Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Effects of echinacoside on the regulation of mitochondrial fission induced by TBK1/Drp1 in rheumatoid arthritis.","authors":"Xiaoyan Wang, Zhufeng Chen, Shanshan Wu, Xuemei Fan","doi":"10.17219/acem/199920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17219/acem/199920","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dysregulated mitochondrial fission in synovial tissue is a key contributor to the progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and echinacoside (ECH) has been shown to modulate this process in a mouse model of RA.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the effects of echinacoside (ECH) on the proliferation and inflammatory response of human fibroblast-like synoviocytes (MH7A cells), and to elucidate the potential underlying mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The expression and co-localization of TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) and phosphorylated dynamin-related protein 1 (p-Drp1) in synovial tissues from patients with and without RA were analyzed. MH7A cells were exposed to either ECH or 0.1% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Cell proliferation was detected using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and reactive oxygen species (ROS) expression was detected with dichlorofluorescin (DCFH) staining. The levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, IL-1β, TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), and Drp1 and the oxidative stress markers NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) were measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The mitochondrial morphology was detected with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the expression levels of p-TBK1 (S172), TBK1, p-Drp1 (S616), p-Drp1 (S637), and Drp1 were assessed using western blotting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to tissue from non-RA patients, RA synovial tissue exhibited higher expression and co-localization of TBK1 and phosphorylated Drp1 (p-Drp1). Following ECH treatment, MH7A cell proliferation and inflammatory cytokine secretion were reduced, while the expression of antioxidant stress markers was significantly increased. Furthermore, ECH treatment led to reduced levels of ROS, mitochondrial fragmentation and dysregulated mitochondrial fission in MH7A cells, along with decreased expression of p-TBK1 (Ser172) and p-Drp1 (Ser616), while p-Drp1 (Ser637) levels were increased.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Echinacoside regulates abnormal mitochondrial fission via the TBK1/Drp1 pathway, reducing the proliferation and inflammatory response of MH7A cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":7306,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144537760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined CB1 antagonist AM6545 and NOP agonist SCH221510 worsen DSS-induced colitis in mice.","authors":"Adam Fabisiak, Maria R Maryniak, Fabiana Piscitelli, Roberta Verde, Vincenzo Di Marzo, Marta Zielińska, Weronika Machelak, Ewa Małecka-Wojciesko","doi":"10.17219/acem/203426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17219/acem/203426","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite the broad range of treatment options available for intestinal inflammation, the development of novel therapeutics remains essential due to the diminishing effectiveness of current therapies over time. Both the endocannabinoid system (ECS) and nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide (NOP) receptors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of diseases associated with intestinal inflammation, highlighting their potential as therapeutic targets.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We hypothesized that an interaction exists between cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2 (CB1 and CB2) and the NOP receptor, which may hold therapeutic relevance for the treatment of colitis.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>In this study, we used 3 selective ligands: a CB1 antagonist (AM6545), a CB2 antagonist (AM630) and a NOP agonist (SCH221510) in a mouse model of colitis induced by 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Quantification of several secondary messengers was conducted using western blot analysis. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was employed to assess CB1 expression levels in colonic tissue, while liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to evaluate the concentrations of endocannabinoids and related lipid mediators.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed a statistically significant increase in the macroscopic score and a nonsignificant increase in the microscopic score in inflamed mice treated with both AM6545 and SCH221510 compared to those treated with SCH221510 alone. Additionally, the combination-treated group exhibited significantly lower levels of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) and significantly higher levels of phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-AKT) and β-arrestin relative to the SCH221510-only group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study offers novel insights into the interaction between the ECS and the NOP receptor, which may inform the development of new therapeutic strategies for inflammatory conditions such as colitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":7306,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144537759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New statistical guidelines for manuscripts submitted to Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine.","authors":"Krzysztof Kujawa, Wojciech Bombała, Anna Kopszak, Jakub Wronowicz, Maciej Wuczyński, Łukasz Lewandowski, Michał Czapla","doi":"10.17219/acem/206009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17219/acem/206009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The updated statistical reporting guidelines for Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine (ACEM) streamline the way in which authors describe their statistical analyses and results. In response to the rising popularity of advanced techniques - such as Bayesian statistics and machine learning - the revisions balance methodological rigor with article readability.