Gut microbiome (Cambridge, England)最新文献_第5页

Intake of nanoparticles and impact on gut microbiota: in vitro and animal models available for testing. 纳米颗粒的摄入和对肠道微生物群的影响：可供测试的体外和动物模型

Gut microbiome (Cambridge, England) Pub Date : 2021-12-28 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/gmb.2021.5

Débora Campos, Ricardo Goméz-García, Diana Oliveira, Ana Raquel Madureira

{"title":"Intake of nanoparticles and impact on gut microbiota: in vitro and animal models available for testing.","authors":"Débora Campos, Ricardo Goméz-García, Diana Oliveira, Ana Raquel Madureira","doi":"10.1017/gmb.2021.5","DOIUrl":"10.1017/gmb.2021.5","url":null,"abstract":"The oral delivery of compounds associated with diet or medication have an impact on the gut microbiota balance, which in turn, influences the physiologic process. Several reports have shown significant advances in clarifying the impact, interactions and outcomes of oral intake of nanoparticles and the human gut. These interactions may affect the bioavailability of the delivered compounds. In addition, there is a considerable breakthrough in the development of antimicrobial nanoparticles for intestinal pathogenic bacteria. Several in vitro fermentation and in vivo models have been developed throughout the years and were used to test these systems. The methodologies and studies carried out so far on the modulation of human and animal gut microbiome by oral delivery nanosized materials were reviewed. Overall, the available in vitro studies mimic the real physiological events enabling to select the best production conditions of nanoparticulate systems in a preliminary stage of research. On the other hand, animal studies can be used to access the dosage effect, safety and correlation between haematological, biochemical and symptoms, with gut microbiota groups and metabolites.","PeriodicalId":73187,"journal":{"name":"Gut microbiome (Cambridge, England)","volume":"3 1","pages":"e1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11406378/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47034389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Conference report: the importance of the gut microbiome and nutrition on health. 会议报告：肠道微生物组和营养对健康的重要性

Gut microbiome (Cambridge, England) Pub Date : 2021-12-20 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/gmb.2021.4

Derek Ball, Spiridoula Athanasiadou

引用次数: 0

Dietary fibre and the gut-brain axis: microbiota-dependent and independent mechanisms of action. 膳食纤维与肠脑轴：微生物群依赖和独立的作用机制

Gut microbiome (Cambridge, England) Pub Date : 2021-09-08 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/gmb.2021.3

Danique La Torre, Kristin Verbeke, Boushra Dalile

{"title":"Dietary fibre and the gut-brain axis: microbiota-dependent and independent mechanisms of action.","authors":"Danique La Torre, Kristin Verbeke, Boushra Dalile","doi":"10.1017/gmb.2021.3","DOIUrl":"10.1017/gmb.2021.3","url":null,"abstract":"Dietary fibre is an umbrella term comprising various types of carbohydrate polymers that cannot be digested nor absorbed by the human small intestine. Consumption of dietary fibre is linked to beneficial effects on cognitive and affective processes, although not all fibres produce the same effects. Fibres that increase short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production following modulation of the gut microbiota are thought to be the most potent fibres to induce effects on cognitive and affective processes. SCFAs can exert their effects by improving central, peripheral and systemic immunity, lowering hypertension and enhancing intestinal barrier integrity. Here, we propose additional mechanisms by which dietary fibres may contribute to improvements in affective and cognitive processes. Fibre-induced modulation of the gut microbiota may influence affective processes and cognition by increasing brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels. Depending on the physicochemical properties of dietary fibre, additional effects on affect and cognition may occur via non-microbiota-related routes, such as enhancement of the immune system and lowering cholesterol levels and subsequently lowering blood pressure. Mechanistic randomised placebo-controlled trials are needed to establish the effects of dietary fibre consumption and the magnitude of explained variance in affect and cognition when incorporating measurements of microbiota-dependent and microbiota-independent mechanisms in humans.","PeriodicalId":73187,"journal":{"name":"Gut microbiome (Cambridge, England)","volume":"2 1","pages":"e3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11406392/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45714894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The associations of butyrate-producing bacteria of the gut microbiome with diet quality and muscle health. 肠道微生物群中产生丁酸盐的细菌与饮食质量和肌肉健康的关系

Gut microbiome (Cambridge, England) Pub Date : 2021-08-13 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/gmb.2021.2

Jessica A Davis, Fiona Collier, Mohammadreza Mohebbi, Julie A Pasco, Nitin Shivappa, James R Hébert, Felice N Jacka, Amy Loughman

