Gastro hep advances最新文献

{"title":"Extramedullary Involvement of Myelofibrosis in the Colon: A Case Report","authors":"Krystal Mills ,&nbsp;Naseema Gangat ,&nbsp;Victor Chedid","doi":"10.1016/j.gastha.2024.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gastha.2024.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Colitis refers to a range of inflammatory conditions of the colon and each condition requires a distinct diagnostic and therapeutic approach. Common differentials include inflammatory bowel disease, ischemic colitis, and infections. Endoscopic evaluation is often a critical adjunct in determining the underlying cause of colitis and concomitant biopsies further improve diagnostic accuracy. Work up of this clinical case revealed the diagnosis of extramedullary hematopoiesis presenting as colonic ulcers in a patient with myelofibrosis, which has not yet been described in the existing literature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73130,"journal":{"name":"Gastro hep advances","volume":"4 3","pages":"Article 100587"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143167815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Program Offering CT Colonography for Colorectal Cancer Screening Avoided Colonoscopy and Sedation Risks in Heart Transplant Candidates and Expedited Screening: A Retrospective Observational Study","authors":"Diane R.M. Somlo ,&nbsp;Reece J. Goiffon ,&nbsp;James M. Richter ,&nbsp;Asishana A. Osho ,&nbsp;Cordula Magee ,&nbsp;Sonali Palchaudhuri","doi":"10.1016/j.gastha.2024.10.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gastha.2024.10.014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73130,"journal":{"name":"Gastro hep advances","volume":"4 3","pages":"Article 100574"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143167835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medicaid and Medicare Utilization of Direct-Acting Antiviral Medications for Patients With Hepatitis C","authors":"Xiaohan Ying ,&nbsp;Alexander Zhao ,&nbsp;Nicole Ng ,&nbsp;Russell Rosenblatt ,&nbsp;Catherine Lucero ,&nbsp;Arun B. Jesudian","doi":"10.1016/j.gastha.2024.10.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gastha.2024.10.024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73130,"journal":{"name":"Gastro hep advances","volume":"4 3","pages":"Article 100584"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143139832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gastric Acid Suppression Is Associated With Higher Rates of Colectomy in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease","authors":"Aun R. Shah ,&nbsp;Nurlan Aliyev ,&nbsp;Zarak H. Khan ,&nbsp;Rubab Ali ,&nbsp;Mohammad Bilal","doi":"10.1016/j.gastha.2024.09.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gastha.2024.09.008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73130,"journal":{"name":"Gastro hep advances","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100553"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11762160/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143049019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Activation of VEGFR3 and MLC2 are Critical for GLP-2 Enhancement of Chylomicron Transport","authors":"Lili Tian ,&nbsp;Majid Mufaqam Syed-Abdul ,&nbsp;Gary F. Lewis","doi":"10.1016/j.gastha.2024.100605","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gastha.2024.100605","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Aims</h3><div>A significant proportion of absorbed dietary triglycerides (TGs) remain in various intracellular and extracellular intestinal compartments for many hours after fat ingestion, including in the lymphatic circulation. TGs retained in the intestine or lymphatics can be mobilized by the gut peptide glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) and other stimuli. Our previous published data demonstrated that GLP-2 enhances lymph flow by acting distal to the enterocyte, specifically by enhancing lacteal contractility, in an enteric nervous system–dependent fashion. The objective of the present study was to further explore various intermediates in the signaling pathway whereby GLP-2 enhances mesenteric lymph flow. In this study we focused on the roles of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR3) and myosin light chain 2 (MLC2), known to play important roles in lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic contractility, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A rat lymph fistula model was utilized in this study. An intraduodenal lipid bolus was applied to the rats 5 hours before the following intraperitoneal (i.p.) administrations: 1) saline (placebo), 2) GLP-2, 3) GLP-2 + MAZ-51 (a VEGFR3 inhibitor), 4) GLP-2 + SAR131675 (a second VEGFR3 inhibitor), 5) GLP-2 + ML-7 (a MLCK inhibitor). Lymph flow and TG output were assessed for 60 minutes after the i.p. administrations. In another set of animals, post-i.p. administration, tissue samples were collected to quantify VEGFR3 and MLC2 activation (via phosphorylation).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We showed that GLP-2 treatment acutely activated VEGFR3 and MLC2, and that inhibition of VEGFR3 (via MAZ-51/SAR131675) and MLC2 (via ML-7) abolished GLP-2-induced lymph flow and TG output. Furthermore, VEGFR3 inhibition blocked MLC2 activation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our data suggest that the activation of VEGFR3 and MLC2 play critical roles in GLP-2’s enhancement of chylomicron secretion and that VEGFR3 activation is an important intermediary step in GLP-2’s activation of MLC2.