Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Cardiovascular effects of electronic cigarettes and heated tobacco products: Clinical evidence from a narrative review.","authors":"Silvio Festinese, Dimitris Richter","doi":"10.17219/acem/217292","DOIUrl":"10.17219/acem/217292","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review critically examines the cardiovascular (CV) implications of switching from combustible cigarettes (CCs) to combustion-free nicotine products, namely heated tobacco products (HTPs) and electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes). Noncommunicable diseases, particularly cardiovascular disease (CVD), remain the leading global cause of mortality, with smoking as a major modifiable risk factor. While complete smoking cessation provides the greatest health benefit, many smokers transition to alternative nicotine delivery systems. Evidence from randomized trials, observational studies, and cohort analyses indicates that switching to HTPs or e-cigarettes significantly reduces exposure to harmful and potentially harmful constituents (HPHCs), including carbon monoxide (CO) and carcinogens, with biomarker improvements comparable to those observed after smoking cessation. Short-term studies suggest favorable changes in endothelial function, arterial stiffness, and oxidative stress, although nicotine-containing products may still exert acute CV effects. Long-term data, although limited, indicate a reduced incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) among exclusive users compared with continued smokers. However, heterogeneity in product design, usage patterns, and study methodologies limits the ability to draw definitive conclusions. Overall, current evidence suggests that non-combustible nicotine products may represent a harm reduction strategy for smokers who are unable or unwilling to quit, although they are not risk-free. Further large-scale, long-term studies with clinically relevant endpoints are required to clarify their CV safety profile and to inform evidence-based public health policies.</p>","PeriodicalId":7306,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1471-1483"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147607584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Counteracting obesity discrimination and stigma: A scoping review.","authors":"Karolina Świder, Justyna Z Ledwoch, Mateusz Babicki, Karolina Kłoda, Agnieszka Mastalerz-Migas","doi":"10.17219/acem/212518","DOIUrl":"10.17219/acem/212518","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obesity is a chronic disease that is widespread worldwide. Its diagnosis is based on specific criteria, including a body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2 or waist circumference measurement. The consequences of obesity include type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, an increased risk of infectious complications, cancer, and even death. Patients living with obesity are subjected to constant negative evaluation by society through the process of stigmatization. Available data suggest that people with obesity experience stigma in the workplace, at school, on the Internet, and in healthcare settings. Stigmatization is largely driven by a lack of understanding and knowledge about obesity and its underlying causes. People living with obesity are often judged as lazy and accused of having excessive body weight as a consequence of an inappropriate lifestyle. In Poland, the high level of stigmatization of patients with obesity is accompanied by a low level of knowledge about the disease. However, the willingness to help patients, as declared by medical professionals in Poland, offers hope that appropriate education may improve access to effective treatment. Well-designed educational interventions, social campaigns, and the activities of medical societies in developing guidelines, recommendations, and communication manuals for healthcare professionals working with patients living with obesity should constitute essential elements in the fight against stigma. In addition, cooperation with decision-makers to prevent the exclusion of patients with obesity from the healthcare system is necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":7306,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1485-1494"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148374173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new peer reviewer? Comparing AI with human performance in randomized controlled trial risk-of-bias assessment.","authors":"Jonathan Lettner, Marko Ostojic, Aleksandra Królikowska, Mahmut Enes Kayaalp, Nikolai Ramadanov, Robert Prill","doi":"10.17219/acem/216070","DOIUrl":"10.17219/acem/216070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Risk-of-bias (RoB) assessment is essential for evidence synthesis but remains time-consuming and inherently subjective. Artificial intelligence (AI) may improve the efficiency of systematic reviews; however, its reliability in reproducing expert RoB judgements remains uncertain.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To compare the performance of AI models and human raters in RoB assessment of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using the revised Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tool.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Thirteen RCTs published between 2023 and 2025 in orthopedic journals were independently assessed by 2 human raters (an expert (R1) and a novice (R2)) and 2 AI models (ChatGPT-4.0 (CGPT) and DeepSeek-R1 (DS)) using the 13-domain JBI checklist. Deep-reasoning functionalities (e.g., chain-of-thought prompting) were applied. Inter-rater agreement, deviations from the expert assessment (reference standard), and binary disagreements (e.g., Yes vs No) were analyzed to evaluate consistency.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The AI models demonstrated high inter-model agreement (91%), exceeding human-AI agreement (CGPT vs R1: 64%; DS vs R1: 68%). However, both AI systems showed substantial divergence from expert judgements in interpretive domains, including allocation concealment (Q2), blinding (Q7), and overall trial design (Q13), with deviation rates ranging from 30% to 38.5%. Binary decision reversals were more frequent in AI assessments (CGPT: 8.9%; DS: 7.7%) than in the human comparison (R2 vs R1: 2.4%). Human raters showed stronger agreement in contextual interpretation (R1-R2: 89.3%), whereas AI models performed better in rule-based domains (Q8/Q9: 100% agreement).