Fungal systematics and evolution最新文献

{"title":"A short story of nearly everything in <i>Lactifluus</i> (<i>Russulaceae</i>).","authors":"E De Crop, L Delgat, J Nuytinck, R E Halling, A Verbeken","doi":"10.3114/fuse.2021.07.07","DOIUrl":"10.3114/fuse.2021.07.07","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fungi are a large and hyper-diverse group with major taxa present in every ecosystem on earth. However, compared to other eukaryotic organisms, their diversity is largely understudied. Since the rise of molecular techniques, new lineages are being discovered at an increasing rate, but many are not accurately characterised. Access to comprehensive and reliable taxonomic information of organisms is fundamental for research in different disciplines exploring a variety of questions. A globally dominant ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal family in terrestrial ecosystems is the <i>Russulaceae</i> (<i>Russulales</i>, <i>Basidiomycota</i>) family. Amongst the mainly agaricoid <i>Russulaceae</i> genera, the ectomycorrhizal genus <i>Lactifluus</i> was historically least studied due to its largely tropical distribution in many underexplored areas and the apparent occurrence of several species complexes. Due to increased studies in the tropics, with a focus on this genus, knowledge on <i>Lactifluus</i> grew. We demonstrate here that <i>Lactifluus</i> is now one of the best-known ECM genera. This paper aims to provide a thorough overview of the current knowledge of <i>Lactifluus</i>, with information on diversity, distribution, ecology, phylogeny, taxonomy, morphology, and ethnomycological uses of species in this genus. This is a result of our larger study, aimed at building a comprehensive and complete dataset or taxonomic framework for <i>Lactifluus</i>, based on molecular, morphological, biogeographical, and taxonomical data as a tool and reference for other researchers. <b>Citation:</b> De Crop E, Delgat L, Nuytinck J, Halling RE, Verbeken A (2021). A short story of nearly everything in <i>Lactifluus (Russulaceae)</i>. <i>Fungal Systematics and Evolution</i> <b>7:</b> 133-164. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2021.07.07.</p>","PeriodicalId":73121,"journal":{"name":"Fungal systematics and evolution","volume":"7 ","pages":"133-164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/82/e1/fuse-2021-7-7.PMC8166210.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39024000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Pseudocercospora</i> and allied genera associated with leaf spots of banana (<i>Musa</i> spp.).","authors":"P W Crous,&nbsp;J Carlier,&nbsp;V Roussel,&nbsp;J Z Groenewald","doi":"10.3114/fuse.2021.07.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3114/fuse.2021.07.01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Sigatoka leaf spot complex on <i>Musa</i> spp. includes three major pathogens: <i>Pseudocercospora</i>, namely <i>P. musae</i> (Sigatoka leaf spot or yellow Sigatoka), <i>P. eumusae</i> (eumusae leaf spot disease), and <i>P. fijiensis</i> (black leaf streak disease or black Sigatoka). However, more than 30 species of <i>Mycosphaerellaceae</i> have been associated with Sigatoka leaf spots of banana, and previous reports of <i>P. musae</i> and <i>P. eumusae</i> need to be re-evaluated in light of recently described species. The aim of the present study was thus to investigate a global set of 228 isolates of <i>P. musae, P. eumusae</i> and close relatives on banana using multigene DNA sequence data [internal transcribed spacer regions with intervening 5.8S nrRNA gene (ITS), RNA polymerase II second largest subunit gene (<i>rpb2</i>), translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene (<i>tef1</i>), beta-tubulin gene (<i>tub2</i>), and the actin gene (<i>act</i>)] to confirm if these isolates represent <i>P. musae</i>, or a closely allied species. Based on these data one new species is described, namely <i>P. pseudomusae</i>, which is associated with leaf spot symptoms resembling those of <i>P. musae</i> on <i>Musa</i> in Indonesia. Furthermore, <i>P. eumusae, P. musae</i> and <i>P. fijiensis</i> are shown to be well defined taxa, with some isolates also representing <i>P. longispora.