Fungal systematics and evolution最新文献

{"title":"<i>Hysterangiales</i> revisited: expanded phylogeny reveals new genera and two new suborders.","authors":"N Davoodian,&nbsp;T Lebel,&nbsp;M A Castellano,&nbsp;K Hosaka","doi":"10.3114/fuse.2021.08.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3114/fuse.2021.08.06","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Hysterangiales</i> (<i>Phallomycetidae</i>, <i>Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota</i>) is a diverse, nearly cosmopolitan order of predominantly hypogeous, sequestrate, ectomycorrhizal fungi. Expanding on previously published phylogenies, we significantly increased sampling of <i>Hysterangiales</i> specimens, emphasizing representatives from Australia. Using protein-coding genes <i>atp6</i> (adenosine triphosphate synthase subunit 6) and <i>tef1</i> (translation elongation factor 1-á), we recovered 26 provisional novel genera, and corroborated existing genera and families. Further, two new suborders (<i>Phallogastrineae subord. nov</i>. and <i>Hysterangineae subord. nov</i>.) and a new family (<i>Phallogastraceae fam. nov</i>.) are described, and three new combinations made to <i>Phallogaster</i>. Aspects of classification and biogeography are presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":73121,"journal":{"name":"Fungal systematics and evolution","volume":"8 ","pages":"65-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8687064/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39679277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wanted on <i>Agave americana</i>! <i>Hymenobolus agaves</i>, an overlooked introduced pathogen in the western palearctic region.","authors":"M A Ribes,&nbsp;V Escobio,&nbsp;R Negrín,&nbsp;H O Baral,&nbsp;D H Pfister,&nbsp;L Quijada","doi":"10.3114/fuse.2021.08.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3114/fuse.2021.08.10","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Hymenobolus agaves</i> has been reported only in Europe and Africa on the American plant <i>Agave americana</i> (<i>Asparagaceae</i>). This fungus has never been found in the native range of its host, in arid ecosystems of northern and central Mexico and Texas, USA. It has been suggested to be a pathogen that can kill its host. The fungus grows on succulent leaf bases of the plant. The morphology - black apothecia with a hymenium that disintegrates when asci mature and dark ornamented ascospores - make this species very distinctive, but it has been collected and reported only a few times since its first description. Its systematic position has been unclear, and it has been treated as <i>incertae sedis,</i> that is of uncertain placement<i>,</i> in <i>Leotiomycetes</i>. With recent collections and additional data on the ecology of <i>H. agaves</i>, we use integrative taxonomy (DNA sequences, morphology, ecology) to show its relationships is with <i>Cenangiaceae</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":73121,"journal":{"name":"Fungal systematics and evolution","volume":"8 ","pages":"129-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8687061/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39679281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological and molecular characterization of <i>Langdonia walkerae sp. nov</i>. infecting <i>Aristida stricta</i> and <i>A. beyrichiana</i> in longleaf pine-grassland ecosystems in the southeastern USA.","authors":"A S Alqurashi,&nbsp;J Kerrigan,&nbsp;K G Savchenko","doi":"10.3114/fuse.2021.08.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3114/fuse.2021.08.04","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A smut fungus that hinders wiregrass restoration efforts in longleaf pine-grassland ecosystems was collected from <i>Aristida stricta</i> and <i>A. beyrichiana</i> (<i>Poaceae</i>) in three states in the southeastern USA. Morphological and phylogenetic characteristics of this fungus were examined. These data show that the specimens from both plant species were infected by the same fungus and represent a new species of <i>Langdonia</i>. The new species differs morphologically from other species of <i>Langdonia</i> by teliospores being solitary and not compacted into spore balls. Spore wall ornamentation and teliospore size also differ from other <i>Langdonia</i> species. Phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences of the ITS, LSU, and <i>EF-1α</i> supported separation of the species from <i>A. stricta</i> and <i>A. beyrichiana</i> from other <i>Langdonia</i> species. Based on these results, a new species, <i>Langdonia walkerae</i>, is proposed.