinant human α-glucosidase (rhGAA) is expressed and produced in CHO cells using the perfusion process. This drug helps to treat Pompe disease by the breakdown of glycogen within lysosomes. Late-onset Pompe disease is characterized by a deficiency in Alpha glucosidase, leading to the accumulation of glycogen within lysosomes and subsequent cellular dysfunction. POMBILITI's targeted approach involves the administration of the rhGAA enzyme, providing a therapeutic replacement for the deficient natural enzyme. This drug aims to restore the normal physiological function of lysosomes, thereby mitigating the impact of Pompe disease on affected individuals. The current study is focused on the drug cipaglucosidase alfa-atga which the FDA has approved for the treatment of Pompe disease on 28 September 2023.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73214,"journal":{"name":"Health sciences review (Oxford, England)","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772632024000138/pdfft?md5=3bdff161a233a6477caa05ad78ea5831&pid=1-s2.0-S2772632024000138-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140141465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hiba Butt , Rafia Naeem , Ahya Aziz , Areeba Rizvi , Eman Izhar , Muhammad Arham Bin Kashif , Jaleed Gilani , Kainat M. Hamid , Abdullah Malik , Maryam Tariq , Suraksha Rani , Shayan Marsia
{"title":"Administration of prophylactic levetiracetam in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Hiba Butt , Rafia Naeem , Ahya Aziz , Areeba Rizvi , Eman Izhar , Muhammad Arham Bin Kashif , Jaleed Gilani , Kainat M. Hamid , Abdullah Malik , Maryam Tariq , Suraksha Rani , Shayan Marsia","doi":"10.1016/j.hsr.2024.100168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hsr.2024.100168","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Levetiracetam (LEV) is not frequently recommended as a preventative medication for seizures after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Although there are differing opinions among clinicians, current recommendations do not support its use. We aim to assess the effectiveness of LEV in seizure prophylaxis in patients with ICH. We systematically searched PUBMED, SCOPUS, and other databases. Clinical trials and observational studies that enrolled patients in Spontaneous ICH and provided independent data on LEV were included. The pooled proportions of reported findings were determined using the random-effects model and forest plots were created. We identified six studies with a total of 1,166 patients for the analyses of primary and secondary outcomes. There were no significant differences in the total frequency of seizures between LEV treatment and placebo (OR=0.52; 95% CI-0.21–1.31; <em>P</em>=0.17) and also LEV treatment did not lower the death rate. (OR=1.14, 95% CI-0.57–2.26, <em>P</em>- 0.71). In half of the investigations (<em>n</em>=3), the poor clinical outcomes were defined using the mRS (i.e. score >3). The results showed that taking the placebo resulted in worse outcomes (OR-6.24, 95% CI-3.97-9.81, P.00001). Overall, there were no appreciable differences between LEV and placebo regarding the change in NIHSS of less than 25 (MID, 1.98; 95%CI, 0.15–4.12; <em>P</em>=0.07). However, these two trials showed a significant amount of heterogeneity (I2=83%). LEV did not significantly reduce mortality and seizure occurrences on average than those on other anti-epileptic medications. Our study is the first to analyze the efficacy of this newer-generation anti-epileptic drug for seizure prophylaxis in patients with ICH.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73214,"journal":{"name":"Health sciences review (Oxford, England)","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772632024000217/pdfft?md5=f5360342aa61e8507a2dc4aff0a3a028&pid=1-s2.0-S2772632024000217-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140320936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recurrence following perineal proctosigmoidectomy with levatorplasty: Review and meta-analyses","authors":"Sahil Sharma , Tyler McKechnie , Jigish Khamar , Simarpreet Ichhpuniani , Cagla Eskicioglu","doi":"10.1016/j.hsr.2024.100159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hsr.2024.100159","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Full-thickness rectal prolapse remains a challenging pathology to correct surgically with significant recurrence rates. Among perineal approaches, the proctosigmoidectomy with levatorplasty, commonly referred to as the Altemeier procedure is frequently performed. The addition of levatorplasty has been postulated to improve recurrence rates, however, its efficacy varies across studies. The aim of this study was to systematically review recurrence rates following proctosigmoidectomy with levatorplasty, and to meta-analyze pooled data comparing recurrence rates between proctosigmoidectomy with and without a levatorplasty.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A search of EMBASE, OVID Medline, and CENTRAL was performed from database inception to October 2021 aimed at identifying studies investigating recurrences of rectal prolapse following proctosigmoidectomy with levatorplasty. Primary endpoint was recurrence of rectal prolapse. Articles that did not report this endpoint or did not evaluate proctosigmoidectomy with levatorplasty were excluded. A pairwise meta-analysis was performed using Mantel-Haenszel random effects.