Health sciences review (Oxford, England)最新文献

{"title":"Managing heart failure in diabetics with dual acting sotagliflozin—A review","authors":"Kushal Seni,&nbsp;Pooja A Chawla","doi":"10.1016/j.hsr.2023.100130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hsr.2023.100130","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Heart failure (HF) is a chronic disorder that decreases heart function and causes a person to be less tolerant to exercise, have a lower quality of life, and prone to death. Novel therapeutic strategies are still needed despite improvements in HF management. Sotagliflozin is a promising medication for the treatment of HF, which is a dual sodium-glucose cotransporter 1 as well as 2 (SGLT1 and SGLT2) inhibitor. The purpose of this in-depth study is to assess sotagliflozin's effectiveness and safety in the treatment of HF. The effects of sotagliflozin on different facets of HF pathophysiology, such as blood flow, myocardial remodeling, and neurohormonal stimulation, are discussed in preclinical and clinical investigations. Sotagliflozin has been shown to be effective in lowering the risk of HF hospitalization and heart attack in patients with HF with either type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), according to numerous randomized trials, including the most recent SOLOIST-WHF or SCORED trials. Sotagliflozin's simultaneous inhibition of SGLT1 along with SGLT2 creates a special pharmacological profile that addresses both the metabolic as well as non-metabolic problems seen in HF. This review provides a comprehensive summary of various aspects related to sotagliflozin and heart failure, including the pathophysiology in heart failure, US-FDA approved treatment for HF, mechanism of action, pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamics data of sotagliflozin, reported adverse drug reactions (ADRs), and ongoing clinical trials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73214,"journal":{"name":"Health sciences review (Oxford, England)","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772632023000569/pdfft?md5=1f9b8fb097db04d3716e12975b4dcd35&pid=1-s2.0-S2772632023000569-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92135880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Xylazine addiction turning humans to zombies: Fact or Myth?","authors":"Rabin Debnath,&nbsp;Pooja A Chawla","doi":"10.1016/j.hsr.2023.100132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hsr.2023.100132","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Xylazine is a strong α-2 adrenergic agonist medication that was initially developed for use in veterinary medicine as an analgesic and sedative for animals. Its primary goal is to calm down animals undergoing medical procedures or testing while minimizing their suffering. Despite being used for veterinary purposes, xylazine has raised concerns because it is increasingly being misused by human populations. Because of its opioid-like sedative and euphoric effects, xylazine has become popular among illicit drug users. Xylazine is a popular recreational drug, especially when mixed with other drugs to intensify its effects. This is because it is inexpensive and readily available in markets. Xylazine addiction has quickly grown into a global concern with serious repercussions that are seen in 2023. Recent reports of xylazine misuse have increased alarmingly, with some reportedly becoming \"zombies\" as a result of the drug's harmful effects on the human body. The impact of xylazine misuse in 2023 is examined in this abstract, which emphasises the negative effects, including an increase in mortality and broad health effects. This review discusses the harmful effects of Xylazine and the factors that make it one of the riskiest medications. The paper also includes some case studies on the drug xylazine, which explains why it is known as a zombie drug.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73214,"journal":{"name":"Health sciences review (Oxford, England)","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772632023000582/pdfft?md5=ec5153c8d35d17bfc03834a6148c8e46&pid=1-s2.0-S2772632023000582-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92044310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review of randomized controlled trials assessing the effect of Vortioxetine on metabolic syndrome risk indicators in patients with depression","authors":"Karthik Sankar ,&nbsp;Sushma Viswanathan ,&nbsp;Uma maheswari mugundan ,&nbsp;Roshini Kizhakkedeth Nazar ,&nbsp;Saranya Ramasamy ,&nbsp;Rajanandh Muhasaparur Ganesan","doi":"10.1016/j.hsr.2023.100129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hsr.2023.100129","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The majority of antidepressants have been reported to cause metabolic syndrome (MetS). Paucity of information available for the effect of Vortioxetine on MetS. The study aims to assess the systematic review of Vortioxetine on depressive patients' blood pressure (BP), central obesity, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), triglycerides (TGs), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, which are risk factors for the MetS.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>PRISMA guidelines were followed in conducting this systematic review. The protocol has been registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021272614). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the effect of Vortioxetine on MetS risk indicators were searched in electronic databases. RCTs that included adult patients 18–75 years of age, Major depression patients (MDD) and prescribed with Vortioxetine drug. Preclinical research, editorials, letters, reviews, case reports, studies in pediatric populations, unpublished gray literature were excluded Abstract and title screening was performed, followed by full-text screening using the Covidence software. Data were extracted, and analysis was done using Cochrane Review Manager (RevMan v5.1).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Following the screening process, 8 RCTs (6 blinded and 2 open-label) were selected for systematic review. The MetS risk factors for Vortioxetine treatment in depressed patients were ambiguous from the available research. However, 4 of 8 RCTs have shown that Vortioxetine is an effective and safe treatment for depression. All the trials were methodological of high quality. <em>Conclusions:</em> A single study evaluating all the five MetS risk variables in depressed patients on Vortioxetine therapy is needed before recommending Vortioxetine as a first-line or switch therapy for depression.