Frontiers in network physiology最新文献

{"title":"Comparison of oxygen desaturation area-based methods in predicting cardiovascular disease-related mortality outcomes.","authors":"Siying He, Peter A Cistulli, Philip de Chazal","doi":"10.3389/fnetp.2026.1805587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnetp.2026.1805587","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Study objectives: </strong>Desaturation area-based parameters derived from oximetry have emerged as novel predictors of cardiovascular disease mortality. Existing algorithms estimate the area under the oxygen desaturation curve but differ in computational aspects due to variations in baseline, sampling-window, and sleep event choice. These differences result in varying computational complexity and predictive performance. This study systematically characterizes published desaturation area-based algorithms to identify the most effective method for predicting cardiovascular disease-related (CVD) mortality and addressed the influence of computational discrepancy in the prediction.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>This study utilized data from the Sleep Heart Health Study, including corresponding CVD mortality outcomes and covariates. A total of 4,483 participants (53.4% female; mean age: 64.32 years) were analyzed. Fifteen desaturation area methods were implemented based on variations of 3 published algorithms (hypoxic burden, desaturation severity, respiratory event desaturation transient area). The predictive performance of each method was assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, with adjustments for relevant covariates. A variation based on the hypoxic burden algorithm that used a record-specific baseline was the best-performing method for predicting CVD mortality outcomes. In the fully adjusted model, it demonstrated the strongest predictive performance, with a hazard ratio of 1.79 and a 95% confidence interval of 1.00-3.19 for predicting CVD mortality (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Computational discrepancies, particularly the choice of sleep event annotations, were found to have a substantial impact on the predictive ability of desaturation area-based parameters for CVD mortality. Among all evaluated methods, the approach based on hypoxic burden with a record-specific baseline demonstrated the strongest predictive performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":73092,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in network physiology","volume":"6 ","pages":"1805587"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13136866/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147846851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-organisation of complex dynamical systems: from synergetics to neuromorphic systems.","authors":"Klaus Mainzer","doi":"10.3389/fnetp.2026.1736738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnetp.2026.1736738","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The intuitive idea of self-organisation in complex dynamical systems is that global patterns and structures emerge from locally interacting elements like atoms in laser beams, molecules in chemical reactions, proteins in cells, cells in organs, neurons in brains, agents in markets, etc. Hermann Haken introduced a mathematically precise and rigorous formalism of synergetics. In this framework we define local activity as the cause of self-organizing complexity which can be tested in an explicit and constructive manner. This principle of local activity can also be defined in the theory of nonlinear electronic circuits. It is not restricted to a certain domain, but can be generalized and proven for the class of nonlinear reaction-diffusion systems in physics, chemistry, biology, and brain research. An example is an improved Hodgkin-Huxley axon circuit model of the brain as network of physiology. It turns out that neuromorphic computing approximates the energetic efficiency of human brains and avoids the enormous increase of energy consumption with traditional digital computing. Obviously, traditional digitalization is closely connected with one of the most challenging problems of mankind-the increasing demand for energy with all its consequences for environmental and climate problems. Thus, synergetics with the local activity principle strongly supports the request for sustainable computing inspired by network physiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":73092,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in network physiology","volume":"6 ","pages":"1736738"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13147157/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147846935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiscale stochastic modeling for calcium dynamics in cardiac electrophysiology: assessing whole-cell model reliability under phosphorylation and LCC downregulation.","authors":"Gustavo Montes Novaes, Rodrigo Weber Dos Santos, Sergio Alonso, Enrique Alvarez-Lacalle","doi":"10.3389/fnetp.2026.1727426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnetp.2026.1727426","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intracellular calcium (Ca²⁺) dynamics drives contractile function in cardiac myocytes. In particular, L-type Calcium Channels (LCCs) and Ryanodine Receptors (RyRs) are organized in microdomains, where LCCs trigger substantial Ca²⁺ release from the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR) via RyRs. Different microdomains can be coupled at different length scales by calcium diffusion or common external activation. We present a Scalable Aggregate Calcium Release Unit (SA-CaRU) model for human ventricular myocytes that integrates a recently developed Markov Chain (MC)-based description of LCCs, replacing classical Hodgkin-Huxley gates. Our approach is based on previously published MC-based frameworks for the human heart, enabling stochastic gating and reproducing evoked local Ca²⁺ release statistics across different effective levels of microdomain aggregation. Our single-SA-CaRU system captures, within a unified framework, key features of microscale and macroscale Ca²⁺ cycling and allows, for the first time, systematic exploration of variability in SR Ca²⁺ release as a function of effective microdomain size and coupling. Simulations with increasing numbers of channels reveal that the transition from stochastic to deterministic-like Ca²⁺ behavior is typically sharp at a specific cluster size. Under normal (healthy) conditions, this occurs at <math><mrow><mi>O</mi> <mrow><mo>(</mo> <mrow><mn>1</mn> <msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow> <mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow> </msup> </mrow> <mo>)</mo></mrow> </mrow> </math> LCCs (with mild sensitivity to the RyR:LCC scaling). However, under high phosphorylation or LCC upregulation, stochasticity persists and convergence to deterministic-like behavior is absent or markedly delayed even for total LCC numbers as large as 20,000. In these conditions, whole-cell deterministic models become doubtful, since their behavior can be qualitatively different from that arising from any plausibly mediated coordination of subcellular calcium release units.</p>","PeriodicalId":73092,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in network physiology","volume":"6 ","pages":"1727426"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13111126/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147790797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The amplitude-amplitude cross-frequency coupling method: a step-by-step guide to quantifying physiological network interactions.","authors":"Sergi Garcia-Retortillo, Óscar Abenza, Yaopeng J X Ma, Plamen Ch Ivanov","doi":"10.3389/fnetp.2026.1784539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnetp.2026.1784539","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The human organism operates as an integrated network in which multiple physiological systems dynamically coordinate across spatial and temporal scales. Quantifying these interactions requires analytical frameworks that move beyond single-system measures and capture multisystem coordination. Here, we present a detailed, step-by-step description of the Amplitude-Amplitude Cross-Frequency Coupling (ACFC) method, a network-based approach designed to quantify coordination among skeletomuscular, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems using simultaneous electrophysiological recordings. ACFC evaluates how the amplitudes of oscillatory components across specific frequency bands co-vary over time, producing three network-based markers: inter-muscular, cardio-muscular, and respiratory-muscular coupling. The method combines spectral decomposition, cross-correlation analyses, and network dynamics to characterize global network organization and coupling strength for distinct physiological states, and the temporal variability in systems coordination and network interactions at short timescales. Beyond quantifying average coupling and network link strength over extended period of time associated with a given physiological state, ACFC enables probing the temporal coordination of physiological rhythms embedded in systems dynamics, as well as the variability and evolution of their network interactions across timescales and states in response to internal and external demands. Using a bodyweight squat protocol as an illustrative example, we outline all analytical steps, parameter choices, and practical considerations required to implement the ACFC method to quantify physiological systems coupling and network interactions. This Methods article provides a reproducible guide for applying ACFC analyses and is intended to facilitate the adoption, adaptation, and extension of network-based approaches to study multisystem coordination in exercise, aging, and broader physiological or clinical contexts in Network Physiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":73092,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in network physiology","volume":"6 ","pages":"1784539"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13105945/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147790960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metastability induced by non-reciprocal adaptive couplings in Kuramoto models.","authors":"Sayantan Nag Chowdhury, Hildegard Meyer-Ortmanns","doi":"10.3389/fnetp.2026.1774273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnetp.2026.1774273","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Non-reciprocal couplings are frequently found in systems out-of-equilibrium such as neuronal networks. Via bifurcation analysis and numerical integration we consider generalized Kuramoto models with non-reciprocal adaptive couplings. The non-reciprocity refers to the type of couplings according to Hebbian or anti-Hebbian rules and to different time scales on which the couplings evolve. The main effect of this specific combination of deterministic dynamics is an induced metastability of anti-phase synchronized clusters of oscillators. The time series exhibit random features but arise from deterministic dynamics. We analyze the metastability as a function of the system parameters, in particular of the size and the network connectivity. Metastable switching is typical for neuronal networks and a characteristic of brain dynamics. The mechanism behind the observed sudden changes in the order parameters is individual oscillators which change their cluster affiliation from time to time, providing \"weak ties\" between clusters of synchronized oscillators, where an individual oscillator may represent an entire brain area. This mechanism provides an alternative way of inducing metastability in the oscillatory system to switching events as result of heteroclinic dynamics.