Elżbieta Rutkowska, Iwona Kwiecień, Agata Raniszewska, Krzysztof Kłos, Iwona Melnicka, Piotr Rzepecki, Andrzej Chciałowski
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The search for simple and quick diagnostic methods enabling the identification of patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus may be a valuable method to track infection.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of the study was the clinical and immunological characterization of patients by assessing the degrees of maturity of T lymphocytes from the 1st and 5th waves of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in comparison to a healthy control group (HC).</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>We determined leukocyte and T lymphocyte subpopulations (recent thymic emigrant (RTE), naïve, effector, central memory and effector memory) in patients from the 1st COVID-19 wave (n = 23), the 5th COVID-19 wave (n = 38) and HC (n=20) using a panel of monoclonal antibodies using multiparameter flow cytometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed a lower median proportion of lymphocytes and NK cells, and elevated percentage and number of neutrophils in patients from the 5th wave compared to the 1st. We found a reduced percentage of CD4+ effector memory cells in the 1st wave group compared to the 5th wave (14.1 vs 23.2, p < 0.05), and a higher percentage of RTE and naïve CD8+ cells in the 1st wave compared to the 5th wave (p < 0.05). The effector memory CD8+ cells were highest in the 5th wave compared to both 1st wave and HC patients (respectively, 35.1 vs 18.1 vs 19.3%, p < 0.05). The 5th wave group showed significantly more differences compared to HC.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results showed a clear increase of effector cells with a simultaneous decrease in virgin T cells in the 5th COVID-19 infection. Monitoring lymphocyte subsets during infection allows assessment of the patient's immune status and of readiness of lymphocytes to respond to the immune response, and may be necessary to improve clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":7306,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"393-405"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Comparison of T cell maturation profiles in the 1st and 5th wave of COVID-19 in the Polish population.\",\"authors\":\"Elżbieta Rutkowska, Iwona Kwiecień, Agata Raniszewska, Krzysztof Kłos, Iwona Melnicka, Piotr Rzepecki, Andrzej Chciałowski\",\"doi\":\"10.17219/acem/186813\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The coronavirus pandemic has become the most critical global health threat of this century and the greatest challenge to the human population. The search for simple and quick diagnostic methods enabling the identification of patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus may be a valuable method to track infection.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of the study was the clinical and immunological characterization of patients by assessing the degrees of maturity of T lymphocytes from the 1st and 5th waves of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in comparison to a healthy control group (HC).</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>We determined leukocyte and T lymphocyte subpopulations (recent thymic emigrant (RTE), naïve, effector, central memory and effector memory) in patients from the 1st COVID-19 wave (n = 23), the 5th COVID-19 wave (n = 38) and HC (n=20) using a panel of monoclonal antibodies using multiparameter flow cytometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed a lower median proportion of lymphocytes and NK cells, and elevated percentage and number of neutrophils in patients from the 5th wave compared to the 1st. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
背景:冠状病毒大流行已成为本世纪最严重的全球健康威胁和人类面临的最大挑战。寻找简单、快速的诊断方法来识别 SARS-CoV-2 病毒感染者,可能是追踪感染情况的一种有价值的方法:本研究的目的是通过评估 2019 年冠状病毒病(COVID-19)第 1 波和第 5 波患者的 T 淋巴细胞成熟度,与健康对照组(HC)进行比较,从而确定患者的临床和免疫学特征:我们利用多参数流式细胞术,使用一组单克隆抗体测定了COVID-19第1波(n=23)、COVID-19第5波(n=38)和HC(n=20)患者的白细胞和T淋巴细胞亚群(新近胸腺移出者(RTE)、幼稚型、效应型、中枢记忆型和效应记忆型):我们观察到,与第 1 波相比,第 5 波患者的淋巴细胞和 NK 细胞的中位比例较低,中性粒细胞的比例和数量较高。我们发现,与第 5 波相比,第 1 波组的 CD4+ 效应记忆细胞比例降低(14.1 vs 23.2,p < 0.05),与第 5 波相比,第 1 波组的 RTE 和幼稚 CD8+ 细胞比例升高(p < 0.05)。与第 1 波和 HC 患者相比,第 5 波患者的效应记忆 CD8+ 细胞比例最高(分别为 35.1 vs 18.1 vs 19.3%,P < 0.05)。与 HC 相比,第 5 波组的差异明显更大:我们的研究结果表明,在第 5 次 COVID-19 感染中,效应细胞明显增加,原始 T 细胞同时减少。在感染期间监测淋巴细胞亚群可评估患者的免疫状态和淋巴细胞对免疫反应的准备情况,这对改善临床结果可能是必要的。
Comparison of T cell maturation profiles in the 1st and 5th wave of COVID-19 in the Polish population.
