Fungal systematics and evolution最新文献

{"title":"<i>Dendrodacrys</i>: a new genus for species with branched hyphidia in <i>Dacrymyces</i> <i>s.l</i>., with the description of four new species.","authors":"J C Zamora,&nbsp;A Savchenko,&nbsp;Á González-Cruz,&nbsp;F Prieto-García,&nbsp;I Olariaga,&nbsp;S Ekman","doi":"10.3114/fuse.2022.09.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3114/fuse.2022.09.04","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A new genus named <i>Dendrodacrys</i> is proposed for a monophyletic group in <i>Dacrymycetaceae</i>, containing species with pulvinate to depressed basidiocarps, distinctly branched hymenial hyphidia, and up to 3-septate mature basidiospores. Four taxa in this group, occurring in Europe, are proposed as new species, <i>viz</i>. <i>De. ciprense</i>, <i>De. concrescens</i>, <i>De. ellipsosporum</i>, and <i>De. oblongisporum</i>, based both on morphological and DNA data (nrDNA, <i>RPB1</i>, <i>RPB2</i>, <i>TEF-1α</i>, 12S). These new species are all described in detail, illustrated, and compared with other published taxa that with which they can be confounded. The new combination <i>De. paraphysatum</i> is proposed after revising the type material of <i>Dacrymyces paraphysatus</i>, but other combinations or potentially new non-European species descriptions are postponed pending further studies of additional specimens. <b>Citation:</b> Zamora JC, Savchenko A, González-Cruz Á, Prieto-García F, Olariaga I, Ekman S (2022). <i>Dendrodacrys</i>: a new genus for species with branched hyphidia in <i>Dacrymyces s.l.</i>, with the description of four new species. <i>Fungal Systematics and Evolution</i> <b>9</b>: 27-42. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2022.09.04.</p>","PeriodicalId":73121,"journal":{"name":"Fungal systematics and evolution","volume":" ","pages":"27-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/fc/31/fuse-2022-9-4.PMC9355100.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40621655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Fusarium</i> and allied fusarioid taxa (FUSA). 1.","authors":"P W Crous, M Sandoval-Denis, M M Costa, J Z Groenewald, A L van Iperen, M Starink-Willemse, M Hernández-Restrepo, H Kandemir, B Ulaszewski, W de Boer, A M Abdel-Azeem, J Abdollahzadeh, A Akulov, M Bakhshi, J D P Bezerra, C S Bhunjun, M P S Câmara, P Chaverri, W A S Vieira, C A Decock, E Gaya, J Gené, J Guarro, D Gramaje, M Grube, V K Gupta, V Guarnaccia, R Hill, Y Hirooka, K D Hyde, R S Jayawardena, R Jeewon, Ž Jurjević, L Korsten, S C Lamprecht, L Lombard, S S N Maharachchikumbura, G Polizzi, K C Rajeshkumar, C Salgado-Salazar, Q-J Shang, R G Shivas, R C Summerbell, G Y Sun, W J Swart, Y P Tan, A Vizzini, J W Xia, R Zare, C D González, T Iturriaga, O Savary, M Coton, E Coton, J-L Jany, C Liu, Z-Q Zeng, W-Y Zhuang, Z-H Yu, M Thines","doi":"10.3114/fuse.2022.09.08","DOIUrl":"10.3114/fuse.2022.09.08","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Seven <i>Fusarium</i> species complexes are treated, namely <i>F. aywerte</i> species complex (FASC) (two species), <i>F. buharicum</i> species complex (FBSC) (five species), <i>F. burgessii</i> species complex (FBURSC) (three species), <i>F. camptoceras</i> species complex (FCAMSC) (three species), <i>F. chlamydosporum</i> species complex (FCSC) (eight species), <i>F. citricola</i> species complex (FCCSC) (five species) and the <i>F. concolor</i> species complex (FCOSC) (four species). New species include <i>Fusicolla elongata</i> from soil (Zimbabwe), and <i>Neocosmospora geoasparagicola</i> from soil associated with <i>Asparagus officinalis</i> (Netherlands). New combinations include <i>Neocosmospora akasia, N. awan, N. drepaniformis, N. duplosperma, N. geoasparagicola, N. mekan, N. papillata, N. variasi</i> and <i>N. warna.</i> Newly validated taxa include <i>Longinectria gen. nov.