</p>","PeriodicalId":7306,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144482871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Keratin biomaterials for wound healing and tissue regeneration: A promising approach in biomedical applications.","authors":"Marek Konop","doi":"10.17219/acem/205998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17219/acem/205998","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Keratin biomaterials, derived from natural sources, offer a promising, biocompatible solution for wound healing and tissue regeneration, though further clinical studies are needed to confirm their efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":7306,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144315755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of physical performance and muscle function in hemodialysis patients participating in an exercise regimen: A cluster-randomized, single-center study.","authors":"Łukasz Rogowski, Joanna Kowalska, Katarzyna Bulińska, Małgorzata Stefańska, Agnieszka Zembroń-Łacny, Andrea Mahrová, Jitka Marenčáková, Weronika Pawlaczyk, Tomasz Gołębiowski, Witold Wnukiewicz, Mariusz Kusztal, Wioletta Dziubek","doi":"10.17219/acem/202940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17219/acem/202940","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Many studies reported positive effects of physical exercise on the condition of dialysis patients. The insufficient value of those changes makes it difficult to interpret their clinical relevance.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to assess the influence of selected training (endurance, resistance, tai chi) on cardiopulmonary fitness and muscle function, as well as to analyze the factors having the most significant effect on cardiopulmonary fitness in a group of dialysis patients.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Ninety-eight patients agreed to participate in the study. Selection of the type of training was done by cluster randomization. Group 1 were patients in a cluster with an endurance exercise program, and group 2 in a cluster with resistance exercises. Group 3 consisted of patients who took part in a tai chi program (non-cluster randomization). Exercise programs with each of the 3 groups were conducted for a period of 6 months, 3 times a week (groups 1 and 2) and twice a week (group 3), up to 60 min for 1 session.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The full exercises was completed by 45 patients: group 1 - 16; group 2 - 15; group 3 - 14. The significance of the observed difference in the cardiopulmonary function was confirmed only in endurance group for absolute oxygen concumption (VO2) and heart rate (HR). Measurements of peak torque (PTQ) and total work (TW) performed at a speed of 60°/s showed a significant increase in the measured values only in the resistance training group. Measurements of PTQ and TW performed at 180°/s showed a significant increase in the measured values in the endurance and resistance group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The 6 months of training resulted in a slight improvement in cardiopulmonary parameters only in the endurance group. The above results seem to confirm the observed limited potential for improving aerobic capacity in dialysis patients. The results of strength and speed parameters shows the specificity of each training, expressed by selective improvements in isometric and both isokinetic tests.</p>","PeriodicalId":7306,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144264963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlations between OCT, OCT angiography and fundus autofluorescence in adults with superficial optic disc drusen: The importance of multimodal imaging.","authors":"Paulina Szabelska, Joanna Brydak-Godowska, Przemysław Krajewski, Radosław Różycki, Joanna Gołębiewska","doi":"10.17219/acem/202319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17219/acem/202319","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Optic nerve head drusen (ONHD) are benign calcified deposits that can compress local capillaries, disrupt blood flow and potentially lead to visual loss.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of the study was to present the correlations between optical coherence tomography (OCT), OCT angiography (OCTA) results and fundus autofluorescence (FAF) findings in patients with ONHD, and to highlight the importance of multimodal imaging in the diagnosis and management of this pathology.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This retrospective study included 21 patients (36 eyes) with ONHD, with a mean age of 45.75 years (range: 19-71 years), who had no other ocular pathologies. All participants underwent a full ophthalmic examination and multimodal imaging using the DRI Triton OCT (Topcon). Drusen presence was divided into quadrants based on FAF and correlated with OCT and OCTA results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Optic nerve head drusen were unilateral in 6 patients (28.57%) and bilateral in 15 (71.43%). Drusen were most common in the nasal and superior quadrants (NQ and SQ) but were significantly more frequent in the inferior (IQ) and temporal (TQ) quadrants in patients with bilateral ONHD. Eyes with drusen located in the IQ and TQ showed a significantly decreased radial peripapillary capillary (RPCP) vessel density (VD). Retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) measurements showed the strongest positive correlations with RPCP, especially in the IQ (r = 0.78, p < 0.001). Ganglion cell layer and nerve fiber layer (GCL++) thickness showed significant correlations with RPCP VD, particularly in the IQ and TQ (p < 0.001 for both).