Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Author guidelines in the AI era: Writing for readers, search engines, and reproducibility. Insights from editorial practice.","authors":"Marek Misiak, Donata Kurpas","doi":"10.17219/acem/218743","DOIUrl":"10.17219/acem/218743","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Scientific journals establish author guidelines to ensure manuscript consistency, enhance readability, and maintain editorial standards. However, the rationale behind specific requirements is not always apparent to submitting authors, leading to misunderstandings and noncompliance. This editorial examines the instructions for authors currently applied at Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine, explaining the purpose behind selected regulations that may initially seem arbitrary or overly prescriptive. We analyze requirements concerning manuscript titles (sentence case, study design specification, avoidance of nonstandard abbreviations), author affiliations (institutional hierarchy, geographic formatting), ORCID (Open Researcher and Contributor ID) usage, highlights preparation, taxonomic nomenclature (italicization of genus and species, distinction between genes and proteins), laboratory equipment reporting (manufacturer details, catalog numbers, software versions), abbreviation protocols, and supplementary file management. We demonstrate that these requirements serve essential practical functions: improving search engine optimization and discoverability, ensuring experimental reproducibility, preventing taxonomic and nomenclatural confusion, facilitating rigorous peer review, and enhancing reader comprehension across different formats and access points. The editorial also addresses the evolving nature of author guidelines in the era of artificial intelligence (AI) and digital publishing, emphasizing that editorial policies should function as adaptable documents that respond to technological advances and changing scholarly communication practices. By fostering open dialogue between editors and authors regarding the rationale behind publication requirements, journals can maintain high standards while remaining responsive to the legitimate concerns of the research community. We conclude that transparent communication about editorial policies not only improves compliance but also strengthens the collaborative relationship between journals and the researchers they serve.</p>","PeriodicalId":7306,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"745-752"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147759588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postpartum assessment of insulin resistance indicators in mothers with gestational diabetes: A prospective observational case-control study.","authors":"Karolina Karcz, Paulina Gaweł, Barbara Królak-Olejnik","doi":"10.17219/acem/208287","DOIUrl":"10.17219/acem/208287","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is characterized by a higher degree of insulin resistance (IR) than in a normal pregnancy. Several surrogate measures have been proposed to assess insulin sensitivity, including glycated hemoglobin, the Homeostatic Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), and the Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI).</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of the study was to determine whether markers of IR in the 1st week postpartum differ between mothers with GDM and healthy controls, and whether mothers with GDM treated with insulin have significantly different levels of IR markers compared with those treated with diet and physical activity. The association between IR markers, pregnancy outcomes, and maternal glucose profiles based on the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was also investigated.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Among the 70 participants, 50 mothers were diagnosed with GDM; 21 were treated with diet and physical activity (GDM G1), while 29 received insulin therapy (GDM G2). The remaining 20 participants constituted a control group with no history of glucose intolerance before or during pregnancy (non-GDM). A range of statistical methods (e.g., analysis of variance (ANOVA), Kruskal-Wallis test, χ2 test, regression analysis, and cluster analysis) were used to compare data between study groups, with a significance level of α = 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that selected markers of IR in the 1st week after delivery differed significantly between mothers. Mothers with GDM exhibited considerably higher levels of HOMA-IR and HbA1c (p < 0.05), yet no substantially divergent QUICKI (p > 0.05) in the 1st week postpartum. Additionally, they demonstrated elevated glucose levels at 3 OGTT time points in comparison with non-GDM mothers. The GDM G2 group exhibited higher values than the GDM G1 group, except for the 1 h OGTT. Identification of maternal glucose phenotypes confirmed variability in the degree of glucose metabolism disorders among mothers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Cluster analysis and glucose phenotype stratification in mothers with GDM help