</i>, <i>L. lagenoides</i>, <i>L. verticilliforme</i>, <i>Fusicolla gigas</i> and <i>Fusicolla guangxiensis</i>. Furthermore, <i>Fusarium rosicola</i> is reduced to synonymy under <i>N. brevis.</i> Finally, the genome assemblies of <i>Fusarium secorum</i> (CBS 175.32)<i>, Microcera coccophila</i> (CBS 310.34), <i>Rectifusarium robinianum</i> (CBS 430.91), <i>Rugonectria rugulosa</i> (CBS 126565), and <i>Thelonectria blattea</i> (CBS 952.68) are also announced here. <b>Citation:</b> Crous PW, Sandoval-Denis M, Costa MM, Groenewald JZ, van Iperen AL, Starink-Willemse M, Hernández-Restrepo M, Kandemir H, Ulaszewski B, de Boer W, Abdel-Azeem AM, Abdollahzadeh J, Akulov A, Bakhshi M, Bezerra JDP, Bhunjun CS, Câmara MPS, Chaverri P, Vieira WAS, Decock CA, Gaya E, Gené J, Guarro J, Gramaje D, Grube M, Gupta VK, Guarnaccia V, Hill R, Hirooka Y, Hyde KD, Jayawardena RS, Jeewon R, Jurjević Ž, Korsten L, Lamprecht SC, Lombard L, Maharachchikumbura SSN, Polizzi G, Rajeshkumar KC, Salgado-Salazar C, Shang Q-J, Shivas RG, Summerbell RC, Sun GY, Swart WJ, Tan YP, Vizzini A, Xia JW, Zare R, González CD, Iturriaga T, Savary O, Coton M, Coton E, Jany J-L, Liu C, Zeng Z-Q, Zhuang W-Y, Yu Z-H, Thines M (2022). <i>Fusarium</i> and allied fusarioid taxa (FUSA). 1. <i>Fungal Systematics and Evolution</i> <b>9</b>: 161-200. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2022.09.08.</p>","PeriodicalId":73121,"journal":{"name":"Fungal systematics and evolution","volume":"9 ","pages":"161-200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/0b/f4/fuse-2022-9-8.PMC9355104.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9111167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Neohygrocybe pseudoingrata,</i> a new grassland species from Slovakia and the Czech Republic.","authors":"F Fuljer, M Zajac, D Boertmann, D Szabóová, I Kautmanová","doi":"10.3114/fuse.2022.09.02","DOIUrl":"10.3114/fuse.2022.09.02","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Neohygrocybe pseudoingrata</i>, a new waxcap species known from Slovakia and the Czech Republic, is characterised by its pale greyish coloured and often robust basidiomata (or sporocarps), nitrous smell, context without colour changes, hollow, contorted and compressed stipe and smooth or slightly fibrillose pileus surface. Based on morphology and DNA analysis of ITS and LSU sequences of the collected specimens, <i>N. pseudoingrata</i> belongs to <i>Neohygrocybe</i> sect. <i>Neohygrocybe</i> together with <i>N. ovina, N. nitrata</i> and <i>N. ingrata</i>. Collections of <i>N. pseudoingrata</i> form a well-supported clade in phylogenetic trees. <b>Citation:</b> Fuljer F, Zajac M, Boertmann D, Szabóová D, Kautmanová I (2022). <i>Neohygrocybe pseudoingrata</i>, a new grassland species from Slovakia and the Czech Republic. <i>Fungal Systematics and Evolution</i> <b>9</b>: 11-17. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2022.09.02.</p>","PeriodicalId":73121,"journal":{"name":"Fungal systematics and evolution","volume":" ","pages":"11-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/53/86/fuse-2022-9-2.PMC9355102.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40621654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mammalian mycophagy: A global review of ecosystem interactions between mammals and fungi.","authors":"T F Elliott, C Truong, S M Jackson, C L Zúñiga, J M Trappe, K Vernes","doi":"10.3114/fuse.2022.09.07","DOIUrl":"10.3114/fuse.2022.09.07","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The consumption of fungi by animals is a significant trophic interaction in most terrestrial ecosystems, yet the role mammals play in these associations has been incompletely studied. In this review, we compile 1 154 references published over the last 146 years and provide the first comprehensive global review of mammal species known to eat fungi (508 species in 15 orders). We review experimental studies that