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Fundus autofluorescence is a valuable tool for identifying superficial drusen. Optical coherence tomography and OCTA are effective in assessing optic nerve fiber integrity and microvascular changes. Microcirculation assessment using OCTA should focus not only on the radial peripapillary capillaries (RPCP), but also on the macular region. Multimodal imaging plays a crucial role in the accurate diagnosis and comprehensive evaluation of patients with ONHD. Further longitudinal studies are needed to investigate how these correlations evolve over time, particularly in the context of ONHD progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":7306,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144232862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circular RNA hsa_circ_0008433 drives vascular smooth muscle cell modulation in intracranial aneurysm pathogenesis.","authors":"Fan Wang, Qiu-Yu Huang, Yi-Le Zeng, Xiao-Dong Kang, Qing Huang","doi":"10.17219/acem/196543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17219/acem/196543","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Intracranial aneurysm (IA) is a serious condition that can lead to a life-threatening rupture, often resulting in a hemorrhagic stroke. Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) dysfunction is a critical factor in the pathogenesis of IA, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying this relationship are not yet fully understood. Recent studies suggest that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in various vascular diseases. High-throughput sequencing identified hsa_circ_0008433 as significantly upregulated in IA tissues, especially in ruptured cases, suggesting a role in IA progression.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To further investigate the potential effects of hsa_circ_0008433 on the rupture of human IA.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the effects of hsa_circ_0008433 on IA rupture. We validated the expression of hsa_circ_0008433 in IA patient tissue samples through reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), comparing ruptured and unruptured aneurysms. Human brain vascular smooth muscle cells (HBVSMCs) were utilized to establish overexpression and knockdown models for hsa_circ_0008433. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and wound healing assays were conducted to assess cell proliferation and migration, while western blotting was employed to measure VSMC phenotype markers including α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), smooth muscle protein 22-alpha (SM22α), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The RT-qPCR analysis confirmed that hsa_circ_0008433 was significantly upregulated in IA tissues, especially in ruptured samples (p < 0.05). Overexpression of hsa_circ_0008433 in HBVSMCs promoted proliferation, migration and phenotype switching, indicated by increased expression of MMPs and decreased contractile proteins. The effects were reversed by the knockdown of hsa_circ_0008433.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We have shown that hsa_circ_0008433 regulates vascular smooth muscle cell function and promotes behaviors that may lead to intracranial aneurysm instability. This study advances the understanding of the role of circRNAs in vascular pathology and identifies hsa_circ_0008433 as a potential therapeutic target for IA. These findings open opportunities for targeted treatments and broader applications in vascular disease research.</p>","PeriodicalId":7306,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144232861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vestibular rehabilitation: Proven benefits in enhancing balance and reducing dizziness.","authors":"Xiaohua Sun, Zuwei Cao, Xin Li","doi":"10.17219/acem/193242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17219/acem/193242","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vestibular rehabilitation therapy (VRT) is widely utilized to enhance balance and mitigate dizziness in patients with vestibular disorders. However, its overall effectiveness remains to be comprehensively assessed, particularly in the context of variability among studies.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to address the current need for a systematic evaluation of VRT's efficacy.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A meta-analysis was conducted using the \"meta\" and \"dmetar\" R packages to evaluate VRT's efficacy. The analysis included statistical tools, such as Begg's test, Egger's test, Baujat plots, Galbraith plots, and influence analysis. Additionally, heterogeneity and outliers were assessed using generalized scatterplot smoothing (GOSH) diagnostics and clustering methods, including K-means, density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) and Gaussian mixture model (GMM).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The meta-analysis examined the impact of VRT on the dizziness handicap inventory (DHI) and Berg balance scale (BBS). For the DHI, VRT resulted in a significant mean improvement of 7.63 points, despite high heterogeneity (I2 = 88%). Similarly, the BBS exhibited significant improvement, with a mean difference (MD) of -2.31 points in the fixed effects model, while the random effects model also suggested improvement, though with greater variability (I2 = 92%). Subgroup analysis identified outliers significantly influencing the results.