Gustavo Vicentis De Oliveira Fernandes, Grace Mosley, Ana Cristina Cañizares, Juliana Campos Hasse Fernandes, Romana Muller
{"title":"Standardizing clinical evaluations of periodontal condition to guide assessments and diagnoses using the Periodontal Assessment Protocol (GF-PAPro).","authors":"Gustavo Vicentis De Oliveira Fernandes, Grace Mosley, Ana Cristina Cañizares, Juliana Campos Hasse Fernandes, Romana Muller","doi":"10.17219/acem/207502","DOIUrl":"10.17219/acem/207502","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In a highly evolved and developed world, where professionals seek greater knowledge and understanding of advanced surgeries and high technologies, basic concepts have become distant, posing challenges in achieving an accurate periodontal diagnosis. Therefore, utilizing a step-by-step clinical and radiographic periodontal assessment protocol can facilitate precise diagnosis. This editorial introduces the Periodontal Assessment Protocol (GF-PAPro), developed based on the most substantial scientific literature, to guide clinicians and experts in standardized clinical periodontal assessments.</p>","PeriodicalId":7306,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1069-1077"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144688605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Esomeprazole inhibits liver inflammation and carcinogenesis by suppressing farnesoid X receptors and NF-κB signaling.","authors":"Chia-Chia Lu, Yi-Chin Yang, Yi-Wen Hung, Yen-Chun Peng","doi":"10.17219/acem/191596","DOIUrl":"10.17219/acem/191596","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The activity of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) hinders the function of proton pumps that generate stomach acid. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) is a transcriptional factor engaged in inflammation, immunity and the formation of cancer. The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a nuclear receptor that governs the metabolism of bile acids and the metabolic functioning of the liver. The impact of PPIs on the signaling of FXRs and NF-κB is not well understood.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We aimed to study the effects of esomeprazole on FXRs and NF-κB signaling in liver cells.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>For the liver cell model, we used the human liver cell line HepaG2. Cells were treated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and esomeprazole, and then we assessed the effects of esomeprazole on inflammatory and carcinogenic markers, NF-κB and FXR. We applied the techniques of western blotting, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), confocal microscopic imaging, and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Lipopolysaccharides-induced FXRs and NF-κB signaling upregulated the NF-κB-associated cytokines interleukin 6 (IL-6), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Esomeprazole inhibited the upregulation of all these cytokines. Additionally, esomeprazole inhibited LPS-induced FXR expression and NF-κB signaling in HepaG2 cells. The net effect on FXRs and NF-κB signaling was the lower levels of the associated inflammatory and carcinogenic cytokines.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study provides insight into the potential therapeutic effects of esomeprazole on hepatic inflammation and carcinogenesis by inhibiting LPS-induced NF-κB and FXR expression in HepG2 cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":7306,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1183-1189"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142764802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact of vitamin D supplementation on symptom severity and quality of life in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: A meta-analysis.","authors":"Shuang Qi, Meng Zhao, Yinuo Sun, Sunaina Boro, Bhawna Arora, Sanjay Rastogi","doi":"10.17219/acem/191463","DOIUrl":"10.17219/acem/191463","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vitamin D supplementation could offer irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients significant improvements in terms of symptom severity and overall quality of life (QoL). Yet, the potential benefits and risks associated with vitamin D supplementation still require additional investigation.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We aimed to evaluate the impact of vitamin D supplementation on IBS using a systematic review and meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A comprehensive search was carried out utilizing 4 electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library) to identify articles published in English-language peer-reviewed journals. The odds ratios (ORs), risk ratios (RRs) and mean differences (MDs), along with their respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), were computed. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the appropriate p-value and Cochrane Q and I2 statistics. For the analysis, RevMan 5.3 was utilized.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nine randomized controlled trials involving a total of 780 participants were included in this study. Vitamin D supplementation, in adolescents and young adults with IBS, improves the IBS symptoms severity score, QoL and serum 25(OH)D levels compared to controls. We obtained an OR of 2.34 (95% CI: 1.56-3.50) for change in the IBS severity scoring system (IBS-SSS), OR = 2.51 (95% CI: 1.71-3.70) for change in QoL, low risk of any adverse events (RR 0.49 (95% CI: 0.35-0.69)), and substantial changes in serum 25(OH)D level (MD = 11.29 (95% CI: 7.13-15.45)). Results were statistically significant (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Vitamin D supplementation could lead to better IBS management with a low risk of adverse events.