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73130,"journal":{"name":"Gastro hep advances","volume":"4 4","pages":"Article 100605"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143777457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Vitro Acid Resistance of Pathogenic Candida Species in Simulated Gastric Fluid","authors":"Eri Ikeda ,&nbsp;Masaya Yamaguchi ,&nbsp;Masayuki Ono ,&nbsp;Shigetada Kawabata","doi":"10.1016/j.gastha.2024.100591","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gastha.2024.100591","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Aims</h3><div>Although species in the fungal genus <em>Candida</em> are often commensal residents of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, they can also cause high-mortality systemic candidiasis. Most pathogenic <em>Candida</em> species are dimorphic fungi that exist predominantly in filamentous forms in the invading tissues. <em>Candida albicans</em> is the most prominent pathogen among <em>Candida</em> species, but nonalbicans <em>Candida</em> species have also emerged as important pathogens. The stomach is the most acidic niche in the GI tract and is maintained at pH 1–2 in healthy individuals. The aim of the present study was to determine whether <em>Candida</em> species can survive in gastric fluid and to observe their morphology under varied pH conditions.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We investigated the in vitro survival of the pathogenic <em>Candida</em> species <em>C. albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis,</em> and <em>Candida tropicalis</em> in simulated gastric fluid.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We first described that a portion of the 4 <em>Candida</em> species can survive under highly acidic conditions. Moreover, dimorphic <em>Candida</em> species, namely, <em>C. albicans, C. parapsilosis,</em> and <em>C. tropicalis,</em> exhibited yeast–hyphal transition in simulated gastric fluid with elevated pH. Pathogenic filamentous cells had lower acid resistance than yeast cells.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings may illuminate the migration to the lower GI tract by commensal fungi of the oral cavity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73130,"journal":{"name":"Gastro hep advances","volume":"4 4","pages":"Article 100591"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143237193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology and Treatment Patterns of Fistulizing Crohn’s Disease in a Large, Real-World Australasian Cohort","authors":"Jack McNamara ,&nbsp;William Wilson ,&nbsp;Joseph L. Pipicella ,&nbsp;Simon Ghaly ,&nbsp;Jakob Begun ,&nbsp;Ian C. Lawrance ,&nbsp;Richard Gearry ,&nbsp;Jane M. Andrews ,&nbsp;Susan J. Connor","doi":"10.1016/j.gastha.2024.100594","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gastha.2024.100594","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Aims</h3><div>Fistulizing Crohn’s Disease (fCD) affects up to 50% of people with Crohn’s Disease over their lifetime. Despite this high prevalence, the burden of disease, treatment and natural history in the current biologic era are poorly described. This study explores demographic, disease and treatment factors in a real-world Australasian cohort.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A large real-world cohort of people with inflammatory bowel disease under routine care was interrogated in August 2023. Current fCD was defined as fistula(e) on most recent clinical, radiologic or endoscopic investigation; prior fCD was defined as the resolution of fistula(e) on most recent documentation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 3075 people with Crohn’s Disease, 7.4% had current and 10.1% prior fCD (n = 224 &amp; 311). Most patients were in Australia (77%), where 19.3% had current or previous fCD compared to 11% in New Zealand (<em>P</em> &lt; .001). Patients with current or previous fCD were younger compared to those without (<em>P</em> = .003 &amp; <em>P</em> &lt; .001). Males were more commonly affected (<em>P</em> = .021). Current or prior fCD were more likely to be on biologic therapy (<em>P</em> &lt; .001), with anti-tumor necrosis factor agents most frequently utilized. Conversely, those without fCD were more likely on Ustekinumab or Vedolizumab compared to current and prior fCD groups. People with fistulizing disease had higher hospitalization rates, while the prior fCD cohort had longer hospital admissions and more frequently required surgical intervention.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>People with fCD used more health-care resources, making this an important area for further research into care gaps to improve outcomes and optimal treatment approaches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73130,"journal":{"name":"Gastro hep advances","volume":"4 4","pages":"Article 100594"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143237533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Efficacy of NAFLD Therapies and Biomarker Associations: A Meta-Analysis Based on Liver Fat Content","authors":"Haoxiang Zhu ,&nbsp;Ling Xu ,&nbsp;Yinhua Lv ,&nbsp;Juan Yang ,&nbsp;Jihan Huang ,&nbsp;Qingshan Zheng ,&nbsp;Guang Ji ,&nbsp;Lujin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.gastha.2024.100593","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gastha.2024.100593","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Aims</h3><div>This study aims to conduct a comprehensive quantitative analysis of various nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) therapeutics, utilizing magnetic resonance (MR)-detected liver fat content (LFC) as the efficacy endpoint, and to identify biomarkers correlated with changes in LFC based on published literature.