</p>","PeriodicalId":73121,"journal":{"name":"Fungal systematics and evolution","volume":"8 ","pages":"39-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8687059/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39663889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phylogenetic placement of <i>Iodosphaeriaceae</i> (<i>Xylariales, Ascomycota</i>), designation of an epitype for the type species of <i>Iodosphaeria</i>, <i>I. phyllophila</i>, and description of <i>I. foliicola sp. nov.</i>","authors":"A N Miller, M Réblová","doi":"10.3114/fuse.2021.08.05","DOIUrl":"10.3114/fuse.2021.08.05","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The <i>Iodosphaeriaceae</i> is represented by the single genus, <i>Iodosphaeria</i>, which is composed of nine species with superficial, black, globose ascomata covered with long, flexuous, brown hairs projecting from the ascomata in a stellate fashion, unitunicate asci with an amyloid apical ring or ring lacking and ellipsoidal, ellipsoidal-fusiform or allantoid, hyaline, aseptate ascospores. Members of <i>Iodosphaeria</i> are infrequently found worldwide as saprobes on various hosts and a wide range of substrates. Only three species have been sequenced and included in phylogenetic analyses, but the type species, <i>I. phyllophila</i>, lacks sequence data. In order to stabilize the placement of the genus and family, an epitype for the type species was designated after obtaining ITS sequence data and conducting maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses. <i>Iodosphaeria foliicola</i> occurring on overwintered <i>Alnus</i> sp. leaves is described as new. Five species in the genus form a well-supported monophyletic group, sister to the <i>Pseudosporidesmiaceae</i> in the <i>Xylariales</i>. Selenosporella-like and/or ceratosporium-like synasexual morphs were experimentally verified or found associated with ascomata of seven of the nine accepted species in the genus. Taxa included and excluded from <i>Iodosphaeria</i> are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":73121,"journal":{"name":"Fungal systematics and evolution","volume":"8 ","pages":"49-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8687054/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39678898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three independent evolutionary events of sequestrate <i>Lactifluus</i> species in Australasia.","authors":"T Lebel, J A Cooper, M A Castellano, J Nuytinck","doi":"10.3114/fuse.2021.08.02","DOIUrl":"10.3114/fuse.2021.08.02","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Three Australian species with sequestrate basidiome forms are recorded for the first time in the genus <i>Lactifluus</i> based on nuclear ITS-LSU and morphological data. These species represent three rare independent evolutionary events resulting in sequestrate basidiomes arising from agaricoid species in three different sections in two subgenera. All three species have highly reduced basidiome forms, and no species with intermediate forms have been found. <i>Lactifluus dendriticus</i> is unique in the genus in having highly branched, dendritic terminal elements in the pileipellis. We provide full descriptions of two species: <i>Zelleromyces dendriticus</i> (= <i>Lactifluus dendriticus comb. nov</i>.) in <i>Lactifluus</i> subg. <i>Lactifluus</i> sect. <i>Gerardii</i>, and <i>Lactifluus geoprofluens sp. nov</i>. in <i>Lf.</i> subg. <i>Lactifluus</i> sect. <i>Lactifluus</i>. A reduced description is provided for the third, <i>Lactifluus sp. prov.</i> KV181 in <i>Lf.</i> subg. <i>Pseudogymnocarpi</i> sect. <i>Pseudogymnocarpi</i>, as it is currently known from a single sequence.</p>","PeriodicalId":73121,"journal":{"name":"Fungal systematics and evolution","volume":"8 ","pages":"9-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8687060/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39663887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On six African species of <i>Lyomyces</i> and <i>Xylodon</i>.","authors":"I Viner,&nbsp;F Bortnikov,&nbsp;L Ryvarden,&nbsp;O Miettinen","doi":"10.3114/fuse.2021.08.