</p>","PeriodicalId":7306,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1091-1104"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143031748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Microbial metabolomics in acute myeloid leukemia: From pathogenesis to treatment.","authors":"Aneta Nowicka, Lidia Gil","doi":"10.17219/acem/191559","DOIUrl":"10.17219/acem/191559","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the most common leukemia in adults, is a biologically heterogeneous disease arising from clonally proliferating hematopoietic stem cells. Increased appreciation of novel genetic methods has improved the understanding of AML biology. Recently, the emerging field of metabolomics has indicated qualitative and quantitative alterations in metabolic profiles in AML pathogenesis, progression and treatment. Multiple metabolic and molecular pathways regulate human metabolism and host-microbiome interactions may significantly affect this biochemical machinery. Microbiota have been found to play a significant role in hematopoietic function, metabolism and immunity, contributing to AML occurrence. A large number of studies have highlighted the importance of the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota (GM) in response to treatment and prognosis in AML. Moreover, strong evidence emphasizes the detrimental link between dysbiosis and infectious complications, a leading cause of morbidity and mortality for patients with AML. Several microbiota-related mechanisms have been linked to particular changes in host physiology so far, and microbial-derived metabolites belong to one of the most important. Circulating in the body, they modulate human conditions both locally and systemically. The extensive and diverse repertoire of bacterial metabolic functions plays a critical role in numerous processes, including leukemogenesis. Integrative analysis of microbiome and metabolome data is a promising avenue for better understanding the complex relationship between the microbiota, biochemical alterations and AML pathogenesis to effectively prevent, treat and mitigate its outcomes. This review concentrates on the pathologic roles and therapeutic implications of microbe-derived metabolites in AML settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":7306,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1201-1212"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142455722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prognostic value of inflammation-related model in hepatitis B acute-on-chronic liver failure.","authors":"Huaqian Xu, Xue Li, Yue Zhuo, Chunyan Li, Chengzhi Bai, Jie Chen, Shanhong Tang","doi":"10.17219/acem/192624","DOIUrl":"10.17219/acem/192624","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is characterized by rapid onset, rapid development and a high short-term mortality rate. Systemic inflammation exerts an effect on the disease progression of ACLF.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The purposes of this study were to explore the clinical significance that the inflammatory response has on the disease process of hepatitis B virus acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) patients, to further compare the values of different inflammation-related biomarkers in the prognosis evaluation of HBV-ACLF patients, and to combine inflammatory-related markers to establish a new prediction model.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Baseline admission data and 90-day outcomes were collected from 247 patients who met the inclusion criteria. According to the 90-day survival situation, they were divided into a survival group and a death group. The differences in baseline data and inflammation levels between the 2 groups were compared. A regression model was used to analyze the risk factors for 90-day mortality and establish a new model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study found that the differences between the survival group and the death group were statistically significant in terms of age, total bilirubin (Tbil), prothrombin time (PT), international standardized ratio (INR), inflammation level, and model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) series scores (p < 0.05). The monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR)-integrated iMELD model (MLR-iMELD) can effectively predict the 90-day survival rate of HBV-ACLF patients. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUROC) of the new model was 0.792, and the best cutoff for predicting the prognosis of 90 days for patients was -0.33 (sensitivity 0.577 and specificity 0.898).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The higher the level of inflammation in patients with HBV-ACLF, the greater the risk of 90-day death. Compared with other inflammation-related markers, the MLR-iMELD model can better predict the 90-day survival rate of HBV-ACLF patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":7306,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1131-1138"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142646808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigation of integron gene cassettes in trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates.","authors":"Cihat Öztürk, Rukiye Akyol, Sadık Küçükgünay, Elif Sevim","doi":"10.17219/acem/191058","DOIUrl":"10.17219/acem/191058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The spread of antibiotic-resistance genes among healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) poses serious problems in the treatment of these infections. Recently, these resistance genes have also been shown to be present in integrons.