Background: The coronavirus pandemic has become the most critical global health threat of this century and the greatest challenge to the human population. The search for simple and quick diagnostic methods enabling the identification of patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus may be a valuable method to track infection.
Objectives: The aim of the study was the clinical and immunological characterization of patients by assessing the degrees of maturity of T lymphocytes from the 1st and 5th waves of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in comparison to a healthy control group (HC).
Material and methods: We determined leukocyte and T lymphocyte subpopulations (recent thymic emigrant (RTE), naïve, effector, central memory and effector memory) in patients from the 1st COVID-19 wave (n = 23), the 5th COVID-19 wave (n = 38) and HC (n=20) using a panel of monoclonal antibodies using multiparameter flow cytometry.
Results: We observed a lower median proportion of lymphocytes and NK cells, and elevated percentage and number of neutrophils in patients from the 5th wave compared to the 1st. We found a reduced percentage of CD4+ effector memory cells in the 1st wave group compared to the 5th wave (14.1 vs 23.2, p < 0.05), and a higher percentage of RTE and naïve CD8+ cells in the 1st wave compared to the 5th wave (p < 0.05). The effector memory CD8+ cells were highest in the 5th wave compared to both 1st wave and HC patients (respectively, 35.1 vs 18.1 vs 19.3%, p < 0.05). The 5th wave group showed significantly more differences compared to HC.
Conclusions: Our results showed a clear increase of effector cells with a simultaneous decrease in virgin T cells in the 5th COVID-19 infection. Monitoring lymphocyte subsets during infection allows assessment of the patient's immune status and of readiness of lymphocytes to respond to the immune response, and may be necessary to improve clinical outcomes.
期刊介绍:
Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine has been published by the Wroclaw Medical University since 1992. Establishing the medical journal was the idea of Prof. Bogumił Halawa, Chair of the Department of Cardiology, and was fully supported by the Rector of Wroclaw Medical University, Prof. Zbigniew Knapik. Prof. Halawa was also the first editor-in-chief, between 1992-1997. The journal, then entitled "Postępy Medycyny Klinicznej i Doświadczalnej", appeared quarterly.
Prof. Leszek Paradowski was editor-in-chief from 1997-1999. In 1998 he initiated alterations in the profile and cover design of the journal which were accepted by the Editorial Board. The title was changed to Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine. Articles in English were welcomed. A number of outstanding representatives of medical science from Poland and abroad were invited to participate in the newly established International Editorial Staff.
Prof. Antonina Harłozińska-Szmyrka was editor-in-chief in years 2000-2005, in years 2006-2007 once again prof. Leszek Paradowski and prof. Maria Podolak-Dawidziak was editor-in-chief in years 2008-2016. Since 2017 the editor-in chief is prof. Maciej Bagłaj.
Since July 2005, original papers have been published only in English. Case reports are no longer accepted. The manuscripts are reviewed by two independent reviewers and a statistical reviewer, and English texts are proofread by a native speaker.
The journal has been indexed in several databases: Scopus, Ulrich’sTM International Periodicals Directory, Index Copernicus and since 2007 in Thomson Reuters databases: Science Citation Index Expanded i Journal Citation Reports/Science Edition.
In 2010 the journal obtained Impact Factor which is now 1.179 pts. Articles published in the journal are worth 15 points among Polish journals according to the Polish Committee for Scientific Research and 169.43 points according to the Index Copernicus.
Since November 7, 2012, Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine has been indexed and included in National Library of Medicine’s MEDLINE database. English abstracts printed in the journal are included and searchable using PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed.