Gastro hep advances最新文献

{"title":"Cover: Metabolomic Signatures Highlight Fiber-Degrading Bacteroides Species in Mediterranean Diet Response Among UC","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.gastha.2025.100675","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gastha.2025.100675","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73130,"journal":{"name":"Gastro hep advances","volume":"4 4","pages":"Article 100675"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143888117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing Understanding of Anorectal Malformations Through Microfocus Computed Tomography Imaging of Resected Material","authors":"Daniël Docter ,&nbsp;Bernadette S. de Bakker ,&nbsp;Jaco Hagoort ,&nbsp;Joris J.T.H. Roelofs ,&nbsp;Sjoerd de Beer ,&nbsp;Ernst van Heurn ,&nbsp;Joep Derikx ,&nbsp;Marc A. Benninga ,&nbsp;Justin de Jong ,&nbsp;Ramon R. Gorter","doi":"10.1016/j.gastha.2025.100633","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gastha.2025.100633","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Aims</h3><div>Patients born with anorectal malformations (ARMs) might experience constipation and fecal incontinence. During ARM surgery (anterior and posterior sagittal anorectoplasty procedure), the distal part of the bowel (fistula) is usually resected. Microfocus computed tomography (micro-CT) imaging, capable of imaging samples in ultra-high 3-dimensional resolution, can be used to learn from this resected material. Through this technique, we aim to investigate whether or not structures, such as the internal anal sphincter (IAS), are present within this fistula.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Pediatric patients undergoing surgical reconstruction for ARM were eligible for inclusion. Resected fistulas were fixed using 4% paraformaldehyde and stained with 3.75% B-Lugol for 48 hours to improve soft tissue contrast. Scans were performed on a Phoenix Nanotom micro-CT with a voxel size between 4–6 μm. Samples were destained for subsequent histopathological examination. Outcomes were presence of structures like the IAS, epithelial transition zone and ganglia. ARM fistulas were compared with a fetal anal canal sample derived from the Dutch Fetal Biobank.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Eleven ARM fistulas were analyzed. All samples showed evidence of normal development of the rectal wall. Columnar epithelium and stratified squamous epithelium were observed. Muscle fibers were present, arranged in circular pattern that expanded toward the distal end, becoming the intrinsic sphincter (IAS). Ganglia were present with normal appearance.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>We present micro-CT imaging to research resected material to provide new insights in microscale anatomy. The fistula, currently resected during surgical reconstruction for ARM, contains vital structures like the IAS, normal epithelial transition zone and normal ganglion cells. Although clinical functionality should be studied in the future, our results indicate that the fistula has a normal anal canal morphology and should be spared during ARM reconstruction if possible.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73130,"journal":{"name":"Gastro hep advances","volume":"4 5","pages":"Article 100633"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143923328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Use, Training & Barriers to Point-of-Care Ultrasound Use in Gastroenterology: National Survey of Veterans Affairs Medical Centers","authors":"Keerthi Thallapureddy ,&nbsp;Nagasri Shankar ,&nbsp;Khyathi Thallapureddy ,&nbsp;Elizabeth Coss ,&nbsp;Robert Nathanson ,&nbsp;Nilam J. Soni","doi":"10.1016/j.gastha.2025.100658","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gastha.2025.100658","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73130,"journal":{"name":"Gastro hep advances","volume":"4 7","pages":"Article 100658"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143934923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guts for Self-Eating: Role of Autophagy in Gastrointestinal Health and Disease","authors":"Prashant Nighot,&nbsp;Jonathan Stine,&nbsp;Kofi Clarke","doi":"10.1016/j.gastha.2025.100654","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gastha.2025.100654","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Autophagy, a highly conserved cellular degradation pathway promotes cell survival via lysosomal degradation of aberrant cellular proteins and recycling of the nutrients. A variety of human diseases are now linked to defective autophagy and there is ever-growing interest in the application of autophagy in healthy living as well as disease prevention and therapies. Autophagy plays very important and complex functions in the gastrointestinal tract which are an intense focus of the current research efforts. Autophagy maintains cellular homeostasis mainly through proteostasis, lipid regulation, mitigation of damaged mitochondria, removal of intracellular infectious agents and foreign material, and reduction in reactive oxygen species and inflammasome. Recent studies show that although autophagy is mostly beneficial, it can induce damaging effects depending upon the cellular contexts such as homeostatic or inflammatory conditions. We summarize that this double-edge effect of autophagy is associated with cell-specific and cell-autonomous functions of autophagy, noncanonical autophagic effects, and autophagy-independent functions of autophagy-related proteins. We review opposing effects of autophagy pathway and its differential cellular functions specifically relevant to gastrointestinal homeostasis. We highlight the impacts of autophagy-related genetic defects in inflammatory bowel disease and the evolving role of autophagy in gastrointestinal and liver diseases including fibrosis and neoplastic processes. We also provide a contemporary perspective on the clinical studies related to autophagy and highlight the context-specific outcomes of autophagy and their relevance. The growing knowledge of the diverse autophagy regulatory mechanisms will provide further insights into how this life-friendly, self-cleansing cellular process can be harnessed for therapeutic advantages in gastrointestinal and liver diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73130,"journal":{"name":"Gastro hep advances","volume":"4 6","pages":"Article 100654"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143936781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altered Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 Signaling Causes Age-Dependent Decline in Gut Motility Independent of Muscularis Macrophages","authors":"Estelle Spear Bishop ,&nbsp;Logan Morley ,&nbsp;Mathangi Janakiraman ,&nbsp;Anya Vikram ,&nbsp;Hong Namkoong ,&nbsp;Laren Becker","doi":"10.1016/j.gastha.2025.100673","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gastha.2025.100673","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73130,"journal":{"name":"Gastro hep advances","volume":"4 7","pages":"Article 100673"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144138765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatocellular Carcinoma Among Patients With Metabolic Dysfunction Associated Steatotic Liver Disease","authors":"Obaid S. Shaikh ,&nbsp;Peng Yan ,&nbsp;Adeel A. Butt","doi":"10.1016/j.gastha.2025.100689","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gastha.2025.100689","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Aims</h3><div>Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has emerged as the leading cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We decided to determine factors associated with cirrhosis and HCC among patients with MASLD in order to help develop a better HCC surveillance strategy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We retrieved Veterans Affairs data and identified patients with MASLD. Each patient with cirrhosis was propensity-matched to 3 patients without cirrhosis for age, sex, and race. The 2 groups were compared for demographics, clinical features, and comorbidities, and the incidence and factors associated with cirrhosis and HCC were determined.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 118,754 veterans noted to have MASLD, 74,475 were excluded. In the residual cohort of 44,279, 4844 patients had cirrhosis who were matched to 14,502 patients without cirrhosis. The median age was 61 years, 94% were men, and 62% were White. Patients with cirrhosis had higher body mass index, 45% had diabetes, and the majority had dyslipidemia and hypertension. The incidence rate of HCC in patients with cirrhosis was 9.9 per 1000 person-years, and among noncirrhotic patients, it was 0.3 per 1000 person-years. In the study cohort, age, male sex, and cirrhosis increased the likelihood of HCC, whereas Black race and pulmonary disease reduced the risk. Patients with cirrhosis had similar findings, whereas among those without cirrhosis, chronic kidney disease was associated with increased risk.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Among patients with MASLD, advancing age, male sex, and cirrhosis were the dominant risk factors for HCC development. Similar associations were noted in patients with cirrhosis, whereas among those without cirrhosis, chronic kidney disease increased the likelihood of HCC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73130,"journal":{"name":"Gastro hep advances","volume":"4 8","pages":"Article 100689"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automating Endoscopic Scoring Through Artificial Intelligence","authors":"Nicholas Denson ,&nbsp;James Reigle ,&nbsp;Julia Smith ,&nbsp;David H. Bruining ,&nbsp;Yizhao Ni ,&nbsp;Jasbir Dhaliwal","doi":"10.1016/j.gastha.2025.100674","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gastha.2025.100674","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73130,"journal":{"name":"Gastro hep advances","volume":"4 7","pages":"Article 100674"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144184564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex Differences in Colonic Inflammation are Driven by Epithelial-Specific Expression of Estrogen Receptor Alpha","authors":"Guillermo A. Pereda ,&nbsp;Adrian D. Kocinski ,&nbsp;Alyssia V. Broncano ,&nbsp;Sarah K. McNeer ,&nbsp;Michelle L. Raymond ,&nbsp;Nicholas P. Ziats ,&nbsp;Keith A. Breau ,&nbsp;Joseph Burclaff ,&nbsp;Scott T. Magness ,&nbsp;Wendy A. Goodman","doi":"10.1016/j.gastha.2025.100624","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gastha.2025.100624","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Aims</h3><div>Inflammatory bowel disease patients exhibit altered expression of nuclear estrogen receptors alpha and beta (ERα and ERβ) and G-protein coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1). We previously showed that deletion of ERα protects against intestinal damage selectively in female mice; however, the mechanisms conferring sex-specific protection are poorly understood. The goal of this study was to compare ERα- and ERβ-specific mechanisms contributing to intestinal epithelial function in males and females.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Expression of ERα, ERβ, and GPER1 was evaluated in colonocytes from wild-type male and female mice. Intestinal epithelial cell (IEC)-specific ERα and ERβ knockout mice were developed and challenged with dextran sulfate sodium. Colonic organoids were used to identify estrogen-dependent and estrogen-independent effects on cellular growth, differentiation, and transcriptional regulation in wild-type, ERα-KO, and ERβ-KO IECs.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Colonic IECs showed significant expression of ERα, ERβ, and GPER1 as well as Cyp19A1, which catalyzes production of 17β-estradiol (estrogen). Female mice lacking ERα specifically in colonic IECs showed protection from dextran sulfate sodium–induced injury, whereas males showed increased pathology. Organoids derived from male ERα-KO mice showed enhanced proliferation and decreased expression of key functional genes even without exogenous estrogen; however, colonoids derived from female ERα-KO mice showed a protective gene signature. These findings reveal that deletion of ERα contributes to differential effects in male and female IECs, contributing to females’ resistance to intestinal injury and inflammation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>ERα signaling within IECs drives opposing sex-dependent effects on the development, regenerative capacity, and inflammatory susceptibility of the intestinal epithelium.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73130,"journal":{"name":"Gastro hep advances","volume":"4 5","pages":"Article 100624"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143843594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cover: Adenosine Receptor 3 in Liver Cancer","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2772-5723(25)00037-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2772-5723(25)00037-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73130,"journal":{"name":"Gastro hep advances","volume":"4 3","pages":"Article 100650"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iodine-131 Combined With Plasma Exchange Treatment in Graves’ Hyperthyroidism Patients With Severe Liver Injury Whose Average Model for End-Stage Liver Disease Scores >20","authors":"Xin-Fang Zhu ,&nbsp;Rong-Rong Ding ,&nbsp;Bing-Yao Wang ,&nbsp;Yun-hui Yang ,&nbsp;Fu-Xia Ta ,&nbsp;Yuan Wang ,&nbsp;Qing-Mei Gao ,&nbsp;Qi Zhang ,&nbsp;Rong Xia ,&nbsp;Xing-Guang Luo ,&nbsp;Xuan Wang ,&nbsp;Jian-Ming Zheng ,&nbsp;Hui-Qing Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.gastha.2024.100600","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gastha.2024.100600","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Aims</h3><div>The purpose of this retrospective study is to describe the Graves’ hyperthyroidism patients with severe liver injury treated by iodine-131 combined with plasma exchange (PE).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The patients who had hyperthyroidism caused by Graves’ disease, with severe liver injury (The level of total bilirubin ≥12 mg/dL), and after 1 week of liver protective medication treatment, the patient’s liver function did not improve, were enrolled in this study. All patients were treated with iodine-131 and PE. The patients’ laboratory data after 3 months of isotope therapy were collected.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In this study, there were 8 patients included, the average model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) scores were greater than 20 (ranges from 19 to 30) at baseline. The levels of hemoglobin, platelet count, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, glutamyl transpeptidase, MELD scores, free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, antithyroid peroxidase autoantibody and serum thyrotropin receptor antibodies after PE treatment were significantly lower than before PE treatment (<em>P</em> &lt; .05). The level of total bilirubin at 3 months post-131I treatment was significantly lower than pre-131I treatment (<em>P</em> = .0200), the same was the level of direct bilirubin (<em>P</em> = .0200).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our study enrolled Graves’ hyperthyroidism patients with severe liver injury whose average MELD scores were greater than 20, and shows that liver function test can recover on about 3 months treated iodine-131 combined with PE therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73130,"journal":{"name":"Gastro hep advances","volume":"4 4","pages":"Article 100600"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143237534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}