identify high-risk groups and support targeted counseling and monitoring to improve pregnancy outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":7306,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"779-794"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147466605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arthroscopic vs open surgery for shoulder dislocation and instability: A network meta-analysis of treatment outcomes.","authors":"Chenghong Wen, Qiang Hua, Wenduo Qian, Jide Su, Mingming Lei","doi":"10.17219/acem/208614","DOIUrl":"10.17219/acem/208614","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>No comprehensive comparative research has been conducted to evaluate open Bankart (OB), arthroscopic Bankart (AB), open Latarjet (OL), and arthroscopic Latarjet (AL) simultaneously across all relevant clinical outcomes and parameters.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To compare the efficacy of OB, AB, OL, and AL procedures in the treatment of shoulder dislocation.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The databases PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were utilized for the literature search. The study evaluated recurrent instability, re-dislocation, apprehension, functional outcomes, and postoperative pain. The results were visually represented through network diagrams, forest plots, league tables, and rank probability plots to provide a comprehensive understanding of each outcome.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 37 studies were included in the analysis. Individuals who underwent OL experienced a notably reduced risk of recurrent instability compared with those who underwent AB (random-effects model pooled relative risk (RR) = 0.34, 95% credible interval (95% CrI): 0.24-0.48) and OB (random-effects model pooled RR = 0.51, 95% CrI: 0.31-0.85). The risk of re-dislocation was also significantly lower for patients treated with OL compared with AB (pooled RR = 0.15, 95% CrI: 0.04-0.45). While not statistically significant, the OL procedure tended to have the lowest risk of apprehension and the highest Subjective Shoulder Value (SSV) score. Regarding postoperative pain, patients who underwent OB had the highest likelihood of attaining the lowest scores on the visual analogue scale (VAS). In addition, OL was associated with the highest probability of complications.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The open Latarjet procedure appears to offer superior shoulder stability; however, while functional outcomes for patients undergoing OL are likely to be non-inferior, the procedure is not significantly associated with reduced postoperative pain as measured with the VAS score. Additionally, the OL procedure is associated with an increased likelihood of complications. Consequently, it is essential to implement preventive measures to manage postoperative pain and address potential complications following OL procedure.</p>","PeriodicalId":7306,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"765-778"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147626442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Platelet-rich plasma plus hyaluronic acid vs platelet-rich plasma intra-articular injections for knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Marcin Tomaszewski, Jacek Smereka, Mahdi Al-Jeabory, Piotr Fudalej, Michał Pruc, Maciej W Krupowies, Zuzanna Gaca, Łukasz Szarpak","doi":"10.17219/acem/209523","DOIUrl":"10.17219/acem/209523","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a common condition characterized by pain, stiffness, and reduced function, significantly impacting quality of life.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the combined use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and hyaluronic acid (HA) compared to PRP alone in treating KOA. The hypothesis was that PRP + HA would provide superior outcomes in pain relief and functional improvement due to their complementary biological effects.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. The analysis included 11 trials with a total of 892 participants. The studies compared the efficacy of PRP + HA compared to PRP alone. Key outcomes evaluated were changes in the visual analogue scale (VAS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), and Inter-national Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months post-treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At baseline, no significant differences in VAS scores were observed between the 2 groups (5.82 ±2.71 for PRP + HA vs 5.66 ±2.96 for PRP). By the 6-month follow-up, PRP + HA showed a more substantial reduction in VAS scores (-2.83 ±1.60 vs -2.56 ±1.66; standardized mean difference (SMD) = -1.08, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): -2.22 to 0.05; p < 0.001), with the largest improvement seen at 24 months (-2.7 ±0.2 for PRP + HA vs 0.4 ±0.23 for PRP; SMD = -14.10, 95% CI: -17.41 to -10.79; p < 0.001). WOMAC scores at 12 months also favored the PRP + HA group (-25.26 ±15.24 vs -19.6 ±14.20; SMD = -0.95; p = 0.01). IKDC scores showed no significant differences between groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The combination of PRP and HA provides superior pain relief and functional improvement compared to PRP alone, particularly at 6 and 24 months. These findings support the inclusion of PRP + HA in KOA treatment protocols and warrant further investigation into its long-term benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":7306,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"753-764"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147866414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy for microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) and mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR) colorectal cancer: Insights from the tumor immune microenvironment.","authors":"Yu Zhao, Li Li, Bo Zhang, Bin Li, Wenjing Zhou","doi":"10.17219/acem/208178","DOIUrl":"10.17219/acem/208178","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review systematically analyzes the relationship between the immune microenvironment characteristics of microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) colorectal cancer (CRC) and the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The article emphasizes that this tumor subtype has a high mutation burden, abundant neoantigens, and significant immune cell infiltration, explaining its high sensitivity to immunotherapy, while also pointing out that some patients exhibit primary non-response or subsequent resistance. Based on single-cell and spatial omics, as well as multi-omics integration analyses, the authors reveal the complexity and heterogeneity of key immune cell subpopulations, spatial distribution, and resistance mechanisms (such as abnormal Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathways, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) loss, and metabolic reprogramming, and propose the necessity of multi-time-point dynamic monitoring and multimodal combination therapy. The study underscores that, in the future, standardized data integration and the establishment of artificial intelligence (AI) prediction models will be required to facilitate the implementation of precise, individualized immunotherapy strategies, thereby further improving clinical efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":7306,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"929-938"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148040678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of patient-physician communication and disease knowledge on treatment adherence in glaucoma patients.","authors":"Katarzyna Malewicz, Mariusz Chabowski, Jakub Staś, Anna Maria Cybulska, Anna Szymańska-Chabowska, Beata Jankowska-Polańska","doi":"10.17219/acem/208352","DOIUrl":"10.17219/acem/208352","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Glaucoma is a chronic, progressive optic neuropathy that can lead to irreversible blindness if left untreated. It is the leading cause of irreversible blindness globally. Effective management relies heavily on the control of intraocular pressure (IOP), typically through lifelong pharmacological treatment, but adherence to therapy is often a challenge due to the asymptomatic nature of the disease.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive influence of the doctor-patient relationship, the quality of communication between doctor and patient, patient knowledge about glaucoma, and quality of life when adhering to therapeutic recommendations among a group of Polish glaucoma patients.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This study was conducted at the Ophthalmology Outpatient Clinic of the University Clinical Hospital in Wrocław, Poland. A total of 190 patients were enrolled, and adherence to treatment was assessed using the Adherence to Refills and Medications Scale (ARMS). Additional variables included patient-physician communication (CAT-14), relationship quality (PDRQ-9), visual function (NEI VFQ-25), and glaucoma knowledge (GKQ-10).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results indicated that 58.9% of patients showed low adherence to their prescribed treatment. Satisfaction with doctor-patient communication, higher levels of knowledge about glaucoma, and better visual function were significantly associated with better adherence. The quality of the patient-physician relationship, while not statistically significant, also showed potential positive effects on adherence.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Improving patient education and enhancing the quality of communication between healthcare providers and patients are critical to increasing adherence to glaucoma treatment. Importantly, the study provides a valuable evidence base for developing adherence-enhancing strategies within the Polish healthcare system. Given the scarcity of such data in Central and Eastern Europe, our results may also inform similar efforts in the region. Designing culturally sensitive and system-specific interventions, such as brief communication training for ophthalmologists or structured patient education programs, could help address persistent adherence challenges in chronic ophthalmic care.