</i> Other genera encountered in the dataset are species of <i>Zasmidium</i> (Taiwan leaf speckle), <i>Metulocladosporiella</i> <i>(</i>Cladosporium leaf speckle) and Scolecobasidium leaf speckle. <b>Citation:</b> Crous P, Carlier J, Roussel V, Groenewald JZ (2020). <i>Pseudocercospora</i> and allied genera associated with leaf spots of banana (<i>Musa</i> spp.). <i>Fungal Systematics and Evolution</i> 7: 1-19. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2021.07.01.</p>","PeriodicalId":73121,"journal":{"name":"Fungal systematics and evolution","volume":"7 ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/93/c5/fuse-2021-7-1.PMC8165963.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39011754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A higher-rank classification for rust fungi, with notes on genera.","authors":"M C Aime, A R McTaggart","doi":"10.3114/fuse.2021.07.02","DOIUrl":"10.3114/fuse.2021.07.02","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rust fungi (<i>Pucciniales</i>) with 7000+ species comprise one of the largest orders of <i>Fungi</i>, and one for which taxonomy at all ranks remains problematic. Here we provide a taxonomic framework, based on 16 years of sampling that includes <i>ca</i>. 80 % of accepted genera including type species wherever possible, and three DNA loci used to resolve the deeper nodes of the rust fungus tree of life. <i>Pucciniales</i> are comprised of seven suborders - <i>Araucariomycetineae subord. nov., Melampsorineae</i>, <i>Mikronegeriineae</i>, <i>Raveneliineae subord. nov., Rogerpetersoniineae subord. nov.</i>, <i>Skierkineae subord. nov</i>., and <i>Uredinineae</i> - and 18 families - <i>Araucariomycetaceae fam. nov</i>., <i>Coleosporiaceae</i>, <i>Crossopsoraceae fam. nov., Gymnosporangiaceae, Melampsoraceae</i>, <i>Milesinaceae fam. nov</i>., <i>Ochropsoraceae fam.</i> & <i>stat. nov</i>., <i>Phakopsoraceae</i>, <i>Phragmidiaceae</i>, <i>Pileolariaceae</i>, <i>Pucciniaceae, Pucciniastraceae</i>, <i>Raveneliaceae</i>, <i>Rogerpetersoniaceae fam. nov</i>., <i>Skierkaceae fam.</i> & <i>stat. nov</i>., <i>Sphaerophragmiaceae</i>, <i>Tranzscheliaceae fam.</i> & <i>stat. nov</i>., and <i>Zaghouaniaceae</i>. The new genera <i>Araucariomyces</i> (for <i>Aecidium fragiforme</i> and <i>Ae. balansae</i>)<i>, Neoolivea</i> (for <i>Olivea tectonae</i>), <i>Rogerpetersonia</i> (for <i>Caeoma torreyae</i>), and <i>Rossmanomyces</i> (for <i>Chrysomyxa monesis, Ch. pryrolae,</i> and <i>Ch. ramischiae</i>) are proposed. Twenty-one new combinations and one new name are introduced for: <i>Angiopsora apoda</i>, <i>Angiopsora chusqueae, Angiopsora paspalicola</i>, <i>Araucariomyces balansae, Araucariomyces fragiformis, Cephalotelium evansii, Cephalotelium neocaledoniense, Cephalotelium xanthophloeae, Ceropsora weirii, Gymnotelium speciosum, Lipocystis acaciae-pennatulae</i>, <i>Neoolivea tectonae, Neophysopella kraunhiae, Phakopsora pipturi, Rogerpetersonia torreyae, Rossmanomyces monesis, Rossmanomyces pryrolae, Rossmanomyces ramischiae, Thekopsora americana, Thekopsora potentillae, Thekopsora pseudoagrimoniae,</i> and <i>Zaghouania notelaeae.</i> Higher ranks are newly defined with consideration of morphology, host range and life cycle. Finally, we discuss the evolutionary and diversification trends within <i>Pucciniales</i>. <b>Citation:</b> Aime MC, McTaggart AR (2020). A higher-rank classification for rust fungi, with notes on genera. <i>Fungal Systematics and Evolution</i> <b>7:</b> 21-47. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2021.07.02.</p>","PeriodicalId":73121,"journal":{"name":"Fungal systematics and evolution","volume":"7 ","pages":"21-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/4b/25/fuse-2021-7-2.PMC8165960.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39011755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Phytophthora cathayensis sp. nov</i>., a new species pathogenic to Chinese Hickory (<i>Carya cathayensis</i>) in southeast China.","authors":"C Morales-Rodríguez, Y Wang, D Martignoni, A Vannini","doi":"10.3114/fuse.2021.07.05","DOIUrl":"10.3114/fuse.2021.07.05","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Crown decline and mortality associated with collar lesions were observed on <i>Carya cathayensis</i> (Chinese hickory) trees in a plantation in Zhejiang province, China. Examination of active lesions resulted in the isolation of a homothallic, papillate <i>Phytophthora</i> sp. Detailed morphological and physiological studies and phylogenetic analysis, using ITS, beta-tubulin, cytochrome oxidase I, and heat shock protein 90 gene regions, revealed that all isolates belonged to an undescribed species residing in phylogenetic Clade 4, which is described here as <i>Phytophthora cathayensis sp. nov</i>. Inoculation trials were conducted under greenhouse conditions on <i>C. cathayensis</i> and <i>C. illinoensis</i> (pecan) plants to fulfill Koch postulates and hypothesize a possible pathway of the incursion. An existing report of a <i>Phytophthora</i> species with the same ITS sequence was reported on <i>C. illinoensis</i> from the USA in 2009. The difference in susceptibility of the two inoculated <i>Carya</i> species, and the report from the USA, suggest a possible introduction with plant material from the USA to China. <b>Citation:</b> Morales-Rodríguez C, Wang Y, Martignoni D, Vannini A (2020). <i>Phytophthora cathayensis sp. nov.</i>, a new species pathogenic to Chinese Hickory (<i>Carya cathayensis</i>) in southeast China. <i>Fungal Systematics and Evolution</i> <b>7:</b> 99-111. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2021.07.05.</p>","PeriodicalId":73121,"journal":{"name":"Fungal systematics and evolution","volume":"7 ","pages":"99-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/26/24/fuse-2021-7-5.PMC8165965.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39011759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Redefining genera of cereal pathogens: <i>Oculimacula</i>, <i>Rhynchosporium</i> and <i>Spermospora</i>.","authors":"P W Crous,&nbsp;U Braun,&nbsp;B A McDonald,&nbsp;C L Lennox,&nbsp;J Edwards,&nbsp;R C Mann,&nbsp;A Zaveri,&nbsp;C C Linde,&nbsp;P S Dyer,&nbsp;J Z Groenewald","doi":"10.3114/fuse.2021.07.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3114/fuse.2021.07.04","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The taxonomy of <i>Oculimacula, Rhynchosporium</i> and <i>Spermospora</i> is re-evaluated, along with that of phylogenetically related genera<i>.</i> Isolates are identified using comparisons of DNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer ribosomal RNA locus (ITS), partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha (<i>tef1</i>), actin (<i>act</i>), DNA-directed RNA polymerase II largest (<i>rpb1</i>) and second largest subunit (<i>rpb2</i>) genes, and the nuclear ribosomal large subunit (LSU), combined with their morphological characteristics. <i>Oculimacula</i> is restricted to two species, <i>O. acuformis</i> and <i>O. yallundae</i>, with <i>O. aestiva</i> placed in <i>Cyphellophora</i>, and <i>O. anguioides</i> accommodated in a new genus, <i>Helgardiomyces</i>. <i>Rhynchosporium s. str</i>. is restricted to species with 1-septate conidia and