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>By focusing on integron-mediated mechanisms of antibiotic resistance, we sought to elucidate the genetic determinants underpinning the development of multidrug resistance in clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>In this study, 27 TMP-SXT-resistant A. baumannii isolates were obtained from various clinical samples. Class I and class II integrons were determined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Samples were sent for DNA sequence analysis of the integron to a private firm (BMLabosis, Ankara, Turkey). The similarities of the DNA sequences with the associated integron were determined using National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) GenBank.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>While all isolates were resistant to TMT-SXT and gentamicin, amikacin and tobramycin resistance rates were detected as 70% and 26%, respectively. Class I and class II integrons were found in 1 strain and 2 isolates, respectively. It was also determined that the dfrA12 gene and the aadA2 gene were found in the class I integrons. It was determined that 2 isolates carrying class II integron had dfrA1 and sat2 genes. Both class I and class II integrons were detected in 1 of these isolates.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite the low integron detection in the resistant isolates, with the detection of class I and class II integrons among A. baumannii isolates, it was determined that HAIs could spread very rapidly within the hospital and cause multidrug resistance. This study reveals the need for comprehensive surveillance and molecular characterization of integron-mediated resistance mechanisms to inform effective strategies to combat infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) A. baumannii.</p>","PeriodicalId":7306,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1175-1181"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142826795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact of intravenous infusion of lidocaine on intrapulmonary shunt and postoperative cognitive function in patients undergoing one-lung ventilation.","authors":"Dawei Yang, Qian Yang, Yixing Wang, Fengxia Liu, Zhi Xing, Shitong Li, Jianyou Zhang","doi":"10.17219/acem/192879","DOIUrl":"10.17219/acem/192879","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Intravenous infusion of lidocaine as an anesthesia adjuvant can improve patient outcomes, but its impact on intrapulmonary shunt during one-lung ventilation (OLV) has not been clarified.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To determine the effect of intravenous lidocaine infusion on intrapulmonary shunt during OLV and postoperative cognitive function in video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS).</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Sixty patients who underwent OLV for thoracic surgery were randomized to receive intravenous infusion of lidocaine (lidocaine group, n = 30) or normal saline (control group, n = 30) for anesthesia induction. Arterial and venous blood gases were measured during two-lung ventilation and at 15 and 30 min after OLV (OLV + 15 and OLV + 30). The Mini-Mental State Examination was administered before the surgery and at postoperative 12 months to assess patient cognitive function.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant difference was found in intrapulmonary shunt fraction (Qs/Qt) between the lidocaine group and the control group at OLV + 15 (p = 0.493) and OLV + 30 (p = 0.754). The lidocaine group used significantly lower doses of propofol and remifentanil compared to the control group (both p < 0.001). Furthermore, no significant difference was observed in the incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction between the lidocaine group and the control group at 1 year post-operation (3.3% vs 6.7%, p = 0.554).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Intravenous lidocaine administered in VATS had no significant impact on intrapulmonary shunt during OLV or postoperative cognitive function. However, it significantly reduced the doses of anesthetics used during the surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":7306,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1139-1144"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142581994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Turkan Dubus, Gokce Cangel, Fatih Kesmezacar, Aziz Ari
{"title":"Surgical approach to pulmonary metastases and its impact on prognosis.","authors":"Turkan Dubus, Gokce Cangel, Fatih Kesmezacar, Aziz Ari","doi":"10.17219/acem/191597","DOIUrl":"10.17219/acem/191597","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pulmonary metastasectomy (PM) is an important procedure for the treatment of metastatic nodules in the lung. The choice of surgical approach, whether thoracotomy or video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS), remains controversial in terms of the impact on patient prognosis.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes and impact on survival of patients undergoing PM with VATS compared to thoracotomy.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A retrospective evaluation of 136 patients who underwent PM between September 2012 and July 2020 was performed. Data on the demographics, primary tumor histopathology, metastatic features, surgical approach, surgical outcomes, and survival status were analyzed. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, survival analysis and Cox regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the participants, 84 underwent thoracotomy and 52 underwent VATS. The median survival time of thoracotomized patients was 86.6 months, while it was 99.6 months for VATS patients. A gender-specific analysis revealed a significantly longer survival time for female VATS patients compared to thoracotomy. Multivariate analysis showed significant independent effects of specific tumor types and the number of nodes removed on survival. Overall, no significant difference in survival was found between the 2 surgical methods.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both VATS and thoracotomy are effective and safe options for PM. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery may offer advantages, particularly in certain patient groups and tumor types, potentially prolonging survival. Gender-specific analyses suggest a survival benefit of VATS, particularly in women. Further studies are needed to validate these results and optimize surgical decision-making in PM.</p>","PeriodicalId":7306,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1113-1121"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142789479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development and validation of a model to preoperatively predict the risk of placenta accreta spectrum in women with placenta previa.","authors":"Bohui Zhou, Junfang Lian, Yanping Wang, Yanling Yang, Hua Bai, Suhui Wu","doi":"10.17219/acem/191828","DOIUrl":"10.17219/acem/191828","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Placenta previa, occurring when the placenta covers the cervical opening after 28 weeks, can lead to severe postpartum bleeding, especially when coupled with placenta accreta spectrum (PAS), posing risks of organ damage and necessitating hysterectomy. Accurate preoperative diagnosis of PAS in women with placenta previa is crucial to reduce adverse outcomes.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to develop a risk prediction model for PAS in women with placenta previa.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A total of 437 patients with placenta previa, delivering babies between January 2012 and December 2018, were included. Data collected encompassed clinical records, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and sonographic findings. Utilizing univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, the study identified key factors correlated with PAS in expectant mothers with placenta previa. A risk prediction model was formulated and evaluated through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. External validation was performed using additional patients diagnosed with placenta previa.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Independent risk factors for PAS in placenta previa included NLR, timing of cesarean section and miscarriage, placenta previa type, presence of placental lacunae, and uterovesical hypervascularity. The predictive model was established using specific coefficients. The ROC curve indicated an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.821, with a sensitivity of 80.6% and specificity of 68.9%. External validation demonstrated a diagnosis coincidence rate of 75%, and the model exhibited good calibration according to the Hosmer-Lemeshow test (p = 0.3742, >0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The developed model showed effective potential in predicting PAS among women with placenta previa. Its application could significantly contribute to the early detection and subsequent management of PAS.</p>","PeriodicalId":7306,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1145-1153"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142826793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Novel strategies of glutathione depletion in photodynamic and chemodynamic therapy: A review.","authors":"Daniel Wolny, Mateusz Stojko, Alicja Zajdel","doi":"10.17219/acem/191025","DOIUrl":"10.17219/acem/191025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer remains a health problem worldwide; therefore, developing new therapies to increase the effectiveness of anticancer treatments is necessary. Two such methods are photodynamic therapy (PDT) and chemodynamic therapy (CDT). The intensive growth and increased metabolism of tumors lead to elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within cancer cells. These cells develop several antioxidant mechanisms to protect them from this oxidative stress. Antioxidants also make tumors more resistant to chemotherapy and radiation. Glutathione (GSH) is an important and the most abundant endogenous cellular antioxidant. Photodynamic therapy and CDT are new methods that are based on the production of ROS,‑ therefore increasing oxidative stress in cancer cells. A significant problem with these therapies is the increased GSH levels, which is an adaptation of cancer cells to augmented metabolic processes. This paper presents various GSH depletion strategies that are used to improve PDT and CDT. While the main goal of GSH depletion in both PDT and CDT is to prevent its interaction with the ROS generated by these therapies, it should be remembered that the reduction of its level itself may initiate pathways leading to cancer cell death.</p>","PeriodicalId":7306,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1213-1221"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142278813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}