{"title":"The associations of butyrate-producing bacteria of the gut microbiome with diet quality and muscle health.","authors":"Jessica A Davis, Fiona Collier, Mohammadreza Mohebbi, Julie A Pasco, Nitin Shivappa, James R Hébert, Felice N Jacka, Amy Loughman","doi":"10.1017/gmb.2021.2","DOIUrl":"10.1017/gmb.2021.2","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to investigate the relationships between diet quality, the relative abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria of the gut microbiome and muscle mass, strength and function. In this cross-sectional study, n = 490 men (64.4 ± 13.5 years) from the Geelong Osteoporosis Study provided food frequency questionnaire data, from which the Australian Recommended Food Score (ARFS) and Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) score were calculated. Muscle mass (skeletal muscle index from DXA-derived lean mass), muscle strength (handgrip strength) and muscle function (Timed Up-and-Go test) were measured. Participants provided stool samples for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. There was no evidence of associations between alpha or beta diversity and muscle health measures. A healthier ARFS score was positively associated with the relative abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria (β 0.09, 95%CI 0.03, 0.15) and a higher (pro-inflammatory) DII score was associated with lower relative abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria (β -0.60, 95%CI -1.06, -0.15). The relative abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria was positively associated with healthier muscle mass, strength and function; however, these relationships were attenuated in multivariable models. These findings support the role of diet quality in achieving a healthier gut microbiome, however, further evidence is required for a gut-muscle axis in humans.","PeriodicalId":73187,"journal":{"name":"Gut microbiome (Cambridge, England)","volume":" ","pages":"e2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11406371/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46008115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dietary habits and the gut microbiota in military Veterans: results from the United States-Veteran Microbiome Project (US-VMP). 退伍军人的饮食习惯和肠道微生物群:来自美国退伍军人微生物组计划(US-VMP)的结果

Gut microbiome (Cambridge, England) Pub Date : 2021-04-28 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/gmb.2021.1

Diana P Brostow, Christopher E Stamper, Maggie A Stanislawski, Kelly A Stearns-Yoder, Alexandra Schneider, Teodor T Postolache, Jeri E Forster, Andrew J Hoisington, Christopher A Lowry, Lisa A Brenner

{"title":"Dietary habits and the gut microbiota in military Veterans: results from the United States-Veteran Microbiome Project (US-VMP).","authors":"Diana P Brostow, Christopher E Stamper, Maggie A Stanislawski, Kelly A Stearns-Yoder, Alexandra Schneider, Teodor T Postolache, Jeri E Forster, Andrew J Hoisington, Christopher A Lowry, Lisa A Brenner","doi":"10.1017/gmb.2021.1","DOIUrl":"10.1017/gmb.2021.1","url":null,"abstract":"Dietary patterns influence gut microbiota composition. To date, there has not been an assessment of diet and gut microbiota in Veterans, who have a history of unique environmental exposures, including military deployment, that may influence associations between diet and gut microbiota. Our aim was to characterise Veteran habitual dietary intake and quality, and to evaluate correlations between diet and gut microbiota. We administered Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQs) and collected stool samples from 330 Veterans. FFQ data were used to generate Healthy Eating Indices (HEI) of dietary quality. Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify two dietary patterns we defined as \"Western\" and \"Prudent.\" Stool samples underwent 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and the resulting data were used to evaluate associations with dietary variables/indices. Analyses included linear regression of α-diversity, constrained analysis of principal coordinates of β-diversity, and multivariate association with linear models and Analysis of Composition of Microbiomes analyses of dietary factors and phylum- and genus-level taxa. There were no significant associations between dietary patterns or factors and α- or β-diversity. At the phylum level, increasing HEI scores were inversely associated with relative abundance of Actinobacteria, and added sugar was inversely associated with abundance of Verrucomicrobia. Veterans largely consumed a Western-style diet, characterised by poor adherence to nutritional guidelines.","PeriodicalId":73187,"journal":{"name":"Gut microbiome (Cambridge, England)","volume":" ","pages":"e1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11406408/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45869631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lumen and mucosa-associated Lactobacillus rhamnosus from the intestinal tract of organ donors. 内脏和粘膜相关的鼠李糖乳杆菌来自器官供体肠道

Gut microbiome (Cambridge, England) Pub Date : 2020-11-10 eCollection Date: 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/gmb.2020.4

Alan J Marsh, Al-Mounawara A Yaya, Sandy Ng, Kshipra Chandrashekhar, Jeff Roach, Scott T Magness, M Andrea Azcarate-Peril