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3114/fuse.2021.08.13","url":null,"abstract":"We studied a number of sub-Saharan collections of corticioid Xylodon and Lyomyces species, including several types. Morphological descriptions and molecular analyses based on the ribosomal DNA loci nuc rDNA ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 and when possible nuc 28S rDNA, allow us to introduce four new species: L. densiusculus, X. angustisporus, X. dissiliens, and X. laxiusculus. DNA barcodes for X. submucronatus and X. pruniaceus are published for the first time and X. pruniaceus is re-described.","PeriodicalId":73121,"journal":{"name":"Fungal systematics and evolution","volume":"8 ","pages":"163-178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8687062/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39915729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Citizen science project reveals novel fusarioid fungi (<i>Nectriaceae, Sordariomycetes</i>) from urban soils.","authors":"P W Crous,&nbsp;M Hernández-Restrepo,&nbsp;A L van Iperen,&nbsp;M Starink-Willemse,&nbsp;M Sandoval-Denis,&nbsp;J Z Groenewald","doi":"10.3114/fuse.2021.08.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3114/fuse.2021.08.09","url":null,"abstract":"Soil fungi play a crucial role in soil quality and fertility in being able to break down organic matter but are frequently also observed to play a role as important plant pathogens. As part of a Citizen Science Project initiated by the Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute and the Utrecht University Museum, which aimed to describe novel fungal species from Dutch garden soil, the diversity of fusarioid fungi (Fusarium and other fusarioid genera), which are members of Nectriaceae (Hypocreales) was investigated. Preliminary analyses of ITS and LSU sequences from more than 4 750 isolates obtained indicated that 109 strains belong to this generic complex. Based on multi-locus phylogenies of combinations of cmdA, tef1, rpb1, rpb2 and tub2 alignments, and morphological characteristics, 25 species were identified, namely 22 in Fusarium and three in Neocosmospora. Furthermore, two species were described as new namely F. vanleeuwenii from the Fusarium oxysporum species complex (FOSC), and F. wereldwijsianum from the Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti species complex (FIESC). Other species encountered in this study include in the FOSC: F. curvatum, F. nirenbergiae, F. oxysporum and three undescribed Fusarium spp.; in the FIESC: F. clavus, F. croceum, F. equiseti, F. flagelliforme and F. toxicum; Fusarium tricinctum species complex: F. flocciferum and F. torulosum; the Fusarium sambucinum species complex: F. culmorum and F. graminearum; the Fusarium redolens species complex: F. redolens; and the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex: F. verticillioides. Three species of Neocosmospora were encountered, namely N. solani, N. stercicola and N. tonkinensis. Although soil fungal diversity has been well studied in the Netherlands, this study revealed two new species, and eight new records: F. clavus, F. croceum, F. flagelliforme, F. odoratissimum, F. tardicrescens, F. toxicum, F. triseptatum and N. stercicola.","PeriodicalId":73121,"journal":{"name":"Fungal systematics and evolution","volume":"8 ","pages":"101-127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8687230/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39679280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Polyozellus vs. Pseudotomentella</i>: generic delimitation with a multi-gene dataset.","authors":"S Svantesson,&nbsp;U Kõljalg,&nbsp;C Wurzbacher,&nbsp;I Saar,&nbsp;K-H Larsson,&nbsp;E Larsson","doi":"10.3114/fuse.2021.08.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3114/fuse.2021.08.11","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Polyozellus</i> and <i>Pseudotomentella</i> are two genera of closely related, ectomycorrhizal fungi in the order <i>Thelephorales</i>; the former stipitate and the latter corticioid. Both are widespread in the Northern Hemisphere and many species from both genera seem to be restricted to old growth forest. This study aimed to: a) identify genetic regions useful in inferring the phylogenetic relationship between <i>Polyozellus</i> and <i>Pseudotomentella</i>, b) infer this relationship with the regions identified and c) make any taxonomic changes warranted by the result. <i>RPB2</i>, mtSSU and nearly full-length portions of nrLSU and nrSSU were found to be comparatively easy to sequence and provide a strong phylogenetic signal. A STACEY species tree of these three regions revealed that <i>Polyozellus</i> makes <i>Pseudotomentella</i> paraphyletic. As a result, nearly all species currently placed in <i>Pseudotomentella</i> were recombined to <i>Polyozellus. Pseudotomentella larsenii</i> was found to be closer to <i>Tomentellopsis</i> than <i>Polyozellus</i>, but its placement needs further study and it was hence not recombined.