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73214,"journal":{"name":"Health sciences review (Oxford, England)","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49811377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virus-like particles (VLPs)-based vaccines against COVID-19: Where do we stand amid the ongoing evolution of SARS-CoV-2?","authors":"Manish Dhawan ,&nbsp;AbdulRahman A. Saied ,&nbsp;Manish Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.hsr.2023.100127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hsr.2023.100127","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic is undergoing several changes, and the evolutionary cascade of SARS-CoV-2 has led to the emergence of a range of variants of SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, the emergence of recombinant variants or super variants such as XBB.1.5, XBB.1.16, XBB.1.9.1, and XBB.1.9.2 has raised several concerns among the scientific community regarding the efficacy of various vaccines. The scientists are still figuring out the consequences of the variants and recombinant variants, such as their implications for the emergence of reinfection. In this context, a range of vaccines have been developed to overcome the consequences of COVID-19, but they all come with their disadvantages. While considering the disadvantages and advantages of various vaccine platforms, scientists are exploring virus-like particles (VLPs) to develop vaccines against COVID-19. Therefore, an updated review of literature has been conducted to elucidate their usage of VLPs-based vaccines to manage COVID-19. Considering the consequences of the ongoing evolution of SARS-CoV-2, the article discusses the potential role of VLPs in the development of efficient and reliable vaccines against COVID-19. Further, we have explained how VLPs generate a potent and long-lasting immune response, along with the recent VLPs in clinical trials. Additionally, we have highlighted the limitations of VLPs along with possible solutions and future directions that will overcome such limitations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73214,"journal":{"name":"Health sciences review (Oxford, England)","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49811375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Convolutional neural networks for traumatic brain injury classification and outcome prediction","authors":"Laura Zinnel,&nbsp;Sarah A. Bentil","doi":"10.1016/j.hsr.2023.100126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hsr.2023.100126","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The detection and classification of traumatic brain injury (TBI) by medical professionals can vary due to subjectivity and differences in experience. Thus, a computational approach for detecting and classifying TBI would be invaluable for an objective diagnosis of this injury. In this review paper, various machine learning algorithms used to detect, classify, and predict the severity and outcomes of TBI in a clinical setting are discussed. The most promising of these algorithms is the convolutional neural network (CNN), which is highlighted in the review.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73214,"journal":{"name":"Health sciences review (Oxford, England)","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49811378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of COVID-19 pandemic in high-burden countries for tuberculosis: A systematic review","authors":"Swapna Ponnampalli ,&nbsp;Naga Venkata Suryanarayana Birudukota","doi":"10.1016/j.hsr.2023.100128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hsr.2023.100128","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Tuberculosis (TB) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are the two most significant health challenges faced by the public. Numerous confirmed COVID-19 cases worldwide are concentrated in nations already burdened with TB. The COVID-19 pandemic has surpassed all other health issues globally and has significantly impacted the prevalence of TB.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A PubMed literature search (2020–2022) using the keywords, “Tuberculosis”, “Drug-resistant Tuberculosis”, “Impact of the Pandemic”, “SARS-CoV2” “COVID-19″ and “Public health”, was performed. Additional statistical information has been gathered from online databases such as the WHO COVID-19 dashboard, Nikshay Portal, and Worldometer, India.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>India, Indonesia, and the Philippines were the major contributors to the steep fall in global TB case notifications. Being the highest TB burden country, detailed trends were observed in monthly TB reports in India, compared with the newly confirmed COVID-19 cases. Flow diagrams of TB studies along with COVID-19 reports have been included in the review.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>A remarkable strain in the TB control programs was seen in high-TB troubled countries during the COVID-19 pandemic, in comparison to pre-pandemic and post-pandemic. A possible key to the prevention of the burden of TB lies in dealing with its risk factors; simultaneously raising the funds and sustaining investment in healthcare systems to address the needs of the poor and robust to the threat of epidemics. These countries should have a perpetual TB strategy to reach the target by 2030, together with an effective strategy for COVID-19 management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73214,"journal":{"name":"Health sciences review (Oxford, England)","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49811385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How to promote exclusive breastfeeding with antenatal milk expression and implementation science: A mixed methods systematic review","authors":"Lucy H. Ablett ,&nbsp;Heather Hopper ,&nbsp;Stephanie Maslin","doi":"10.1016/j.hsr.2023.100124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hsr.2023.100124","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Only 48 % of infants worldwide achieve the World Health Organization's recommendation of exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life. The leading cause of early breastfeeding cessation is self-reported milk insufficiency. Research into breastfeeding interventions that focus on promoting a person's confidence in their milk supply is therefore recommended.