hooked apical beaks, while <i>Rhynchobrunnera</i> is introduced for species with 1-3-septate, straight conidia, lacking any apical beak. <i>Rhynchosporium graminicola</i> is proposed to replace the name <i>R. commune</i> applied to the barley scald pathogen based on nomenclatural priority. <i>Spermospora</i> is shown to be paraphyletic, representing <i>Spermospora</i> (type: <i>S. subulata</i>), with three new species, <i>S. arrhenatheri, S. loliiphila</i> and <i>S. zeae</i>, and <i>Neospermospora gen. nov</i>. (type: <i>N. avenae</i>)<i>. Ypsilina</i> (type: <i>Y. graminea</i>), is shown to be monophyletic, but appears to be of minor importance on cereals. Finally<i>, Vanderaaea gen. nov</i>. (type: <i>V. ammophilae</i>), is introduced as a new coelomycetous fungus occurring on dead leaves of <i>Ammophila arenaria</i>. <b>Citation:</b> Crous PW, Braun U, McDonald BA, Lennox CL, Edwards J, Mann RC, Zaveri A, Linde CC, Dyer PS, Groenewald JZ (2020). Redefining genera of cereal pathogens: <i>Oculimacula</i>, <i>Rhynchosporium</i> and <i>Spermospora</i>. <i>Fungal Systematics and Evolution</i> <b>7:</b> 67-98. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2021.07.04.</p>","PeriodicalId":73121,"journal":{"name":"Fungal systematics and evolution","volume":"7 ","pages":"67-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/5f/56/fuse-2021-7-4.PMC8165968.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39011757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phylogenetic placement and reassessment of <i>Asperisporium pongamiae</i> as <i>Pedrocrousiella pongamiae gen. et comb. nov.</i> (<i>Mycosphaerellaceae</i>).","authors":"K C Rajeshkumar,&nbsp;U Braun,&nbsp;J Z Groenewald,&nbsp;S S Lad,&nbsp;N Ashtekar,&nbsp;S Fatima,&nbsp;G Anand","doi":"10.3114/fuse.2021.07.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3114/fuse.2021.07.08","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The leaf spot disease of <i>Pongamia pinnata</i> caused by an asperisporium-like asexual morph, which is usually referred to as <i>Asperisporium pongamiae</i>, is quite common during monsoon seasons in India. Phylogenetic analyses, based on LSU and <i>rpb2</i> sequence data, and blast searches using ITS sequence data, revealed that this ascomycete forms a lineage within <i>Mycosphaerellaceae</i> distant from all other generic lineages. <i>Pedrocrousiella gen. nov.</i>, with <i>P. pongamiae comb. nov.</i>, based on <i>Fusicladium pongamiae</i> (≡ <i>A. pongamiae</i>), as type species is introduced for this lineage. This species has been considered the asexual morph of <i>Mycosphaerella pongamiae</i> (≡ <i>Stigmatea pongamiae</i>). However, this connection is unproven and was just based on the occasional association of the two taxa in some collections. Several attempts to induce the formation of a sexual morph in culture failed, therefore the putative connection between these morphs could not be confirmed. <i>Asperisporium pongamiae</i>-<i>pinnatae</i> is reduced to synonymy with <i>P. pongamiae</i>. <i>Asperisporium pongamiae</i>-<i>pinnatae</i> was introduced because of the wrong assumption that <i>F. pongamiae</i> had been described on another host, <i>Pongamia globosa</i>. But <i>Fusicladium pongamiae</i> was actually described in India on <i>Pongamia glabra</i>, which is a synonym of <i>P. pinnata</i>, and hence on the same host as <i>Asperisporium pongamiae-pinnatae</i>. <i>Pedrocrousiella pongamiae</i> clusters in a clade containing <i>Distocercospora</i>, <i>Clypeosphaerella</i>, and \"<i>Pseudocercospora</i>\" <i>nephrolepidicola</i>, a species which is not congeneric with <i>Pseudocercospora</i>. Phylogenetically, <i>Pedrocrousiella</i> is distant from the <i>Asperisporium s. str.