</p>","PeriodicalId":73121,"journal":{"name":"Fungal systematics and evolution","volume":"8 ","pages":"143-154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8687065/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39679282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ophiostomatoid fungi including a new species associated with Asian larch bark beetle <i>Ips subelongatus</i>, in Heilongjiang (Northeast China).","authors":"R Chang,&nbsp;M J Wingfield,&nbsp;S Marincowitz,&nbsp;Z W de Beer,&nbsp;X Zhou,&nbsp;T A Duong","doi":"10.3114/fuse.2021.08.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3114/fuse.2021.08.12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Ips subelongatus</i> (<i>Coleoptera</i>, <i>Scolytinae</i>) is an important bark beetle species that infests <i>Larix</i> spp. in Asia. Individuals of this beetle are vectors of ophiostomatoid fungi, on their exoskeletons, that are transmitted to infested trees. In this study, the symbiotic assemblage of ophiostomatoid fungi associated with <i>I. subelongatus</i> in Northeast China was studied. Fungal isolates were identified based on their morphological characters and sequences of ITS, beta-tubulin, elongation factor 1-alpha and calmodulin gene regions. In total, 48 isolates were collected and identified, residing in six taxa. These included a novel species, described here as <i>Ophiostoma gmelinii sp. nov.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":73121,"journal":{"name":"Fungal systematics and evolution","volume":"8 ","pages":"155-161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8687057/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39679283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taxonomy and phylogeny of the <i>Erysiphe lonicerae</i> complex (<i>Helotiales</i>, <i>Erysiphaceae</i>) on <i>Lonicera</i> spp.","authors":"M Bradshaw, U Braun, M Götz, S Takamatsu","doi":"10.3114/fuse.2021.07.03","DOIUrl":"10.3114/fuse.2021.07.03","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The phylogeny and taxonomy of powdery mildews, belonging to the genus <i>Erysiphe</i>, on <i>Lonicera</i> species throughout the world are examined and discussed. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that sequences retrieved from <i>Erysiphe lonicerae</i>, a widespread powdery mildew species distributed in the Northern Hemisphere on a wide range of <i>Lonicera</i> spp., constitutes a complex of two separate species, <i>viz</i>., <i>E. lonicerae</i> (<i>s. str</i>.) and <i>Erysiphe ehrenbergii comb. nov</i>. <i>Erysiphe lonicerae</i> occurs on <i>Lonicera</i> spp. belonging to <i>Lonicera</i> subgen. <i>Lonicera</i> (= subgen. <i>Caprifolium</i> and subgen. <i>Periclymenum</i>), as well as <i>L. japonica</i>. <i>Erysiphe ehrenbergii comb. nov</i>. occurs on <i>Lonicera</i> spp. of <i>Lonicera</i> subgen. <i>Chamaecerasus</i>. Phylogenetic and morphological analyses have also revealed that <i>Microsphaera caprifoliacearum</i> (≡ <i>Erysiphe caprifoliacearum</i>) should be reduced to synonymy with <i>E. lonicerae</i> (<i>s. str.</i>). Additionally, <i>Erysiphe lonicerina sp. nov</i>. on <i>Lonicera japonica</i> in Japan is described and the new name <i>Erysiphe flexibilis</i>, based on <i>Microsphaera lonicerae</i> var. <i>flexuosa</i>, is introduced. The phylogeny of <i>Erysiphe ehrenbergii</i> and <i>E. lonicerae</i> as well as other <i>Erysiphe</i> species on <i>honeysuckle</i> is discussed, and a survey of all species, including a key to the species concerned, is provided. Citation: Bradshaw M, Braun U, Götz M, Takamatsu S (2020). Taxonomy and phylogeny of the <i>Erysiphe lonicerae</i> complex (<i>Helotiales</i>, <i>Erysiphaceae</i>) on <i>Lonicera</i> spp. <i>Fungal Systematics and Evolution</i> <b>7:</b> 49-65. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2021.07.03.</p>","PeriodicalId":73121,"journal":{"name":"Fungal systematics and evolution","volume":"7 ","pages":"49-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/97/47/fuse-2021-7-3.PMC8165964.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39011756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}