</p>","PeriodicalId":73092,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in network physiology","volume":"6 ","pages":"1774273"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13061673/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147679032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing effects of vibroacoustic stimulation compared to a guided mindfulness meditation using the biosignal of human speech.","authors":"Charlotte Fooks, Oliver Niebuhr","doi":"10.3389/fnetp.2026.1677209","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnetp.2026.1677209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>High stress and low wellbeing pose severe individual, societal and economic threats, and there is a pressing demand for non-invasive stress reduction tools. This exploratory pilot study assessed the efficacy of speech prosody as a biosignal for stress elicitation, when comparing relaxation outcomes of two interventions with a control group.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Thirty participants were divided into three treatment groups; (1) guided mindfulness meditation (2) vibroacoustic intervention (3) control. All participants read aloud a text before and after one 20-min treatment. The sixty readings were assessed using a multi-parametric acoustic-prosodic analysis, and within-speaker differences were compared between the initial and final reading.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results show groups (1) and (2) spoke with a breathier vocal quality in the second reading, while group (3) speech was tenser and at a lower, less variable loudness.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Results demonstrate speech prosody is a sensitive biomarker for treatment-effect classification and evaluation. Practical limitations and future research perspectives are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":73092,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in network physiology","volume":"6 ","pages":"1677209"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13021403/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147576781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling brain metabolism with interacting nonautonomous phase oscillators.","authors":"Samuel J K Barnes, Anaí Echeverría, Joshua Hawley, Yevhen F Suprunenko, Aneta Stefanovska","doi":"10.3389/fnetp.2026.1720336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnetp.2026.1720336","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Traditional brain models have focused primarily on electrical signalling, offering valuable insights but often overlooking the crucial role of metabolism within the neurovascular unit. Existing metabolic models tend to be highly detailed and mass-based, relying on strict conservation laws that limit their applicability to the brain's thermodynamically open environment. In this study, we present a novel, phenomenological model of neuronal energy metabolism using a network of coupled Kuramoto oscillators. This nonautonomous phase dynamics framework captures complex, time-dependent interactions and allows for multiple synchronization states among metabolic processes. Our model captures key features consistent with healthy neurovascular dynamics, despite not being directly fitted to empirical data from resting-state brains and reveals how disruptions in metabolic synchrony may contribute to dementia-related pathology. By emphasizing the importance of metabolic coordination in the neurovascular unit, this work provides a versatile methodological foundation for future brain modelling efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":73092,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in network physiology","volume":"6 ","pages":"1720336"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12969064/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147438131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of inspiratory muscle training on cardiorespiratory network physiology: evidence from cardiac autonomic modulation, respiratory sinus arrhythmia, and baroreflex sensitivity analysis.","authors":"Thiago Rodrigues Gonçalves, Selena Cristina Henriques Fontes, Michele Vaz Canena, Deysiane Peres da Silva Clemente de Oliveira, Pedro Paulo da Silva Soares, Gabriel Dias Rodrigues","doi":"10.3389/fnetp.2026.1761610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnetp.2026.1761610","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) has been proposed as a non-pharmacological strategy capable of improving respiratory performance and modulating cardiovascular autonomic function. However, its effects on baroreflex sensitivity, heart rate variability, and cardiorespiratory interactions in healthy young adults remain insufficiently understood. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether a 4-week IMT program, performed at moderate load, improves inspiratory muscle strength, cardiac autonomic modulation, spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), and respiratory pattern in healthy individuals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-two healthy young men were randomly assigned to an experimental group (60% of maximal inspiratory pressure, MIP) or a placebo group (10% of MIP). Before and after the intervention, participants underwent pulmonary function testing and assessments of inspiratory muscle performance, as well as hemodynamic, autonomic, and respiratory recordings during spontaneous and controlled breathing. Heart rate variability (HRV), blood pressure variability, and BRS (α-LF) were assessed during respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), and responses to the Valsalva maneuver were also evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>IMT significantly increased MIP by approximately 26% and enhanced peak inspiratory flow, without changes in pulmonary volumes. Vagal indices of HRV increased after training (rMSSD and HF; p ≤ 0.05), indicating enhanced parasympathetic modulation. IMT also modified the respiratory pattern, reducing the Ti/Ttot ratio and increasing expiratory time (p = 0.04). No significant changes were observed in blood pressure variability or BRS. RSA analysis demonstrated a reduction in inspiratory heart rate, and the Valsalva maneuver revealed attenuation of heart rate overshoot in phase IV.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>In conclusion, a 4-week IMT program in healthy young adults improves inspiratory muscle performance, enhances vagally mediated HRV, and promotes adjustments in respiratory pattern, without altering spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity. These findings suggest that the autonomic benefits of IMT on cardiac vagal modulation are predominantly mediated by respiratory mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":73092,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in network physiology","volume":"6 ","pages":"1761610"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12953523/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147358076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection and characterization of physiological network interactions in pulsatile motion of cranial blood vessels using real-time MRI.","authors":"Thorge von der Ohe, Vitali Telezki, Sabine Hofer, Peter Dechent, Martin Uecker, Mathias Bähr, Stefan Luther, Ulrich Parlitz","doi":"10.3389/fnetp.2026.1701638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnetp.2026.1701638","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present a robust method to assess pulsatile motion of larger cranial blood vessels in the human brain from high spatiotemporal-resolution real-time magnetic resonance (MR) imaging data. Together with percentile-based thresholding in combination with a border-detection algorithm and other empirical selection criteria, we are able to extract area time series from the pulsatile motion of blood vessels. In a proof of concept, we apply our method to the left and right vertebral arteries in a cohort of healthy subjects and extract heart and breathing rates from their pulsatile motion. Comparison to mean physiological reference values measured simultaneously with a photoplethysmogram and a breathing belt shows no differences within the scope of the measurement accuracy. Intra-subject differences for breathing rates detected in the left and right vertebral artery are high but not significant. Our findings suggest that the proposed method is suitable for assessing arterial pulsations in larger cranial vessels driven by heart or breathing rates, as part of the complex physiological network of heart-brain interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":73092,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in network physiology","volume":"6 ","pages":"1701638"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12950750/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147349846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond hypertrophy: a network physiology perspective on the cardio-neuromuscular trade-off in elite soccer.","authors":"Zacharias Papadakis, Nikolaos Koutlianos, Vassilios Panoutsakopoulos, Evangelia Kouidi","doi":"10.3389/fnetp.2026.1741770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnetp.2026.1741770","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Conventional models treat cardiovascular and neuromuscular adaptations as independent, which can hide interference between endurance and power. We investigated whether cardiac remodeling is associated with peak explosive power when adaptation is considered as an integrated system.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Nineteen male Super League soccer players completed two-dimensional echocardiography to quantify left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and performed a fifteen-repetition vertical jump test. We adjusted variables for body size and training years, then estimated a partial-correlation network with a Gaussian graphical model and ran sensitivity and subgroup checks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The developed network was sparse and stable. A selective inverse association linked LVMI with maximal jump height (partial correlation -0.41), supported by a complementary Bayesian analysis (Bayes factor 5.70). Neuromuscular variables formed a tight positive cluster, and LVMI did not show negative coupling with other jump metrics, indicating a specific rather than global trade-off.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>In elite players, a cardiac phenotype consistent with endurance support coincided with constrained peak explosive output when the system was analyzed as a whole. An interdependent network view clarifies interference patterns and points to targeted monitoring and periodization strategies for high-performance sport.</p>","PeriodicalId":73092,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in network physiology","volume":"6 ","pages":"1741770"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12946024/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147328466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}