</p>","PeriodicalId":7306,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"795-808"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147289126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Balancing osteogenesis and adipogenesis in osteogenesis imperfecta: PLIN2 and E2F2 as key targets for mesenchymal stem cell therapy.","authors":"Xishun Wang, Zhenjiang Liu, Xinyong Hu, Yinpeng Cui","doi":"10.17219/acem/208840","DOIUrl":"10.17219/acem/208840","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) necessitates innovative mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapies targeting key molecular pathways to enhance targeted and combination treatments and improve bone health.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate the therapeutic mechanisms of various interventions for OI by analyzing relevant datasets, with a focus on lipid metabolism-related genes, particularly PLIN2, in order to determine whether they influence the balance between osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This study analyzed datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO; GSE157587, GSE214064, GSE186141) and UK Biobank genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics (UKB-b-4657, UKB-b-1096, UKB-b-8875, UKB-b-20124) using bioinformatics tools, including GEO2R, DESeq2, TwoSampleMR, MR-Egger, MR-PRESSO, gwasrapidd, and summary data-based Mendelian randomization (MR), to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and assess causal relationships with heel bone mineral density (BMD).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Differentially expressed genes analysis of GSE157587 identified PLIN2 as the most significant gene influenced by MSC therapy in OI (log2 fold change = 0.428, adjusted p = 3.29 × 10-6), whereas GSE186141 revealed 770 DEGs in OI patients, with 7 overlapping with PLIN2-related genes. Notably, TNFRSF19 (log2 fold change = -2.7454, adjusted p = 3.930 × 10-7 in OI; 1.5001, adjusted p = 3.482 × 10-3 in PLIN2 knockdown) and E2F2 (log2 fold change = -2.1428, adjusted p = 8.830 × 10-5 in OI; 1.7207, adjusted p = 1.244 × 10-2 in PLIN2 knockdown) were identified as key genes. Mendelian randomization analysis confirmed a negative association between E2F2 and heel BMD (p = 1.116 × 10-7 to 6.073 × 10-5; effect size -0.0461 to -0.0277).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PLIN2 and E2F2 emerge as critical targets for refining MSC therapy in OI, with the potential to improve bone formation and reduce fat accumulation by restoring the osteogenesis-adipogenesis balance. These findings may support the development of combination therapies or engineered MSCs, ultimately improving clinical outcomes for patients with OI.</p>","PeriodicalId":7306,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"835-846"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148025524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic biomarker screening for drug-resistant epilepsy in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).","authors":"Dina Kalinina, Alimzhan Muxunov, Zhassulan Utebekov, Gaziz Kyrgyzbay, Darkhan Kimadiev, Guldana Zhumabaeva, Joseph Almazan, Antonio Sarria-Santamera","doi":"10.17219/acem/209664","DOIUrl":"10.17219/acem/209664","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) presents a major clinical and economic challenge, particularly in lowand middle-income countries (LMICs), where healthcare resources are limited and treatment gaps remain significant. Although epilepsy surgery remains the most effective intervention for eligible DRE patients, outcomes are variable, with success rates ranging from 30% to 70%. Emerging evidence suggests that genetic biomarkers can inform patient selection, predict surgical outcomes, and guide treatment planning. This review explores the potential of integrating genetic testing into presurgical evaluation protocols in LMICs. It examines the role of specific gene mutations in pharmacoresistance, seizure localization, and structural brain abnormalities, with a focus on improving surgical success rates and reducing unnecessary interventions. Incorporating genetic stratification into clinical decision-making could enhance cost-effectiveness, minimize the burden on healthcare systems, and support the development of personalized treatment pathways. Advancing genetic research and building capacity in precision neurology are essential steps toward improving DRE management in resource-constrained settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":7306,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"919-928"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147969583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TRPC3 induces intervertebral disc degeneration by mediating the Ca2+/NF-κB pathway to inhibit autophagy.","authors":"Yingchao Gao, Ning Zhang, Jun-Fei Zhang, Zhengqi Fei","doi":"10.17219/acem/207572","DOIUrl":"10.17219/acem/207572","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is the primary cause of lower back pain. Transient receptor potential canonical 3 (TRPC3) is a nonselective cation channel permeable to Ca2+.