found viable fungal inoculum in the scats of at least 40 mammal species, including spores from at least 58 mycorrhizal fungal species that remained viable after ingestion by mammals. We provide a summary of mammal behaviours relating to the consumption of fungi, the nutritional importance of fungi for mammals, and the role of mammals in fungal spore dispersal. We also provide evidence to suggest that the morphological evolution of sequestrate fungal sporocarps (fruiting bodies) has likely been driven in part by the dispersal advantages provided by mammals. Finally, we demonstrate how these interconnected associations are widespread globally and have far-reaching ecological implications for mammals, fungi and associated plants in most terrestrial ecosystems. <b>Citation:</b> Elliott TF, Truong C, Jackson S, Zúñiga CL, Trappe JM, Vernes K (2022). Mammalian mycophagy: a global review of ecosystem interactions between mammals and fungi. <i>Fungal Systematics and Evolution</i> <b>9</b>: 99-159. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2022.09.07.</p>","PeriodicalId":73121,"journal":{"name":"Fungal systematics and evolution","volume":" ","pages":"99-159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/28/f2/fuse-2022-9-7.PMC9402283.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33449004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peronosporaceae species causing downy mildew diseases of Poaceae, including nomenclature revisions and diagnostic resources - Supp files","authors":"J. Crouch","doi":"10.3114/fuse.2022.09.05_supp","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3114/fuse.2022.09.05_supp","url":null,"abstract":"Fig. S1. Eraphthora butleri lectotype BPI 187075.Fig. S2. Graminivora graminicola lectotype BPI 786232.Fig. S3. Peronosclerospora maydis isotype BPI 789413.Fig. S4. Peronosclerospora miscanthi neotype BPI 187301.Fig. S5. Peronosclerospora noblei lectotype BPI 187306.Fig. S6. Peronosclerospora philippinensis lectotype BPI 18731.Fig. S7. Peronosclerospora philippinensis isotype BPI 187044. Fig. S8. Peronosclerospora philippinensis isotype BPI 187311. Fig. S9. Peronosclerospora philippinensis isotype BPI 187313. Fig. S10. Peronosclerospora sacchari lectotype BPI 187331.Fig. S11. Peronosclerospora sorghi lectotype BPI 187336.Fig. S12. Peronosclerospora spontanea lectotype BPI 187043Fig. S13. Peronosclerospora spontanea isotype BPI 187073.Fig. S14. Peronosclerospora spontanea BPI 187342.Fig. S15. Sclerophthora cryophila holotype DAOM 20643.Fig. S16. Sclerophthora macrospora neotype BPI 187265.Fig. S17. Sclerophthora macrospora isotype BPI 187266.Fig. S18. Sclerospora farlowii lectotype BPI 187077. Fig. S19. Sclerospora farlowii isotype BPI 187076.Fig. S20. Sclerospora farlowii isotype BPI 187078.Fig. S21. Sclerospora iseilematis lectotype BPI 187262.Fig. S22. Sclerospora northii lectotype BPI 187307.Fig. S23. Viennotia oplismeni isotype BPI 784624. Table S1. Summary of the primary features of the asexual and sexual structures produced by Peronosporaceae species that cause downy mildew diseases of Poaceae hosts.","PeriodicalId":73121,"journal":{"name":"Fungal systematics and evolution","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75025100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Aspergillus</i> diversity from the Gcwihaba Cave in Botswana and description of one new species.","authors":"C M Visagie, M Goodwell, D O Nkwe","doi":"10.3114/fuse.2021.08.07","DOIUrl":"10.3114/fuse.2021.08.07","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A fungal survey of the Gcwihaba Cave from Botswana found <i>Aspergillus</i> to be one of the more common fungal genera isolated. The 81 <i>Aspergillus</i> strains were identified using <i>CaM</i> sequences and comparing these to a curated reference dataset. Nineteen species were identified representing eight sections (sections <i>Candidi, Circumdati, Flavi, Flavipedes, Nidulantes, Nigri, Terrei</i> and <i>Usti</i>). One strain could not be identified. Morphological characterisation and multigene phylogenetic analyses confirmed it as a new species in section <i>Flavipedes</i> and we introduce it below as <i>A. okavangoensis.