</p></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>This systematic review aimed to explore whether antenatal milk expression could be optimized as a breastfeeding promotion intervention, using implementation science.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The Joanna Briggs Institute convergent segregated approach to mixed methods systematic reviews was used. A meta-aggregation and CERQual assessment of qualitative data was undertaken. Effect estimates of relevant quantitative data were summarized in forest plots. Results were organized into the following five implementation outcomes from an evidence-based framework: acceptability, appropriateness, adoption, feasibility, and fidelity.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Of the 207 studies identified, 22 were included. A significant proportion of people will find the intervention acceptable, but those who do not will require additional ongoing support. Among people with diabetes, antenatal milk expression is associated with greater exclusive breastfeeding rates up to three months postpartum. Qualitative data described how antenatal milk expression may physically and psychologically prepare people for breastfeeding, encourage resilience, reassure individuals of their ability to produce milk and lead to a volume of stored colostrum.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>There is evidence that antenatal milk expression may prevent early breastfeeding cessation among people with diabetes. Further quantitative research is needed to confirm the efficacy of antenatal milk expression for other groups. Optimal implementation requires training for relevant healthcare professionals, alongside education and ongoing support for the pregnant population.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73214,"journal":{"name":"Health sciences review (Oxford, England)","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49811373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exciting growth of health sciences review in 2023","authors":"Sarah Cuschieri ,&nbsp;Burcin Ekser","doi":"10.1016/j.hsr.2023.100125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hsr.2023.100125","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73214,"journal":{"name":"Health sciences review (Oxford, England)","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49811376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community-based interventions to prevent stroke in low and middle-income countries: A systematic review","authors":"Iffat Nowrin ,&nbsp;Jeenat Mehareen ,&nbsp;Dipika Shankar Bhattacharyya ,&nbsp;KM Saif-Ur-Rahman","doi":"10.1016/j.hsr.2023.100123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hsr.2023.100123","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We aimed to identify community-based interventions to prevent stroke in low-and-middle-income countries. A comprehensive search in Medline through PubMed, Web of Science (core collection), and Scopus was conducted in October, 2021 and updated in August, 2023. Studies published only in English between 1st January, 2000 and August 26, 2023 were included in the review. The screening and data extraction were performed by two reviewers independently. Two authors independently evaluated the included papers' Risk of Bias; we utilized the Cochrane ROB (Risk of Bias) tool for randomized controlled trials (RCT) and non-randomized studies were assessed using ROBANS (Risk of Bias Assessment tool for non-randomized studies). Meta-analysis was not conducted due to the heterogeneity of the included studies in terms of methods and outcomes. A narrative synthesis was performed to report the results. This systematic review was registered in PROSPERO (International prospective register of systematic reviews) – CRD 42021283670. A total of six studies were included in the review. Most of the studies highlighted community-based educational intervention to improve knowledge regarding stroke, it's signs, and risk factors. An important component of community-based intervention found in the review was involving community health professionals in educating the local population about health. Educational interventions were found effective in reducing stroke risk factors such as blood pressure, and cholesterol level. To lessen the enormous burden of stroke, effective community-based programs for prevention can be expanded and incorporated into resource-poor health systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73214,"journal":{"name":"Health sciences review (Oxford, England)","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49811379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging the Role of Mercury in Stroke: A Mini Review","authors":"Kamaljeet,&nbsp;Amit Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.hsr.2023.100122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hsr.2023.100122","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The impact of long-term exposure to several heavy metals in the environment on general health is causing growing concern. Mercury in particular falls into this category but other heavy metals are less prevalent. Among all heavy metals, mercury is the most toxic. Oxidative stress and dysfunctional mitochondria are brought on by mercury. This causes the inner mitochondrial membrane to depolarize, auto-oxidize, and undergo severe lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial malfunction. Mercury enhances lipid peroxidation, LDL oxidation, and plasma oxLDL complexes while inhibiting glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase. Chronic mercury exposure (even at very low levels), increases inflammation, oxidative stress, oxidative defense, and nitric oxide bioavailability and stimulates endothelial dysfunction, which increases the risk of CVD and CVA. In the future, more investigations and studies are needed to prevent the patients from mercury toxicity which leads to stroke and other illness.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73214,"journal":{"name":"Health sciences review (Oxford, England)","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49811434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}