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>AI can reliably support the automation of objective components of RoB assessment but remains limited in handling interpretive, context-dependent judgements. A hybrid approach combining AI-assisted pre-screening with expert evaluation may enhance the scalability of systematic reviews without compromising methodological rigor.</p>","PeriodicalId":7306,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1445-1453"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147637498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating medication adherence in chronic diseases.","authors":"Izabella Uchmanowicz, Maria Jędrzejczyk, Grzegorz K Jakubiak, Agnieszka Chłopaś-Konowałek, Paolo Iovino, Heba Mohammed Aldossary, Agnieszka Piwowar, Bartosz Uchmanowicz, Katarzyna Lomper, Jacek Gonos, Rafał Jaros, Filip Sawczak, Miłosz Jaguszewski, Aleksandra Kołtuniuk","doi":"10.17219/acem/219664","DOIUrl":"10.17219/acem/219664","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adherence is defined as taking medications as prescribed to achieve a therapeutic outcome. It consists of 3 main components: initiation, implementation, and discontinuation. Methods of assessing adherence can be broadly classified as direct or indirect. Factors influencing adherence include patient-related, therapy-related, and healthcare system-related variables. Poor adherence in chronic disease management leads to a cascade of negative clinical, economic, and psychosocial outcomes. Evidence consistently demonstrates that non-adherence is not merely a patient-level issue but a systemic healthcare challenge. Effective strategies to improve adherence must therefore be comprehensive, targeting barriers at multiple levels to achieve meaningful improvements in patient outcomes and quality of life. These strategies include supporting the initiation phase, improving implementation, and addressing challenges related to treatment discontinuation. This paper presents key findings from a literature review on adherence and its importance in clinical practice, as well as current and emerging strategies to enhance medication adherence among patients with chronic diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":7306,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1455-1469"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147626560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Honey-based dressing vs gelatin sponge for palatal wound healing after free gingival graft harvest: A randomized clinical trial.","authors":"Nela Molga-Chlipała, Bartłomiej Górski","doi":"10.17219/acem/213515","DOIUrl":"10.17219/acem/213515","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) is commonly used in dental procedures and is associated with postoperative discomfort at the palatal donor site. The question is whether the use of a honey-based dressing may improve patients' postoperative experience and promote wound healing.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this study was to compare the effects of a non-adherent viscose net dressing coated with 99% Manuka honey and 1% Manuka oil (Actilite; Advancis Medical, Kirkby-in-Ashfield, UK) and an absorbable hemostatic porcine gelatin sponge (Aegis Lifesciences, Sanand, India) on the healing of the palatal donor site and patient morbidity after free gingival graft (FGG) preparation.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A total of 21 patients (16 females and 5 males) with multiple gingival recessions (GR) were treated using the modified coronally advanced tunnel technique (MCAT) and subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) following FGG de-epithelialization. Two grafts were harvested from both sides of the palate in each patient. Using a split-mouth design, donor sites were randomly assigned to the test group (honey dressing) or the control group (gelatin sponge). The palatal donor sites were evaluated at 1, 2, 4, 7, and 14 days postoperatively for pain, patient discomfort, changes in dietary habits, and burning sensation. Wound healing and delayed bleeding were assessed 2 weeks after surgery.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In both the honey group and the gelatin sponge group, no significant differences were observed in postoperative pain, patient discomfort, burning sensation, or changes in dietary habits at 14 days postoperatively (p > 0.05). No prolonged bleeding was observed during the 2-week follow-up, and wound healing was assessed as \"very good\" after 14 days.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both dressing materials can be successfully used at the palatal donor site after periodontal surgery and result in comparable outcomes in wound healing. Honey dressing may be considered an alternative to traditional dressing methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":7306,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1339-1346"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147832328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors for postoperative complications in Crohn's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Joanna Łosińska, Miłosz Lewandowski, Andrzej Kawiński, Adam Janusz Dziki, Michał Mik","doi":"10.17219/acem/216746","DOIUrl":"10.17219/acem/216746","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Crohn's disease (CD) is a non-specific inflammatory bowel disorder for which no definitive cure is available. The primary management strategy is pharmacological treatment aimed at alleviating symptoms. However, many patients ultimately require surgical intervention to manage complications arising from the disease.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this study was to investigate disease-related factors that may increase the risk of early postoperative complications in patients with CD.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A meta-analysis was conducted based on studies examining early surgical and medical complications following abdominal surgery for CD. The analyzed risk factors included disease duration prior to surgery, history of previous surgeries, presence of concurrent perianal disease, intra-abdominal abscess during surgery, and Montreal classification subtypes A1-3, L1-4, and B1-3. A systematic review was performed using 4 major databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Academic Search Ultimate (EBSCO), and Google Scholar. Outcomes were assessed using the odds ratio (OR) and response ratio (R), together with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Egger's test was used to evaluate publication bias. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic, with I2 > 50% indicating significant variability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 51 articles met the inclusion criteria. The analysis identified several significant risk-increasing factors: history of previous surgeries (OR = 1.39; 95% CI: 1.23-1.57), Montreal classification group B3 (OR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.11-1.42), disease duration before surgery (R = 1.10; 95% CI: 1.02-1.18), and group L2 (OR = 1.38; 95% CI: 1.11-1.72). Conversely, factors associated with a reduced risk of postoperative complications included group L1 (OR = 0.81; 95% CI: 0.71-0.92) and group B2 (OR = 0.81; 95% CI: 0.71-0.91).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This meta-analysis aggregated data from a broad spectrum of patients and treatment settings across multiple institutions worldwide. Although some risk of bias and heterogeneity was observed, the findings nevertheless highlight the importance of considering disease subtype and progression when assessing the likelihood of postoperative complications in patients with CD. This knowledge may be valuable for optimizing treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":7306,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1323-1338"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147571800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in bio-psycho-social aspects of male aging: A comparative study of hospitalized patients (2013-2023).","authors":"Grzegorz Bejda, Agnieszka Korol, Agnieszka Kułak-Bejda, Anna Ślifirczyk, Edyta Rysiak, Wojciech Kułak, Elżbieta Krajewska-Kułak","doi":"10.17219/acem/219333","DOIUrl":"10.17219/acem/219333","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Owing to medical advances and improved living conditions, life expectancy continues to increase. Consequently, population aging poses growing challenges for healthcare systems.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this study was to assess whether men's perceptions of aging have changed between 2013 and 2023.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted in 2013 and 2023 using identical research tools and inclusion criteria. Participants were randomly selected from hospitalized patients in the Podlaskie Province, Poland. The following instruments were used: an original questionnaire, the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), the Generalised Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Inventory of Health Behaviour (IHB), the Androgen Deficiency in Aging Male questionnaire (ADAM), and the Aging Males' Symptoms Scale (AMS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most respondents in both 2013 and 2023 associated old age with declining testosterone levels and considered it to begin after the age of 75. Men generally rated their health as good and regarded andropause as a natural process. Psychological symptoms of aging were reported by 80.5% of respondents in 2013 and 75.9% in 2023, while sexual dysfunction was reported by 65.8% and 63.3%, respectively. More than half of the respondents had no depressive symptoms according to the BDI. Men with high self-efficacy predominated in both study periods.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Respondents' knowledge of the aging process remains incomplete and often inaccurate. Despite this, men generally rated their health positively and perceived andropause as a natural process. Psychological symptoms of aging and sexual dysfunction were reported by a substantial proportion of participants.</p>","PeriodicalId":7306,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1375-1388"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148663333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global patterns and future projections of the burden of adverse effects of medical treatment: Insights from the GBD 2021 study.","authors":"Shuang Zhou, Jiayu Li, Yijia Zhao, Yuhan Shen, Ying Zhou, Wenjun Cai","doi":"10.17219/acem/213771","DOIUrl":"10.17219/acem/213771","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adverse effects of medical treatment (AEMT) represent a global public health issue that imposes a substantial burden on both patients and healthcare systems. As the world's 2nd most populous country, with an advanced healthcare system and broad healthcare coverage, China plays an important role in the global disease burden profile, making its health data particularly relevant.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to analyze global trends in AEMT between 1990 and 2021 using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Data were categorized according to age, sex, region, and Sociodemographic Index (SDI). The study analyzed the incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) associated with AEMT. Future trends in age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) and age-standardized death rates (ASDRs) over the next 15 years were projected using an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2021, the global number of incident AEMT cases reached 12.48 million (95% uncertainty interval (95% UI): 10.89-14.29), representing a 68% increase since 1990. However, the ASIR decreased by 5% over the same period. In China, the number of incident cases reached 343,390 (95% UI: 277,740-427,060), representing a 21% reduction, whereas the ASIR increased by 33%. Globally, the number of DALYs decreased from 5.74 million (95% UI: 4.88-6.61) to 4.85 million (95% UI: 3.91-5.49). A similar decline was observed for years of life lost (YLLs), whereas years lived with disability (YLDs) remained relatively stable. Forecasts indicate a global decline in both ASDR and ASIR over the next 15 years. In contrast, the ASIR is projected to increase in China.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Adverse effects of medical treatment continue to impose a substantial burden worldwide. Regional and age-related disparities highlight the need for improved patient safety strategies. A multifaceted approach that includes health system strengthening, enhanced data collection, targeted interventions, and international collaboration is essential to reduce AEMT and improve patient safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":7306,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1415-1425"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148617962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phase angle from bioelectrical impedance analysis as a reliable marker for malnutrition detection in patients with heart failure.","authors":"Joanna Popiołek-Kalisz, Izabela Jarosz","doi":"10.17219/acem/211866","DOIUrl":"10.17219/acem/211866","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Malnutrition is common among patients with heart failure (HF), yet accurate assessment of nutritional status in this population remains challenging. The phase angle (PhA) derived from bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) has been proposed as a marker of nutritional status at the cellular level; however, concerns persist regarding its dependence on hydration status.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to assess the association between HF and nutritional status, with particular emphasis on phase angle (PhA) measured at 50 kHz, and to evaluate its diagnostic value in comparison with other indices, including the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS 2002), body mass index (BMI), and selected laboratory parameters.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, 270 patients with chronic coronary syndrome were evaluated using laboratory tests, anthropometric measurements, the NRS 2002, and BIA. Patients were stratified according to HF status. Statistical analyses included parametric and non-parametric tests, correlation analyses, multivariable logistic regression models, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Adjustments were made for age, sex, BMI, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), hemoglobin, and extracellular fluid percentage (ECF%).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Heart failure was present in 91 of 270 patients (33.7%). Patients with HF had significantly lower PhA (median 4.79 vs 5.22; p < 0.001), higher NRS 2002 scores (p = 0.010), and lower eGFR and hemoglobin levels. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, PhA remained independently associated with HF (odds ratio (OR) = 0.62; p = 0.016), whereas NRS 2002 and ECF% were not significant. Inclusion of ECF% did not improve model performance. In ROC analysis, PhA showed modestly higher discriminative ability for HF (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.636) compared with NRS 2002 (AUC = 0.594) and BMI (AUC = 0.598).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Heart failure is associated with impaired nutritional status. Phase angle appears to be a clinically relevant marker that remains independently associated with HF after adjustment for hydration status and may be considered as a complementary tool for routine nutritional screening in this high-risk population.</p>","PeriodicalId":7306,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1355-1362"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147466644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence in forensic science: Evaluation of ChatGPT for post-mortem interval estimation and Henssge nomogram use.","authors":"Elena Giovannini, Simone Santelli, Jacopo Lenzi, Guido Pelletti, Luca Berti, Arianna Giorgetti, Filippo Pirani, Susi Pelotti, Paolo Fais","doi":"10.17219/acem/211777","DOIUrl":"10.17219/acem/211777","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In recent years, advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have led to the creation of numerous large language models, including Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT), a natural language processing model developed by OpenAI. There has been increasing interest in exploring the potential of this tool, as evidenced by several studies in the healthcare domain that have investigated the performance of ChatGPT in responding to specific questions on relevant topics. However, its application in forensic contexts remains largely unexplored.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aims to evaluate the performance of ChatGPT in estimating the post-mortem interval (PMI) by considering thanatochronological changes as well as through the application of the Henssge nomogram.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Fifteen questions concerning PMI estimation were presented to ChatGPT. These questions were categorized into 3 domains, each addressing different aspects: 1) theoretical notions, 2) practical application of theoretical notions, and 3) utilization of the Henssge nomogram. The evaluation of responses included 3 sub-criteria: focus, accuracy, and completeness.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed a high level of accuracy and completeness in addressing theoretical issues. However, the AI failed when responding to practical case scenarios and when calculating PMI using the Henssge nomogram.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although AI may be attractive for application to forensic science questions, uncertain source documents and incomplete access to the scientific literature may affect accuracy. The study concluded that AI should be investigated for use in forensic science; however, it is currently not suitable for practical PMI estimation.</p>","PeriodicalId":7306,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1437-1444"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148663370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}