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study explores the mechanisms by which the TRPC3-mediated Ca2+/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway regulates autophagy in IDD.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>An IDD rat model was established using the annulus fibrosus puncture method and was treated with local intraspinal injection of adeno-associated virus (AAV)-shRNA targeting TRPC3. Primary human nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) were transfected with TRPC3 siRNA and subsequently treated with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC; an NF-κB inhibitor), rapamycin (RAPA), or 3-methyladenine (3-MA), respectively. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, immunohistochemistry, western blotting, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and flow cytometry were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TRPC3 expression was significantly increased in IDD rats (p < 0.05). TRPC3 shRNA ameliorated histopathological damage in IDD rats and promoted the expression of autophagy-related protein 5 (ATG5), Beclin-1, and LC3-II (all p < 0.05). In vitro, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) increased Ca2+ levels, siRNA TRPC3 reduced them, and PDTC further decreased them (p < 0.05). In addition, siRNA TRPC3 increased the expression of ATG5, Beclin-1, and the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio and inhibited phosphorylation of p-NF-κB p65 in NPCs (p < 0.05). Transmission electron microscopy and flow cytometry showed that siRNA TRPC3-induced autophagy promoted apoptosis in NPCs (p < 0.05). Furthermore, siRNA TRPC3 increased the levels of aggrecan and collagen II and decreased matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) expression (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>TRPC3 exacerbates IDD by inhibiting protective autophagy via activation of the Ca2+/NF-κB signaling pathway. Knockdown of TRPC3 promotes autophagy, which in turn influences NPC apoptosis and extracellular matrix (ECM) metabolism. This study offers potential novel strategies for IDD prevention and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":7306,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"819-833"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147832281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electromyographic activity of the orbicularis oris muscle in children with and without lip competence: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Liliana Szyszka-Sommerfeld, Monika E Machoy, Jacek Świtała, Magdalena Sycińska-Dziarnowska, Krzysztof Woźniak, Gianrico Spagnuolo, Luigi Esposito, Carlo Rengo","doi":"10.17219/acem/208381","DOIUrl":"10.17219/acem/208381","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The \"equilibrium theory\" posits that the tongue and perioral muscles, including the orbicularis oris (OO) muscle, function synergistically to maintain balanced tooth positioning. Surface electromyography (sEMG) is a valuable, nonivasive method for assessing muscle activity. However, previous electromyographic (EMG) studies comparing lip muscle activity in children with and without lip competence (LC) have yielded inconsistent results. Therefore, further research is needed to clarify OO muscle activity patterns in this population.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of the study was to evaluate the EMG activity of the superior (SOO) and inferior orbicularis oris (IOO) muscles in children with and without LC.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The sample comprised 30 children with lip incompetence (LI) (mean age 9.46 ± 1.76 years) and 30 children with LC (mean age 8.85 ± 1.52 years). Electromyographic recordings of the SOO and IOO muscles were obtained using a DAB Bluetooth Instrument (Zebris Medical GmbH, Isny im Allgäu, Germany) at clinical rest, during saliva swallowing, lip protrusion (\"kissing\" position), lip compression, and while articulating the syllables /pa/, /ba/, and /ma/. Statistical analyses were performed using Stata v. 11.0 (StataCorp, College Station, USA). The level of significance was set at p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Electromyographic activity of the SOO and IOO muscles during saliva swallowing (p < 0.001, adjusted p (padj) = 0.002) and lip compression (p = 0.001, padj = 0.013 for SOO; p < 0.001, padj = 0.005 for IOO) was significantly greater in children with LI compared to those with LC. Similar EMG activity at rest and during speech production was observed in children with and without LC.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Children with LI demonstrate increased SOO and IOO muscle activity during saliva swallowing and lip compression, suggesting greater muscular effort is required to achieve lip seal. This increased activity may disturb the muscular force balance essential for proper maxillofacial growth and could contribute to the development of malocclusion.</p>","PeriodicalId":7306,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"809-818"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147687340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}