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>From 200 citations, 14 primary studies met inclusion criteria. A total of 620 patients (88.9% female, mean age: 71 years) underwent proctosigmoidectomy with levatorplasty, and 117 without levatorplasty. Of the patients undergoing levatorplasty, 86 (13.8%) experienced a recurrence. Mean follow up was 46 months. Meta-analysis comparing recurrence rates between proctosigmoidectomy with and without levatorplasty demonstrated no significant difference (RR 0.80, 0.92, 95% CI 0.32–2.59, <em>P</em> = 0.87, I<sup>2</sup> = 77%). Narrative review of postoperative quality of life metrics demonstrated decreased incontinence with levatorplasty as measured by Wexner and ICIQ-SIF scores.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>The addition of a levatorplasty does not significantly reduce the risk of recurrent rectal prolapse after proctosigmoidectomy, however it may improve postoperative continence.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73214,"journal":{"name":"Health sciences review (Oxford, England)","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772632024000126/pdfft?md5=0bff61fa4e5809c0a358e299824171a3&pid=1-s2.0-S2772632024000126-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140134604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Therapeutic potential of baicalein against neurodegenerative diseases: An updated review","authors":"Nazia Siddiqui , Mohd Talib , Prabhash Nath Tripathi , Anoop Kumar , Alok Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.hsr.2024.100172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hsr.2024.100172","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and epilepsy sickness, currently impact millions of people globally. Thus yet, the primary etiology of these ailments has not been determined. Regretfully, no medication can prevent the onset of these illnesses. The primary risk factor for these illnesses developing is age. Recently, there has been an increase in interest among researchers to investigate the potential therapeutic benefits of herbal remedies for neurodegenerative diseases. Flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, alkaloids, and phenols are examples of secondary metabolites that have been used to prevent adverse effects and delay disease progression. Baicalein (5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone), a flavonoid found in the traditional Chinese herb Huangqin (Scutellaria Baicalensis George), helps block the age-associated damage pathways linked to neurological diseases. This review offers a plausible argument in favour of baicalein's beneficial effect in models of AD, PD, HD, and epilepsy. Baicalein reduces amyloid-beta and Tau oligomers, oxidative stress, and acetylcholinesterase activity in AD by binding to the enzyme's active site. Additionally, Baicalein reduces mitochondrial dysfunction against N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced neuro-inflammation in PD via inhibiting the NLRP3/caspase-1/gasdermin-D pathway. In HD, Baicalein was used to test its possible neuroprotective ability via N-methyl-<span>D</span>-aspartate receptor antagonism against quinolinic acid-induced neurotoxicity. Moreover, Baicalein reduces inflammation in epilepsy by controlling the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor in microglia to prevent pilocarpine-induced epilepsy. The protective effect of Baicalein provides the potential future therapeutic approach against various neurological disorders.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73214,"journal":{"name":"Health sciences review (Oxford, England)","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772632024000254/pdfft?md5=d261778a472fcc729aaf20654136ebde&pid=1-s2.0-S2772632024000254-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140618250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gilda Rechici, Cesare Maino, Davide Ippolito, Rocco Corso
{"title":"The impact of COVID-19 in the management of breast radiology units: What we have learned since 2020? A systematic review","authors":"Gilda Rechici, Cesare Maino, Davide Ippolito, Rocco Corso","doi":"10.1016/j.hsr.2024.100162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hsr.2024.100162","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>During the last years, the COVID-19 pandemic determined different clinical and radiological scenarios, sometimes difficult to manage, in particular in breast units. On these bases, we tried to understand what we have learned and how to improve the management of breast cancer screening and breast cancer patients.</p><p>We included a total number of 16 studies. Most published papers about managing breast units during the spread of COVID-19 were editorial, followed by original articles and reviews. Even if the COVID spread followed a bimodal distribution, most papers were published during the first wave, without significant improvement in 2021 and 2022, and were published in journals belonging to general speciality, followed by surgical and radiological journals.