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We showed that VRT significantly enhanced patient outcomes as measured with both the DHI and BBS. These findings provide strong evidence supporting VRT's effectiveness, though the substantial heterogeneity underscores the need for further research to refine patient selection and intervention protocols. This study advances the understanding of VRT's role in managing vestibular disorders and highlights the importance of addressing variability in future studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":7306,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144223958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iodine deficiency and its association with periodontitis: A randomized controlled triple-blinded clinical study.","authors":"Didem Özkal Eminoğlu, Esra Laloglu, Kamber Kasali, Tugba Aydin, Emre Bulut, Gulbeddin Yaliniz, Gurbet Alev Oztas Sahiner, Ahmet Kiziltunc","doi":"10.17219/acem/190352","DOIUrl":"10.17219/acem/190352","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Numerous research studies have explored the impact of micronutrients, including dietary minerals such as iron, zinc, selenium, copper, and vitamins A, B complex, C, D, and E, on periodontitis. However, there is no literature investigating the role of iodine in periodontal health.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to examine the potential influence of iodine, a trace element, on periodontal health, an area that has not yet been researched.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study recruited a total of 73 participants, including 33 periodontally healthy control subjects and 40 patients with stage III periodontitis. Iodine levels in urine samples were measured using a spectrophotometric method, and the results were expressed in μg/L.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Lower iodine levels were observed in patients with periodontitis. Individuals with low iodine levels were found to be 1.04 times more likely to develop periodontitis than those with high iodine levels. The study found that if a person's urine iodine value is below 76.93 μg/L, the probability of having periodontitis is 72.5%; if it is above this value, the probability of not having periodontitis is 90.9%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that urinary iodine levels could be a valuable metric for future research, as indicated by the variance in mean urinary iodide levels. Further extensive studies could establish urinary iodine levels as a useful biomarker for the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment plan of periodontitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":7306,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"885-893"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142581961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laboratory synthesis and preparation of thermo-responsive polymeric micelle and hydrogel for resveratrol delivery and release.","authors":"Zhuojie Zhao, Liang Xi, Wei Liang","doi":"10.17219/acem/190546","DOIUrl":"10.17219/acem/190546","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Resveratrol (RSV) exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antiaging, and cardioprotective properties. However, due to its hydrophobic nature, it is prone to instability and oxidation, which significantly limit its biomedical applications.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aims of this study were: 1) To prepare and characterize hydrogels and micelles by mixing the synthesized PNIPAM-b-PEO-b-PNIPAM copolymer and RSV in an aqueous environment; 2) To investigate the molecular interactions between the polymer and RSV; 3) To evaluate various properties of the polymeric micelles and hydrogels; 4) To determine the efficiency of RSV release from the polymeric micelles.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A well-defined PNIPAM-b-PEO-b-PNIPAM block copolymer was synthesized and purified. Gel permeation chromatography and 1H NMR were used to characterize the chemical composition and molecular weight of each copolymer. The encapsulation of RSV and its interaction with PNIPAM-b-PEO-b-PNIPAM were confirmed using 2D nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY). The lower critical solution temperature (LCST), critical micelle concentration (CMC) and structure of the polymeric micelle were characterized using surface tension measurements, a viscometer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The rheological behavior of the RSV-loaded hydrogels was also investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that the RSV-loaded micelles were successfully prepared. The LCST and CMC of PNIPAM-b-PEO-b-PNIPAM polymeric micelles were determined to be 35°C and 0.005 g/L, respectively. The micelles have a spherical profile with a particle size of 100 nm and a narrow size distribution.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Resveratrol can be encapsulated within polymeric micelles formed by PNIPAM-b-PEO-b-PNIPAM block copolymer below the LCST. Its molecules are incorporated into the hydrophobic domains of poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM), forming a molecular complex. The point of molecular interaction is primarily at the phenolic region of RSV. Below LCST, PNIPAM-b-PEO-b-PNIPAM behaves as a polymeric surfactant at low concentrations and as an associating polymer at high concentrations. At high polymer concentrations, PNIPAM-b-PEO-b-PNIPAM formed a hydrogel. Above LCST, it was released from the polymeric micelles.</p>","PeriodicalId":7306,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"947-958"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142646806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}