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We performed a systematic search of public databases for placebo-controlled randomized trials on NAFLD up to September 29, 2023. A random-effects meta-analysis was employed to assess efficacy differences between drugs with various mechanisms and placebo. Initial Pearson correlation analysis explored the relationships between biomarkers and LFC. For biomarkers showing significant correlations with LFC, further modeling analysis was conducted to examine their relationship characteristics.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our analysis included 36 studies with 3222 subjects and 33 investigational drugs, which were categorized into 6 mechanistic groups. Drugs such as fibroblast growth factor agonists, and those targeting adipocytes, inflammation, or fibrosis, showed greater efficacy in reducing LFC compared to Resmetirom, which has an efficacy of reducing LFC by 5.2%. From the 121 biomarkers analyzed, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase demonstrated moderate correlations with LFC; specifically, changes of −5.9 U/L in alanine aminotransferase or −3.3 U/L in aspartate aminotransferase were associated with an additional 1% reduction in LFC.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The results of this study provide valuable insights for the clinical development of future NAFLD therapeutics, highlighting the efficacy of specific drug mechanisms and the potential of certain biomarkers as surrogate endpoints.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73130,"journal":{"name":"Gastro hep advances","volume":"4 4","pages":"Article 100593"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143377538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dupilumab Improves Histopathologic Features in Patients With Eosinophilic Esophagitis: LIBERTY EoE TREET Study Results","authors":"Margaret H. Collins ,&nbsp;Marc E. Rothenberg ,&nbsp;Evan S. Dellon ,&nbsp;Albert J. Bredenoord ,&nbsp;Ikuo Hirano ,&nbsp;John Leung ,&nbsp;Xian Sun ,&nbsp;Lila Glotfelty ,&nbsp;Arsalan Shabbir","doi":"10.1016/j.gastha.2025.100646","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gastha.2025.100646","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Aims</h3><div>This post hoc analysis assessed the effect of dupilumab on the individual components of the Eosinophilic Esophagitis Histology Scoring System (EoEHSS) and the relationship between histopathologic and endoscopic measures in the LIBERTY eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) TREET population.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The analysis included patients who received dupilumab 300 mg weekly (qw) or placebo for 24 weeks (Parts A and B). Eligible patients who completed Parts A or B entered Part C and received dupilumab 300 mg qw for 28 weeks (week 52). Changes from baseline to week 24 and week 52 in the EoEHSS grade/stage components were assessed. Associations between histopathologic, symptomatic, and endoscopic features were evaluated using Spearman correlation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>At week 24, dupilumab improved most EoEHSS grade/stage component scores vs placebo. These improvements were sustained at week 52 in patients continuously on dupilumab; patients who switched from placebo to dupilumab at week 24 improved EoEHSS grade/stage component scores at week 52 to levels similar to those observed in patients continuously on dupilumab. Dupilumab also increased the proportion of patients in remission at week 24 vs placebo, with further increases at week 52, as assessed by the EoE histology remission score. EoEHSS grade and stage total scores correlated strongly with peak eosinophil count (PEC), moderately to strongly with Endoscopic Reference Score, and weakly with Dysphagia Symptom Questionnaire score. Several EoEHSS grade/stage component scores correlated strongly with PEC but not with Dysphagia Symptom Questionnaire scores.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Dupilumab 300 mg qw improved histopathologic measures of EoE beyond PEC at week 24, with improvements sustained to week 52 (<span><span>Video 1</span></span>).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73130,"journal":{"name":"Gastro hep advances","volume":"4 6","pages":"Article 100646"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unexpected Liver Hematoma After Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Duodenal Adenoma","authors":"Sachiyo Onishi,&nbsp;Masaya Kubota,&nbsp;Masahito Shimizu","doi":"10.1016/j.gastha.2025.100671","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gastha.2025.100671","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73130,"journal":{"name":"Gastro hep advances","volume":"4 7","pages":"Article 100671"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143948832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}