{"title":"Lumen and mucosa-associated Lactobacillus rhamnosus from the intestinal tract of organ donors.","authors":"Alan J Marsh, Al-Mounawara A Yaya, Sandy Ng, Kshipra Chandrashekhar, Jeff Roach, Scott T Magness, M Andrea Azcarate-Peril","doi":"10.1017/gmb.2020.4","DOIUrl":"10.1017/gmb.2020.4","url":null,"abstract":"Knowledge of the intra-individual spatial and regional distribution of intestinal microbial populations is essential to understand gut host-microbial interactions. In this study, we performed a compositional analysis of luminal and mucosal samples from the small and large intestine of four organ donors by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and high-throughput quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Since the human microbiota is subject to selection pressure at lower taxonomic levels, we isolated over 400 bacterial strains and investigated strain-level variation of 11 Lactobacillus rhamnosus from different intestinal regions. Results substantiate reported inter-individual variability as well as intra-individual differences along the gastrointestinal tract. Although the luminal and mucosal-associated communities were similar within individuals, relative abundance reflected the donors' demographic and potential pathologies. The total bacterial load of all donors increased from small intestine to colon, while Bifidobacterium was in greater abundance in the small intestine. Comparative genomic analysis of L. rhamnosus showed the strains segregated into two distinct clusters and identified no features specific to location. Analysis revealed genetic differences for exopolysaccharide production, carbohydrate utilization, pilus formation and vitamin K biosynthesis between clusters. This study contributes to the understanding of niche-specific microbial communities, encouraging subsequent studies to better understand microbial signatures at lower taxonomic levels.","PeriodicalId":73187,"journal":{"name":"Gut microbiome (Cambridge, England)","volume":" ","pages":"e4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11406413/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45575209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Editorial. 编辑

Gut microbiome (Cambridge, England) Pub Date : 2020-08-28 eCollection Date: 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/gmb.2020.1

Kristin Verbeke

引用次数: 0

You have the microbiome you deserve. 你有你应得的微生物群

Gut microbiome (Cambridge, England) Pub Date : 2020-08-27 eCollection Date: 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/gmb.2020.3

Colin Hill

{"title":"You have the microbiome you deserve.","authors":"Colin Hill","doi":"10.1017/gmb.2020.3","DOIUrl":"10.1017/gmb.2020.3","url":null,"abstract":"The human microbiome is one of the most exciting areas of microbiology. From a starting point of tens of papers annually a couple of decades ago, there are now thousands of papers published every year on the microbiome. Huge strides have been made in terms of defining the individual members of complex human microbiomes from different body sites. The individuality and diversity of the human microbiome almost surpasses our ability to comprehend it. Advances in metagenomics and computational sciences have increased the complexity of the field, while at the same time we have moved from regarding the human microbiome as a benign passenger to a situation where it has been linked to almost every chronic disease, including obesity, cancer and infectious disease. The microbiome tantalizes us with the promise of novel therapeutic molecules and modalities for a range of intractable diseases. And yet, very few microbiome-based therapies have made it to the clinic or the pharmacy and we still cannot really define a healthy microbiome. We are entering the most exciting phase of microbiome research, as we develop effective, evidence-based interventions to preserve and restore human health. But we need rigour and numeracy if we are to realize this vision.","PeriodicalId":73187,"journal":{"name":"Gut microbiome (Cambridge, England)","volume":"1 1","pages":"e3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11406403/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42707917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The role of probiotics on the roadmap to a healthy microbiota: a symposium report. 益生菌在健康微生物群路线图中的作用：一份研讨会报告

Gut microbiome (Cambridge, England) Pub Date : 2020-08-26 eCollection Date: 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/gmb.2020.2

Stacey Lockyer, Marisol Aguirre, Louise Durrant, Bruno Pot, Kaori Suzuki

{"title":"The role of probiotics on the roadmap to a healthy microbiota: a symposium report.","authors":"Stacey Lockyer, Marisol Aguirre, Louise Durrant, Bruno Pot, Kaori Suzuki","doi":"10.1017/gmb.2020.2","DOIUrl":"10.1017/gmb.2020.2","url":null,"abstract":"The ninth International Yakult Symposium was held in Ghent, Belgium in April 2018. Keynote lectures were from Professor Wijmenga on using biobanks to understand the relationship between the gut microbiota and health; and Professor Hill on phage-probiotic interactions. Session one included talks from Professor Plӧsch on epigenetic programming by nutritional and environmental factors; Professor Wilmes on the use of \"omics\" methodologies in microbiome research and Professor Rescigno on the gut vascular barrier. Session two explored the evidence behind Lactobacillus casei Shirota with Dr Nanno explaining the plasticity in immunomodulation that enables the strain to balance immune functions; Dr Macnaughtan outlining its potential therapeutic use in cirrhosis and Professor Nishida detailing effects in subjects under stress. The third session saw Professor Marchesi describing that both the host genes and the gut microbiota can play a role in cancer; Professor Bergheim highlighting crosstalk between the gut and the liver and Professor Cani describing the relationship between the gut microbiota and the endocrine system. The final session explored probiotic mechanisms, with Professor Lebeer dissecting the challenges in conducting mechanistic studies; Professor Wehkamp describing the mucosal defence system and Professor Van de Wiele detailing methods for modelling the gut microbiota in vitro.","PeriodicalId":73187,"journal":{"name":"Gut microbiome (Cambridge, England)","volume":" ","pages":"e2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11406418/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47700431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0