</i> clade (type species <i>A. caricae</i>), which is more closely related to <i>Amycosphaerella</i>, <i>Pseudocercosporella</i>, <i>Distomycovellosiella</i> and <i>Nothopassalora</i>. <b>Citation:</b> Rajeshkumar KC, Braun U, Groenewald JZ, Lad SS, Ashtekar N, Fatima S, Anand G (2021). Phylogenetic placement and reassessment of <i>Asperisporium pongamiae</i> as <i>Pedrocrousiella pongamiae gen. et comb. nov.</i> (<i>Mycosphaerellaceae</i>). <i>Fungal Systematics and Evolution</i> <b>7:</b> 165-176. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2021.07.08.</p>","PeriodicalId":73121,"journal":{"name":"Fungal systematics and evolution","volume":"7 ","pages":"165-176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d3/36/fuse-2021-7-8.PMC8166208.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39024001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Sirolpidium bryopsidis</i>, a parasite of green algae, is probably conspecific with <i>Pontisma lagenidioides</i>, a parasite of red algae.","authors":"A T Buaya,&nbsp;B Scholz,&nbsp;M Thines","doi":"10.3114/fuse.2021.07.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3114/fuse.2021.07.11","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The genus <i>Sirolpidium</i> (<i>Sirolpidiaceae</i>) of the <i>Oomycota</i> includes several species of holocarpic obligate aquatic parasites. These organisms are widely occurring in marine and freshwater habitats, mostly infecting filamentous green algae. Presently, all species are only known from their morphology and descriptive life cycle traits. None of the seven species classified in <i>Sirolpidium,</i> including the type species, <i>S. bryopsidis,</i> has been rediscovered and studied for their molecular phylogeny, so far. Originally, the genus was established to accommodate all parasites of filamentous marine green algae. In the past few decades, however, <i>Sirolpidium</i> has undergone multiple taxonomic revisions and several species parasitic in other host groups were added to the genus. While the phylogeny of the marine rhodophyte- and phaeophyte-infecting genera <i>Pontisma</i> and <i>Eurychasma</i>, respectively, has only been resolved recently, the taxonomic placement of the chlorophyte-infecting genus <i>Sirolpidium</i> remained unresolved. In the present study, we report the phylogenetic placement of <i>Sirolpidium bryopsidis</i> infecting the filamentous marine green algae <i>Capsosiphon fulvescens</i> sampled from Skagaströnd in Northwest Iceland. Phylogenetic reconstructions revealed that <i>S. bryopsidis</i> is either conspecific or at least very closely related to the type species of <i>Pontisma</i>, <i>Po. lagenidioides</i>. Consequently, the type species of genus <i>Sirolpidium</i>, <i>S. bryopsidis</i>, is reclassified to <i>Pontisma</i>. Further infection trials are needed to determine if <i>Po. bryopsidis</i> and <i>Po. lagenidioides</i> are conspecific or closely related. In either case, the apparently recent host jump from red to green algae is remarkable, as it opens the possibility for radiation in a largely divergent eukaryotic lineage. <b>Citation:</b> Buaya AT, Scholz B, Thines M (2021). <i>Sirolpidium bryopsidis</i>, a parasite of green algae, is probably conspecific with <i>Pontisma lagenidioides</i>, a parasite of red algae. <i>Fungal Systematics and Evolution</i> <b>7:</b> 223-231. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2021.07.11.</p>","PeriodicalId":73121,"journal":{"name":"Fungal systematics and evolution","volume":"7 ","pages":"223-231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/6e/1b/fuse-2021-7-11.PMC8165961.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39024004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Four new species of <i>Hydnellum</i> (<i>Thelephorales</i>, <i>Basidiomycota</i>) with a note on <i>Sarcodon illudens</i>.","authors":"J Nitare, A M Ainsworth, E Larsson, D Parfitt, L M Suz, S Svantesson, K-H Larsson","doi":"10.3114/fuse.2021.07.12","DOIUrl":"10.3114/fuse.2021.07.12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Four new <i>Hydnellum</i> species are described. <i>Hydnellum roseoviolaceum sp. nov</i>. grows in dry pine heaths on acidic, sandy soil. It is close to <i>H. fuligineoviolaceum</i>, another pine-associated species, but differs by smaller spores, an initially rose-coloured instead of violet flesh in fresh basidiomata and a mild taste. <i>Hydnellum scabrosellum sp. nov</i>. grows in coniferous forests on calcareous soil. It shares a general morphology with <i>H. scabrosum</i>, which also is its closest relative. It differs by having smaller and slenderer basidiomata and by the yellowish ochraceous colour of flesh and spines in dried specimens compared to the whitish or reddish brown colour seen in <i>H. scabrosum</i>. <i>Hydnellum fagiscabrosum sp. nov</i>. is another species with morphological and phylogenetic affinities to <i>H. scabrosum</i>. However, it is associated with trees from <i>Fagales</i> whereas <i>H. scabrosum</i> is associated with <i>Pinaceae</i>. <i>Hydnellum nemorosum sp. nov</i>. is yet another species that associates with broadleaved trees. It seems to be a rare species, morphologically reminiscent of <i>H. fuligineoviolaceum</i>, <i>H. ioeides</i> and <i>H. scabrosum,</i> but it is phylogenetically close to <i>H. fennicum</i>. Sequences from the type specimens of <i>H. glaucopus</i>, <i>H. lepidum</i>, <i>H. scabrosum</i>, <i>Sarcodon illudens</i> and <i>S. regalis</i> are included in the analyses. Specimens given the provisional name \"<i>Sarcodon pseudoglaucopus</i>\" in Sweden are now shown to be referable to <i>S. illudens</i>. The analyses further showed that <i>S. illudens</i> is close to <i>H. lepidum</i>. The new combination <i>Hydnellum illudens</i> is proposed. <i>Sarcodon regalis</i> and <i>H</i>. <i>lepidum</i> are shown to be conspecific and, although their basionyms were simultaneously published, the name <i>S. regalis</i> was only validated in a later publication. <i>Hydnellum lepidum</i> therefore takes priority and <i>S. regalis</i> becomes a synonym. <b>Citation:</b> Nitare J, Ainsworth AM, Larsson E, Parfitt D, Suz LM, Svantesson S, Larsson K-H (2021). Four new species of <i>Hydnellum</i> (<i>Thelephorales</i>, <i>Basidiomycota</i>) with a note on <i>Sarcodon illudens</i>. <i>Fungal Systematics and Evolution</i> <b>7:</b> 233-254. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2021.07.12.</p>","PeriodicalId":73121,"journal":{"name":"Fungal systematics and evolution","volume":"7 ","pages":"233-254"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/04/85/fuse-2021-7-12.PMC8165966.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39024005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phylogenetic delimitation of <i>Apiospora</i> and <i>Arthrinium</i>.","authors":"Á Pintos,&nbsp;P Alvarado","doi":"10.3114/fuse.2021.07.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3114/fuse.2021.07.10","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the present study six species of <i>Arthrinium</i> (including a new taxon, <i>Ar. crenatum</i>) are described and subjected to phylogenetic analysis. The analysis of ITS and 28S rDNA, as well as sequences of <i>tef1</i> and <i>tub2</i> exons suggests that <i>Arthrinium s. str.