</i> The new species is most similar to <i>A. iizukae</i>, both producing conidiophores with vesicles typically wider than 20 μm. The new species, however, does not produce Hülle cells and its colonies grow slower than those of <i>A. iizukae</i> on CYA at 37 °C (14-15 <i>vs</i> 18-21 mm) and CREA (15-16 <i>vs</i> 23-41mm).</p>","PeriodicalId":73121,"journal":{"name":"Fungal systematics and evolution","volume":"8 ","pages":"81-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8687055/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39679278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Lentinula madagasikarensis sp. nov</i>., a relative of shiitake mushrooms from Madagascar.","authors":"B P Looney,&nbsp;B Buyck,&nbsp;N Menolli,&nbsp;E Randrianjohany,&nbsp;D Hibbett","doi":"10.3114/fuse.2021.08.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3114/fuse.2021.08.01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We describe the first species of <i>Lentinula</i> from Africa, <i>Lentinula madagasikarensis sp. nov</i>. The new taxon, which was collected from central Madagascar, is strikingly similar to <i>L. edodes</i>, the shiitake mushroom. A BLAST search using ITS sequences from <i>L. madagasikarensis</i> as the query retrieves a mix of <i>Lentinula, Gymnopus</i>, <i>Marasmiellus</i>, and other members of <i>Omphalotaceae</i> as the top hits. A 28S phylogeny of the <i>Omphalotaceae</i> confirms placement of <i>L. madagasikarensis</i> within <i>Lentinula</i>. An ITS phylogeny places <i>L. madagasikarensis</i> as the sister group of <i>L. aciculospora</i>, which is a neotropical species. <i>Lentinula madagasikarensis</i> is characterized by robust basidiomata with vinaceous pilei, prominent floccose scales near the pileus margin, florets of sphaeropedunculate cheilocystidia, and subcylindrical basidiospores. This report constitutes a 4 000-mile, trans-oceanic range extension for <i>Lentinula</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":73121,"journal":{"name":"Fungal systematics and evolution","volume":"8 ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8687056/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39663886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New species in <i>Aciculosporium</i>, <i>Shimizuomyces</i> and a new genus <i>Morakotia</i> associated with plants in <i>Clavicipitaceae</i> from Thailand.","authors":"S Mongkolsamrit,&nbsp;W Noisripoom,&nbsp;D Thanakitpipattana,&nbsp;A Khonsanit,&nbsp;S Lamlertthon,&nbsp;J J Luangsa-Ard","doi":"10.3114/fuse.2021.08.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3114/fuse.2021.08.03","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Three new fungal species in the <i>Clavicipitaceae</i> (<i>Hypocreales</i>, <i>Ascomycota</i>) associated with plants were collected in Thailand. Morphological characterisation and phylogenetic analyses based on multi-locus sequences of LSU, <i>RPB1</i> and <i>TEF1</i> showed that two species belong to <i>Aciculosporium</i> and <i>Shimizuomyces. Morakotia</i> occupies a unique clade and is proposed as a novel genus in <i>Clavicipitaceae. Shimizuomyces cinereus</i> and <i>Morakotia fusca</i> share the morphological characteristic of having cylindrical to clavate stromata arising from seeds. <i>Aciculosporium siamense</i> produces perithecial plates and occurs on a leaf sheath of an unknown panicoid grass.