</p><p>One of the most common topics reported in the final included studies is prioritizing patients in the clinical setting according to individual characteristics (first of all, age), risk factors, and time since the last imaging examination. For biopsies, prioritization has been suggested according to the risk of malignant lesions. In the screening setting, this was suspended in most reported studies, also for BRCA+ patients, and then resumed with different modalities according to different centres. Moreover, some proposed the establishment of mobile units for screening or the decentralization of more screening mammograms to smaller clinics or hospital admittance for screening patients via telemedicine.</p><p>The majority of analyzed papers underlined that all patients, before admittance into the diagnostic rooms, should be screened for suspicious symptoms directly on-site or by asking by phone. In the case of patients with a high suspicion of COVID-19 infection, some papers proposed to delay all breast imaging studies and others to use dedicated departments or areas of the cancer center. In this setting, telemedicine for radiologists has also been suggested. Moreover, other suggestions should be considered: reducing patients' time in the hospital, increasing the distance between patients in the waiting room, and creating additional waiting areas.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73214,"journal":{"name":"Health sciences review (Oxford, England)","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772632024000151/pdfft?md5=d589af713f27a6b800ff02435a28baf8&pid=1-s2.0-S2772632024000151-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140320905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Service coverage and health workforce allocation strategies for geriatric and palliative care in low and middle-income countries: A systematic review","authors":"Dipika Shankar Bhattacharyya , Md. Hasibul Hossain , Goutam Kumar Dutta , Marzia Feruz Snigdha , Iffat Nowrin , KM Saif-Ur-Rahman","doi":"10.1016/j.hsr.2024.100166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hsr.2024.100166","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The rapidly expanding older population across Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) underscores the urgent need to strengthen the health systems. However, the extent of service coverage and healthcare workforce allocation strategies for geriatric and palliative care in LMICs remains inadequately explored. To address this, we conducted this systematic review, following the standard guidelines, to synthesize available data from four databases spanning 2011 to 2022. Utilizing the Risk of Bias Assessment tool for non-randomized studies (ROBANS) for quantitative studies and the JBI (formerly known as Joanna Briggs Institute) checklist for qualitative research, we assessed the risk of bias and the quality in the included studies. Despite a comprehensive search, only three eligible studies were found, revealing a scarcity of research. The identified challenges include deficiencies in leadership, governance, financing, and essential resources, leading to compromised service coverage. The health workforce, often limited and lacking inadequate training, exacerbates the situation. Our evidence synthesis proposes some potential solutions such as telemedicine and cross-country collaboration through distance learning mechanisms to address these issues. The findings and recommendations from this review offer valuable insights applicable across various healthcare service contexts within LMICs and advocate for more health systems research in this topic area.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73214,"journal":{"name":"Health sciences review (Oxford, England)","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772632024000199/pdfft?md5=c4f0c571fc54b13bc441636d1c74d208&pid=1-s2.0-S2772632024000199-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140320935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Transplant health inequities research from an operations perspective","authors":"Mustafa Akan","doi":"10.1016/j.hsr.2024.100176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hsr.2024.100176","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Organ transplantation has been proven to be an effective treatment for end-stage kidney, heart, liver and lung diseases. Recognizing the effects of health inequalities related to transplantation is important for underserved populations. This scoping review aims to map the scope of the operational management literature on health inequalities corresponding to deceased donor organ transplantation and to highlight knowledge gaps for direct future research. The document also describes some open questions that we hope will continue to attract the attention of researchers interested in the operational aspects of organ transplantation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73214,"journal":{"name":"Health sciences review (Oxford, England)","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772632024000291/pdfft?md5=89f9b463e40b1e6175825ca698b4eebe&pid=1-s2.0-S2772632024000291-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140644520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}