</i> and <i>Apiospora</i> represent independent lineages within <i>Apiosporaceae</i>. Morphologically, <i>Arthrinium</i> and <i>Apiospora</i> do not seem to have clear diagnostic features, although species of <i>Arthrinium</i> often produce variously shaped conidia (navicular, fusoid, curved, polygonal, rounded), while most species of <i>Apiospora</i> have rounded (face view) / lenticular (side view) conidia. Ecologically, most sequenced collections of <i>Arthrinium</i> were found on <i>Cyperaceae</i> or <i>Juncaceae</i> in temperate, cold or alpine habitats, while those of <i>Apiospora</i> were collected mainly on <i>Poaceae</i> (but also many other plant host families) in a wide range of habitats, including tropical and subtropical regions. A lectotype for <i>Sphaeria apiospora</i> (syn.: <i>Ap. montagnei</i>, type species of <i>Apiospora</i>) is selected among the original collections preserved at the PC fungarium, and the putative identity of this taxon, found on <i>Poaceae</i> in Mediterranean lowland habitats, is discussed. Fifty-five species of <i>Arthrinium</i> are combined to <i>Apiospora</i>, and a key to species of <i>Arthrinium s. str.</i> is provided. <b>Citation:</b> Pintos Á, Alvarado P (2021). Phylogenetic delimitation of <i>Apiospora</i> and <i>Arthrinium</i>. <i>Fungal Systematics and Evolution</i> <b>7:</b> 197-221. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2021.07.10.</p>","PeriodicalId":73121,"journal":{"name":"Fungal systematics and evolution","volume":"7 ","pages":"197-221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/25/68/fuse-2021-7-10.PMC8165962.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39024003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taxonomy and phylogeny of the basidiomycetous hyphomycete genus <i>Hormomyces</i>.","authors":"J Mack, R A Assabgui, K A Seifert","doi":"10.3114/fuse.2021.07.09","DOIUrl":"10.3114/fuse.2021.07.09","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The taxonomy of the genus <i>Hormomyces</i>, typified by <i>Hormomyces aurantiacus,</i> which based on circumstantial evidence was long assumed to be the hyphomycetous asexual morph of <i>Tremella mesenterica</i> (<i>Tremellales</i>, <i>Tremellomycetes</i>) or occasionally <i>Dacrymyces</i> (<i>Dacrymycetales</i>, <i>Dacrymycetes</i>)<i>,</i> is revised. Phylogenies based on the three nuc rDNA markers [internal transcribed spacers (ITS), 28S large ribosomal subunit nrDNA (28S) and 18S small ribosomal subunit nrDNA (18S)], based on cultures from Canada and the United States, suggest that the genus is synonymous with <i>Tulasnella</i> (<i>Cantharellales</i>, <i>Agaricomycetes</i>) rather than <i>Tremella</i> or <i>Dacrymyces.</i> Morphological studies of 38 fungarium specimens of <i>Hormomyces</i>, including the type specimens of <i>H. callorioides</i>, <i>H. fragiformis</i>, <i>H. paridiphilus</i> and <i>H. peniophorae</i> and examination of the protologues of <i>H. abieticola</i>, <i>H. aurantiacus</i> and <i>H. pezizoideus</i> suggest that <i>H. callorioides</i> and <i>H. fragiformis</i> are conspecific with <i>H. aurantiacus</i> while the remaining species are unlikely to be related to <i>Tulasnella</i>. The conidial chains produced by <i>H. aurantiacus</i> are similar to monilioid cells of asexual morphs of <i>Tulasnella</i> species formerly referred to the genus <i>Epulorhiza</i>. The new combination <i>Tulasnella aurantiaca</i> is proposed and the species is redescribed, illustrated and compared with similar fungi. The ecological niche of <i>T. aurantiaca</i> and its possible relationship to orchid root endophytes is discussed. A key to asexual genera with similar conidium ontogeny to <i>T. aurantiaca</i> is provided. <b>Citation:</b> Mack J, Assabgui RA, Seifert KA (2021). Taxonomy and phylogeny of the basidiomycetous hyphomycete genus <i>Hormomyces</i>. <i>Fungal Systematics and Evolution</i> <b>7:</b> 177-196. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2021.07.09.</p>","PeriodicalId":73121,"journal":{"name":"Fungal systematics and evolution","volume":"7 ","pages":"177-196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/80/39/fuse-2021-7-9.PMC8166209.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39024002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}