</p>","PeriodicalId":73121,"journal":{"name":"Fungal systematics and evolution","volume":"8 ","pages":"27-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8687063/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39663888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Asperosporus subterraneus</i>, a new genus and species of sequestrate <i>Agaricaceae</i> found in Florida nursery production.","authors":"E Karlsen-Ayala,&nbsp;R Gazis,&nbsp;M E Smith","doi":"10.3114/fuse.2021.08.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3114/fuse.2021.08.08","url":null,"abstract":"We describe a novel sequestrate genus and species, Asperosporus subterraneus gen. et sp. nov., found associated with nursery production of ferns in south Florida. This truffle species has a unique combination of morphological characters among described Agaricaceae in that it lacks a stipe or columella, has large, ornamented spores, the fresh sporocarps rapidly stain pink-red when cut or bruised, and they have a rancid smell. Although this fungus does not appear to be a direct plant pathogen, the hyphae of A. subterraneus produce a thick hydrophobic mycelial mat that binds the organic matter and therefore prevents water and fertilizer from being absorbed by plants, consequently causing wilting and chlorosis. Using morphological characteristics and phylogenetic reconstruction based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), partial large subunit nuclear ribosomal DNA (LSU), second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (rpb2) and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1) regions, we describe this taxon as a new genus and species in Agaricaceae.","PeriodicalId":73121,"journal":{"name":"Fungal systematics and evolution","volume":"8 ","pages":"91-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8687231/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39679279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anchoring the species <i>Rhizophagus intraradices</i> (formerly <i>Glomus intraradices</i>).","authors":"C Walker,&nbsp;A Schüßler,&nbsp;B Vincent,&nbsp;S Cranenbrouck,&nbsp;S Declerck","doi":"10.3114/fuse.2021.08.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3114/fuse.2021.08.14","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The nomenclatural type material of <i>Rhizophagus intraradices</i> (basionym <i>Glomus intraradices</i>) was originally described from a trap pot culture established with root fragments, subcultures of which later became registered in the INVAM culture collection as FL 208. Subcultures of FL 208 (designated as strain ATT 4) and a new strain, independently isolated from the type location (ATT 1102), were established as both pot cultures with soil-like substrate and <i>in vitro</i> root organ culture. Long-term sampling of these cultures shows spores of the species to have considerable morphological plasticity, not described in the original description. Size, shape and other features of the spores were much more variable than indicated in the protologue. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed earlier published evidence that sequences from all <i>R. intraradices</i> cultures formed a monophyletic clade, well separated from, and not representing a sister clade to, <i>R. irregularis</i>. Moreover, new phylogenetic analyses show that <i>Rhizoglomus venetianum</i> and <i>R. irregularis</i> are synonymous. The morphological characters used to separate these species exemplify the difficulties in species recognition due to the high phenotypic plasticity in the genus <i>Rhizophagus. Rhizophagus intraradices</i> is morphologically re-described, an epitype is designated from a single-spore isolate derived from ATT 4, and <i>R. venetianum</i> is synonymised with <i>R. irregularis</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":73121,"journal":{"name":"Fungal systematics and evolution","volume":"8 ","pages":"179-201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8687058/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39915730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}